scholarly journals Hepatitis E virus in humans, farm animals and animals from the sylvatic environment

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 456-461
Author(s):  
Ewelina Bigoraj ◽  
Artur Rzeżutka
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Animal Reservoir ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Virus Genotypes ◽  
Public Health Protection

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a hepatovirus causing infections in humans and in many animal species. According to the current knowledge, HEV strains have been classified in the genus Orthohepevirus, family Hepeviridae, which encompasses strains belonging to one of seven virus genotypes. Genotypes 1 and 2 have only been found in humans, while genotypes 3 and 4 have been detected in humans, pigs, deer, rabbits and mongoose. The other HEV genotypes infect wild animals. However, the full spectrum of animal species being the natural reservoir of HEV has not been fully recognized. The clinical course of hepatitis in animals is asymptomatic, and infections do not cause significant losses in animal farming. Unlike in animals, infections in humans, and especially in pregnant women, can cause serious health problems. The identification of new virus strains in the animal reservoir and the possibility of transmission of some animal HEV strains to humans make the issue of public health protection and food safety even more important. This article provides an overview of data on the prevalence of HEV infections in animals and their impact on human and animal health

scholarly journals Hepatitis E Virus in Croatia in the “One-Health” Context

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 699
Author(s):  
Anna Mrzljak ◽  
Lorena Jemersic ◽  
Vladimir Savic ◽  
Ivan Balen ◽  
Maja Ilic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Human Case ◽  
Interspecies Transmission ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Chronic Patients ◽  
Indirect Contact ◽  
The One ◽  
Foodborne Infection

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the most common cause of viral hepatitis globally. The first human case of autochthonous HEV infection in Croatia was reported in 2012, with the undefined zoonotic transmission of HEV genotype 3. This narrative review comprehensively addresses the current knowledge on the HEV epidemiology in humans and animals in Croatia. Published studies showed the presence of HEV antibodies in different population groups, such as chronic patients, healthcare professionals, voluntary blood donors and professionally exposed and pregnant women. The highest seroprevalence in humans was found in patients on hemodialysis in a study conducted in 2018 (27.9%). Apart from humans, different studies have confirmed the infection in pigs, wild boars and a mouse, indicating the interspecies transmission of HEV due to direct or indirect contact or as a foodborne infection. Continued periodical surveys in humans and animals are needed to identify the possible changes in the epidemiology of HEV infections.

Detection and characterisation of hepatitis E virus in naturally infected swine in Croatia

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoran Lipej ◽  
Dinko Novosel ◽  
Lea Vojta ◽  
Besi Roić ◽  
Miljenko Šimpraga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Animal Reservoir ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Swine Herds ◽  
Bile Samples

Hepatitis E is a viral zoonotic disease infecting swine worldwide. Since pigs represent a likely animal reservoir for the hepatitis E virus, the epidemiology of naturally occurring hepatitis E was investigated in Croatian swine herds. Nearly all tested animals were seropositive for antibodies against the hepatitis E virus (55/60, 91.7%). Active infection was detected in all age groups by RT-PCR of viral RNA in serum (8/60, 13.3%) and bile samples (3/37, 8.1%), which was further confirmed by histopathological findings of characteristic lesions in the livers of the infected animals. Three new strains of hepatitis E virus were isolated from Croatian pig herds. Phylogenetic analysis using median-joining networks clustered those Croatian strains with isolates from various parts of the world, indicating their likely origin in international trade. Similarity to human isolates implies a zoonotic potential of Croatian strains, which raises a public health concern, especially in the light of the high prevalence of hepatitis E in the herds studied.

