scholarly journals Determination of the activity of selected antioxidant enzymes during bovine laminitis, induced by oligofructose overload

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (05) ◽  
pp. 6398-2020
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD ABID HAYAT ◽  
JIAFENG DING ◽  
YUEPENG LI ◽  
XIANHAO ZHANG ◽  
JIANTAO ZHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Dairy Heifers

Alimentary oligofructose (OF) overload induces acute laminitis in dairy heifers. We examined the correlation between acute bovine laminitis and antioxidant levels by measuring the activities of malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in dairy heifers with acute bovine laminitis. A total of 12 clinically healthy non-pregnant Chinese Holstein heifers, aged between 18-26 months (20.67 ± 3.01 mo), weighing 335-403 kg (379.71 ± 19.87 kg), and with BCS ranging from 2.7 to 3.3 were selected and divided into two groups of six animals: an OF-treated group and a control group. The OF-treated heifers (n = 6) received 17 g/kg BW of oligofructose dissolved in 2 L/100 kg BW of tap water, whereas the control heifers (n = 6) received 2 L/100 kg BW of tap water. Blood samples of OF-treated and the control heifers were collected at –72 h before, as well as 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 h after OF overload. Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), and catalase (CAT) activity levels were measured by authenticated standard methods using blood samples. The mean concentration of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly lower (p < 0.01) in the OF-treated heifers from 24 h to 72 h and significantly lower (p < 0.05) at 18 h compared to the control group. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level was significantly higher (p < 0.01) at 24 h to 72 h and significant increased (p < 0.05) at 12 h to 18 h in OF-treated heifers compared with healthy heifers. There were no significant differences in GSH and CAT activities between the control and treatment groups. Our study showed that inadequate levels of antioxidants (enzymatic and non-enzymatic) may be linked to oxidative stress in sick heifers. OF-treated heifers had decreased SOD and increased MDA in response to acute laminitis. Therefore, SOD, GSH, CAT, and MDA activities may play a dynamic role in the etiopathogenesis of acute laminitis in dairy heifers. However, further detailed research is required to describe these responses and to develop strategies to control acute laminitis.

Renal function in the laboratory rat: a student exercise.

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (6) ◽  
pp. S49 ◽  
Author(s):  
R L Walker ◽  
M E Olson
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Group A

Because of the increased concern over use of human body fluids in physiology teaching laboratories, we developed an exercise in renal function that utilizes laboratory rats. The purpose is to demonstrate the role of the kidneys in the homeostatic control of extracellular fluid volume, plasma ionic concentrations, and osmolarity. Three treatment groups are utilized: a volume-expanded (access to 1 g/100 ml sucrose) group, a volume-expanded and salt-loaded (access to 0.9 g/100 ml NaCl) group, and a volume-depleted (water-deprived) group. A normovolemic control group (access to tap water) is also included. Rats are housed individually in metabolic cages that allow accurate measurement of fluid intake and urine output. Blood samples are removed via cardiac puncture. The animals recover from this procedure and can be reutilized within 2-3 wk. When class data are pooled, clear trends are seen that demonstrate the volume-, osmo-, and ionoregulatory abilities of the kidneys.

scholarly journals Amelioratory Effect of Nanoconjugated Vancomycin on Spleen during VRSA-Induced Oxidative Stress

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhankari Prasad Chakraborty ◽  
Santanu KarMahapatra ◽  
Sumanta Kumar Sahu ◽  
Panchanan Pramanik ◽  
Somenath Roy
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Myeloperoxidase Activity ◽  
Viable Bacteria ◽  
Antioxidant Effects ◽  
Potential Use

Objective. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible antioxidant effects of nanoconjugated vancomycin against VRSA infection on select makers of oxidative damage and antioxidant status in spleen. Methods. A coagulase-positive VRSA strain was used for this study. VRSA infection was developed in Swiss mice by intraperitoneal injection of 5 × 106 CFU/mL bacterial solutions. VRSA-infected mice were treated with nanoconjugated vancomycin at its effective dose for 10 days. After decapitation, blood was used for determination of viable bacteria count and spleen was excised from control and experimental groups, homogenized and used for different biochemical estimations. Results. Nitrate level, myeloperoxidase activity, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, oxidized glutathione, and DNA fragmentation level were increased significantly (P<0.05) in spleen of VRSA-infected group as compared to control group, and reduced glutathione level, activity of SOD, CAT, GPx, GR, and GST were decreased significantly (P<0.05); which were increased or decreased significantly (P<0.05) near to normal in nanoconjugated vancomycin-treated group. Conclusion. These findings suggest the potential use and beneficial role of nanoconjugated vancomycin against VRSA-infection-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in spleen.

Effect of repeated oral administration of levofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and meloxicam on antioxidant parameters and lipid peroxidation in rabbits

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adil Mehraj Khan ◽  
Satyavan Rampal ◽  
Naresh Kumar Sood
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oxidative Balance ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters ◽  
Elevated Lipid

The effect of 21 days of repeated oral administration of levofloxacin and enrofloxacin both alone and in combination with meloxicam, on the oxidative balance in blood was evaluated in rabbits. Rabbits were randomly allocated to six groups of four animals each. Control group was gavaged 5% dextrose and 2% benzyl alcohol. Three groups were exclusively gavaged meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg body weight o.d.), levofloxacin hemihydrate (10 mg/kg body weight b.i.d 12 h), and enrofloxacin (20 mg/kg body weight o.d.), respectively. Two other groups were co-gavaged meloxicam with levofloxacin hemihydrate and enrofloxacin, respectively. A reduction ( p < 0.05) of reduced glutathione levels was observed in groups treated with meloxicam both alone and in combination with levofloxacin, whereas an increase ( p < 0.01) in the levels of this antioxidant was observed in the groups treated with enrofloxacin. The activities of enzymes, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, were induced ( p < 0.05) in levofloxacin-alone treated group. Superoxide dismutase was also induced ( p < 0.05) in meloxicam-alone treated group and inhibited ( p < 0.05) in enrofloxacin-meloxicam co-treated group. The activity of catalase was non-significantly different between various groups. Enrofloxacin-treated groups had higher ( p < 0.01) lipid peroxidation than control and levofloxacin-alone treated groups. Elevated lipid peroxidation was also observed in the groups treated with meloxicam both alone and in combination with levofloxacin ( p < 0.05). In conclusion, these drugs have potential to induce oxidative imbalance, however, compared to levofloxacin, more oxidative damage is produced by enrofloxacin and meloxicam.

scholarly journals Insect Crude Thoraxial Antigen-G Extracted from Apis mellifera to Enhance Serum Immunoglobulin of Goats: An Entomology Contribution in Animal Science

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Wisje Lusia Toar ◽  
Laurentius Rumokoy ◽  
Ivonne Maria Untu ◽  
Geertruida Assa
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Serum Immunoglobulin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immunoglobulin Level ◽  
Animal Science ◽  
Serum Immunoglobulin Level ◽  
Pathogenic Microbes

This research was conducted to evaluate the influence of insect crude thoraxial antigen-G (CTA) extracted from Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) to enhance goat’s serum immunoglobulin level. The first part of this study was the determination of insect CTA proportion level. The insects were collected from four different places: Tomohon, Minahasa, North-Minahasa and Manado areas. The second part of the study was the application of A. mellifera CTA substance on serum immunoglobulin level classification. In this part, twelve young goats handled with traditional maintenance.  The animals experiment were divided in two groups: control group and the other treated with 100 µg CTA extract. The proportion of serum immunoglobulins level of goats was detected at 14th days after immunization with insects CTA extract, and compared with the animals immunoglobulin levels at the starting day of treatment.  The data of CTA extract proportion level of the insects collected were subjected to statistically analysis using the general linear model (GLM) procedure of SPSS 22. Concerning the classification level of the animal treated with CTA was statistically analyzed according to Mann-Whitney test. The results showed that the proportion level of thoraxial antigens-G of A. mellifera from all areas observed were not significant different (P>0.05). This crude thoraxial antigens-G of this insect were able to increase serum antibody level of the experiment animal after 14 days of immunization. The immunoglobulin level qualification of animals in treated group were significant higher (P<0.05) than in control group. We concluded that the CTA extract of the Apis mellifera could be empowered to improve the young goat immunity against the pathogenic microbes in their environment. 