Valuable antibody detection method for classifying hepatitis E virus genotypes

2017 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenyan Zhao ◽  
Yansheng Geng ◽  
Weijing Huang ◽  
Hongxia Ma ◽  
Youchun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Virus Genotypes

Hepatitis E virus genotypes 1 and 3 in wastewater samples in Tunisia

2014 ◽  
Vol 160 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Béji-Hamza ◽  
M. Hassine-Zaafrane ◽  
H. Khélifi-Gharbi ◽  
S. Della Libera ◽  
M. Iaconelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Virus Genotypes ◽  
Wastewater Samples

Rat Hepatitis E Virus Linked to Severe Acute Hepatitis in an Immunocompetent Patient

2019 ◽  
Vol 220 (6) ◽  
pp. 951-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Andonov ◽  
Mark Robbins ◽  
Jamie Borlang ◽  
Jingxin Cao ◽  
Todd Hatchette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
The United States ◽  
Immunocompetent Patient ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Animal Reservoir ◽  
Hepatitis Infection ◽  
Severe Acute Hepatitis

Abstract Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major public health concern in developing countries where the primary transmission is via contaminated water. Zoonotic HEV cases have been increasingly described in Europe, Japan, and the United States, with pigs representing the main animal reservoir of infection. We report an unusual acute hepatitis infection in a previously healthy man caused by a rat HEV with a considerably divergent genomic sequence compared with other rat HEV strains. It is possible that rat HEV is an underrecognized cause of hepatitis infection, and further studies are necessary to elucidate its potential risk and mode of transmission.

scholarly journals Infectivity and pathogenicity of different hepatitis E virus genotypes/subtypes in rabbit model

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2697-2705
Author(s):  
Shuangshuang Li ◽  
Qiyu He ◽  
Li Yan ◽  
Manyu Li ◽  
Zhaochao Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Virus Genotypes

Hepatitis E virus

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. J. Meng
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Efficient Cell Culture System ◽  
The Family ◽  
Avian Hev ◽  
Animal Strains

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a small, non-enveloped, single-strand, positive-sense RNA virus of approximately 7.2 kb in size. HEV is classified in the family Hepeviridae consisting of four recognized major genotypes that infect humans and other animals. Genotypes 1 and 2 HEV are restricted to humans and often associated with large outbreaks and epidemics in developing countries with poor sanitation conditions, whereas genotypes 3 and 4 HEV infect humans, pigs and other animal species and are responsible for sporadic cases of hepatitis E in both developing and industrialized countries. The avian HEV associated with Hepatitis-Splenomegaly syndrome in chickens is genetically and antigenically related to mammalian HEV, and likely represents a new genus in the family. There exist three open reading frames in HEV genome: ORF1 encodes non-structural proteins, ORF2 encodes the capsid protein, and the ORF3 encodes a small phosphoprotein. ORF2 and ORF3 are translated from a single bicistronic mRNA, and overlap each other but neither overlaps ORF1. Due to the lack of an efficient cell culture system and a practical animal model for HEV, the mechanisms of HEV replication and pathogenesis are poorly understood. The recent identification and characterization of animal strains of HEV from pigs and chickens and the demonstrated ability of cross-species infection by these animal strains raise potential public health concerns for zoonotic HEV transmission. It has been shown that the genotypes 3 and 4 HEV strains from pigs can infect humans, and vice versa. Accumulating evidence indicated that hepatitis E is a zoonotic disease, and swine and perhaps other animal species are reservoirs for HEV. A vaccine against HEV is not yet available.

Detection of hepatitis E virus genotypes 3 and 4 in donkeys in northern China

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Rui ◽  
F. Zhao ◽  
S. Yan ◽  
C. Wang ◽  
Q. Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Virus Genotypes

scholarly journals Virulence factor activity relationships for hepatitis E and Cryptosporidium

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S55-S63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Fayer ◽  
Palmer Orlandi ◽  
Michael L. Perdue
Keyword(s):  
Host Cell ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Virulence Factor ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Factor Activity ◽  
Infectious Dose

The hepatitis E virus and Cryptosporidium are waterborne pathogens, each consisting of distinct taxa, genotypes and isolates that infect humans, nonhuman animal species or both. Some are associated with disease, others are not. Factors contributing to disease are extremely complicated, possibly involving differences in one or more traits associated with an organism's taxon, genotype or isolate and its infectious dose, and age or condition, as well as the host's physiology and immune status. Potential virulence factors have not yet been identified for HEV. Putative virulence factors for Cryptosporidium might be found in recently recognized genes involved in processes such as excystation, adherence to host cells, invasion, intracellular maintenance and host cell destruction.

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