Ameliorative Effects of Quercetin in Cyclophosphamide-Induced Vascular Toxicity in Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
EMİN ŞENGÜL ◽  
VOLKAN GELEN ◽  
SEMİN GEDİKLİ ◽  
ELİF ERBAS ◽  
ASLIHAN ATASEVER
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Vascular Toxicity ◽  
Relaxation Responses

Abstract Cyclophosphamide (CYP) causes vascular toxicity and endothelial damage. In this study aimed the determination of the protective effects of Quercetin (Q) in the CYP-induced vascular toxicity in rats. The rats were randomly divided into the following five groups: Control, CYP, Q50+CYP, Q100+CYP and Q100. The control group was given intragastric (i.g.) corn oil for seven days. The CYP group received i.g. corn oil for seven days and a single dose (200 mg/kg) of CYP via intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection on the seventh day. The rats in the three Q-treated groups received Q for seven days. On the seventh day after the Q treatment, the Q50+CYP, and Q100+CYP groups were injected to single dose (200 mg/kg, i.p.) of CYP. The CYP-treatment both worsen the Phenylephrine (PE)-induced contractions and acetylcholine (ACh)-induced relaxation responses in isolated thoracic aorta of rats, and the application of Q corrected these responses. The malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly higher in the CYP-treated groups. The both dose of Q decreased the MDA level. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) activities were significantly decreased in the CYP group, whereas the high dose of Q increased SOD and GSH activities. Q treatment attenuated CYP-induced pathologies, and endothelial damage. According to results, Q has protective effects against CYP-induced vascular toxicity in rats.

scholarly journals PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF TRIPHALA CHURNA INSTREPTOZOTOCIN (I. C. V.) INDUCED DEMENTIA IN RATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Purabi Deka ◽  
Arun Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Glutathione Level

Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the memory improving activity of Triphala Churna hydro-methanolic fruit extract on learning and memory functions in Streptozotocin (I. C. V) induced dementia in rats by using morris water maze and elevated plus maze.Methods: A total of 42 albino wistar rats weighing 80-100 g were randomized into 7 equal groups as follows: Normal control group received normal saline (1 ml/kg p. o.) for 24 d, STZ treated group (3 mg/kg, i. c. v) were administered in two dosage regimen i.e. on first day and third day.), Standard group: Streptozotocin (3 mg/kg i. c. v)+Vitamin E (100 mg/kg/day p. o.) were administered for 21 d, Standard group: Streptozotocin (3 mg/kg i. c. v)+Rivastigmine (2 mg/kg/day p. o.) were administered for 21 d. The learning and memory-impaired rats were treated with Triphala Churna Formulation 1, Triphala Churna Formulation 2 and Triphala Churna Formulation 3 for 21 d (100 mg/kg p. o.). AchE activity, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, glutathione level of brain homogenate was estimated in Control/STZ (I. C. V)/Standard/Triphala Churna fruits extract treated rats.Results: Administration of Triphala Churna fruits extract significantly restored learning and memory impairment induced by STZ (I. C. V) in the elevated plus maze and morris water maze. Furthermore, in the TPLC F2 and TPLC F3 treated group brain AchE level was decreased (P≤0.01) as well as brain lipid peroxidation was also decreased (P≤0.001). Brain antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione level were increased (P≤0.001) in the TPLC1 and TPLC2 treated group when compared to the STZ treated group, TPLC F2 and TPLC F3 treated group showed significant (P≤0.001, P≤0.01) increase in superoxide dismutase level. Conclusion: Triphala Churna fruits extract has an improving effect on learning and memory impairment rats produced by Streptozotocin (I. C. V) and may have a useful effect in the treatment of dementia and Alzheimer's disease.

Effect of chlorothiazide on serial measurements of exchangeable sodium and blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats

1985 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 511-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. O. Manhem ◽  
S. A. Clark ◽  
W. B. Brown ◽  
G. D. Murray ◽  
J. I. S. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Temporal Association ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive

1. Chlorothiazide (100 mg/kg body weight) was given by gavage daily to spontaneously hypertensive rats for 4 weeks. Another group of spontaneously hypertensive rats was given only tap water and served as control. 2. Measurements of total exchangeable sodium, blood pressure and weight were performed for 2 weeks before and for 4 weeks during treatment. 3. Before treatment, exchangeable sodium, blood pressure and weight were similar in the two groups of rats. 4. Chlorothiazide significantly attenuated the blood pressure increase in spontaneously hypertensive rats, the effect being most marked during the first 2 1/2 weeks of treatment and less thereafter. 5. Rats in the chlorothiazide-treated group gained weight more slowly than did those of the control group. 6. Exchangeable sodium, expressed as mmol/kg body weight, did not differ significantly between the two groups at any stage. 7. When exchangeable sodium was expressed as mmol/rat, there was a more gradual rise in the chlorothiazide-treated animals, in accordance with their slower gain in weight. 8. There was no temporal association between the antihypertensive effect of chlorothiazide and changes in exchangeable sodium. 9. Thus whereas chlorothiazide treatment of spontaneously hypertensive rats slows the increase of both weight and exchangeable sodium, other mechanisms are apparently responsible for the antihypertensive action of the drug.

scholarly journals Comparative Efficacies of Amoxicillin, Clindamycin, and Moxifloxacin in Prevention of Bacteremia following Dental Extractions

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 2996-3002 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Diz Dios ◽  
I. Tomás Carmona ◽  
J. Limeres Posse ◽  
J. Medina Henríquez ◽  
J. Fernández Feijoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prophylactic Treatment ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anesthesia Induction ◽  
Beta Lactams ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Microbiological Techniques ◽  
Group A ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

ABSTRACT We evaluated the efficacies of oral prophylactic treatment with amoxicillin (AMX), clindamycin (CLI), and moxifloxacin (MXF) in the prevention of bacteremia following dental extractions (BDE). Two hundred twenty-one adults who required dental extractions under general anesthesia were randomly assigned to a control group, an AMX group, a CLI group, and an MXF group (the individuals in the drug treatment groups received 2 g, 600 mg, and 400 mg, respectively, 1 to 2 h before anesthesia induction). Venous blood samples were collected from each patient at the baseline and 30 s, 15 min, and 1 h after the dental extractions. The samples were inoculated into BACTEC Plus aerobic and anaerobic blood culture bottles and were processed in a BACTEC 9240 instrument. Subculture and the further identification of the isolated bacteria were performed by conventional microbiological techniques. The prevalences of BDE in the control group, AMX group, CLI group, and MXF group were 96, 46, 85, and 57%, respectively, at 30 s; 64, 11, 70, and 24%, respectively, at 15 min; and 20, 4, 22, and 7%, respectively, at 1 h. Streptococcus spp. were the most frequently identified bacteria in all groups (44 to 68%), with the lowest percentage being detected in the AMX group (44%). AMX and MXF prophylaxis showed high efficacies in reducing the prevalence and duration of BDE, but CLI prophylaxis was noneffective. As a consequence, MXF prophylaxis is a promising antibiotic alternative for the prevention of BDE when beta-lactams are not indicated.

Immunomodulatory effect of levamisole on PPR vaccine in goats and change in haematological profile

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mousam Das ◽  
D. P. Isore ◽  
S. N. Joardar ◽  
I. Samanta ◽  
S. K. Mukhopadhayay
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Indirect Elisa ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Mixed Blood ◽  
Haematological Profile

Levamisole is an anthelmintic and synthetic immunomodulator. Effect of levamisole on PPR vaccine in goat model was evaluated in this study. Healthy, sero negative for PPR infection 12 Black Bengal goats were divided into three groups. Levamisole was injected @ 2.5 mg/kg b.wt. and @ 5.0 mg/kg b.wt. in two groups respectively. After seven days all animals were vaccinated with PPR cell culture vaccine. Blood samples were collected from animals at 0 day, 7th day, 14th day, 21st day and 30th day. Serum was separated and used in indirect ELISA for qualitative and quantitative assay of antibody titer. EDTA mixed blood sample was used for determination of immunity induced blood cells number. Antibody titer and immunity induced blood cells number were more in the Levamisole and vaccine treated groups than only vaccine treated group. So, levamisole acted as an immunomodulator when it was used prior PPR vaccine in goats.

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