scholarly journals Comparative study of coagulation effect of Diospyros Malabarica

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (03) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
N.S. Abegunasekara ◽  
A.M.A.G.K.S. Bandara
Keyword(s):  
Test Group ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Clotting Cascade ◽  
Group A ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Human Blood Coagulation

In most of the Ayurvedic remedies, Diospyros malabarica is used to obtain Rakthasthambana (coagulation) effect. The effect of leaves and stem bark extract of Diospyros malabarica on human blood coagulation was investigated using Lee and White method at Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute in Sri Lanka. A total of 20 healthy individuals representing both sex were included in the study. For the test group, three tubes containing a volume of 0.5mL of stem bark extract were allocated, and the sap was replaced with normal saline for the tubes of the control group. A volume of 1mL of drawn blood was quickly added for every six tubes in situ, and all were incubated in a water bath at 37˚C. Every tube of two groups was observed carefully for a clot to measure the average clotting time of each group separately. Above procedure was repeated to all the fresh juice samples of stem bark and the leaves of Diospyros malabarica. The statistically significant reduction of average clotting time has proved that the stem bark of Diospyros malabarica and leaves of Diospyros malabarica have a highly significant effect on clotting cascade.

scholarly journals Effect of carissa edulis (VAHL) apocynaceae stem bark on hematological parameters in ccl¬4 induced albino rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Y. Y. Izam ◽  
B. B. Bukar
Keyword(s):  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Hematological Effect

Aim/Objectives: There are claims that Carissa edulis has positive effects on hematological parameters. The present study was conducted to evaluate the safety and claimed hematological effect of Carissa edulis on rats intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride.Method: Thirty six male albino rats were randomly allotted to six groups of six rats per group. The animals were treated with (250, 500 and 1000mg/kg of the stem bark extract of Carissa edulis. The extract was administered daily by gavage to the animals for 28 consecutive days. The 50%v/v Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and olive oil was gavaged twice a week. The animals of the normal control group were given 5ml/kg of distilled water while those of the CCl4 group were administered CCl4 only twice a week.Result: Results of the study showed that the CCl4 group caused a significant decrease in most of the hematological parameters while the extract treated groups showed a significant increase in these parameters.Discussion / Conclusion: This suggests that the ethanolic stem bark extract has erythropoietic, thrombopoietic and positive effect on the immune system.   

THE EFFECT OF IRONWOOD STEM BARK EXTRACT (Eusideroxylon zwageri) ON THE GROWTH OF Streptococcus mutans ON ACRYLIC RESIN DENTURE PLATE

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Amalia Noviyanti ◽  
I Wayan Arya Krishnawan Firdaus ◽  
Rahmad Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Chlorhexidine Gluconate ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Denture Plate ◽  
Colony Number ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

ABSTRACTBackground: Streptococcus mutans is plaque-forming initiator bacteria. Plaque on the surface base of denture can cause color changing, bad breath, inflammation, and infection  called denture stomatitis. Denture hygiene must be maintained by denture soaking in 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate. However, 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconatethat used incessantly can cause side effects such as the changing of denture color and the fading of denture base pigmentation. The ironwood stem bark extract can be an alternative for denture cleanser material. Objectives: To analyze the effect of ironwood stem bark extract on the growth of Streptococcus mutans on heat cured type acrylic resin denture plate. Methods: True experimental laboratories research was used with post test only control group design using 9 treatment groups which are 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% concentration of ironwood stem bark extract, 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate and aquadest. The treatment was performed with 3 times repetition resulting in 27 total samples. Antibacterial activity was measured by calculating the bacteria colony number. Results: The 5% and 10% concentration of ironwood stem bark extract were effective in reducing Streptococcus mutans with30.3 CFU/ml and 10.3 CFU/ml average colony number. The ironwood stem bark extracts with 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% concentration are effective and equivalent to 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate against Streptococcus mutans with 0 CFU/ml average value. Conclusion: The 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% concentration of ironwood stem bark extract is equally effective as 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconatein killing Streptococcus mutans,exhibiting potential to be an alternative for denture cleanser material.Keyword: 0.2% Chlorhexidine gluconate, ironwood stem bark extract, acrylic resin denture plate heat cured type, Streptococcus mutans.

scholarly journals In Vivo Antiplasmodial Activity of Detarium microcarpum (Fabaceae) Stem Bark Extract

Thrita ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amira Rahana Abdullahi ◽  
Sani Malami ◽  
Lawal Alhassan Bichi
Keyword(s):  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Detarium Microcarpum ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Background: Malaria is a parasitic infection that is common in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. It is estimated to kill one million individuals annually. Detarium microcarpum (Fabaceae family) is used traditionally for the treatment of malaria, diabetes, hypertension, convulsions, pneumonia, leprosy, and meningitis. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the antiplasmodial potential and safety profile of the methanol extract of D. microcarpum stem bark. Methods: The extract was subjected to phytochemical screening and oral median lethal dose (LD50) estimation. Using curative, suppressive, and prophylactic experimental animal models, antiplasmodial activity was assessed in mice infected with chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei berghei. Biochemical and hematological tests were conducted in rats orally administered with the extract for 28 days. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the data, followed by Dunnett's post hoc test. Results: Alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, triterpenes, and glycosides were found in the extract through phytochemical analysis. When compared to the negative control group, the extract at the tested doses (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg) showed a significant (P < 0.001) curative, suppressive, and prophylactic effect and significantly (P < 0.001) prolonged the survival time of mice in the treated groups. The extract had an insignificant (P > 0.05) effect on the biochemical and hematological parameters tested. Conclusions: The results suggest that the stem bark extract of D. microcarpum at the doses tested possesses antiplasmodial activity and is relatively safe after short-term use.

scholarly journals Protective Effects Of Tecomella Undulata Stem Bark Extract On Isoniazid Induced Hepatotoxicity: Based On Liver Enzymes And Histopathology In Rat Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
Zubaida Umar Zehri ◽  
Shabih Zehra ◽  
Abdul Lateef Mahesar ◽  
M. Anwar ◽  
Syed Ijaz Hussain Zaidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Function Test ◽  
Group A ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Objective: To evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of Tecomellaundulata stem bark extract on isoniazid induced hepatic damage based on liver enzymes and Liver function test in rat models. Study design and Setting: An experimental study conducted at Department of Pharmacology at Al-Tibri Medical College and Hospital, Isra University Karachi Campus and Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi. Methodology: Total twenty-four rats were studied. The albino rats that were male, healthy, and weighing 200-250grams were included in this study. Rats were divided into four groups, each group having six rats and treated once daily orally for 30 days. Group A was control group and treated with normal animal diet and water; Group B was Isoniazid treated group and induced by oral administration of Isoniazid (INH) 50mg/kg. Group C was treated with Isoniazid 50mg/kg and Tecomellaundulata bark extract with low dose of 200mg/kg . Group D was treated with Isoniazid 50mg/kg and Tecomellaundulata bark extract with high dose of 400mg/kg . All the animals were weighed before commencement of the study. Liver enzymes were noted after the end of experiment. P value of <0.05 was taken as significant. Results: While comparing the mean values of AST,ALT, ALP and GGT in all four groups group; the statistical significant difference (p<0.001) was found. The mean levels in of total Bilirubin in group A was 0.69 ±0.01, group B 1.04 ±0.04, in group C was 1.15 ±0.39, and in group D was 1.04 ±0.44 with the significant difference (p=0.004). Conclusion: Tecomellaundulata has a protective effect on isoniazid induced toxicity on liver as evidenced by liver function test on rat models.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidants effects of Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Eucalyptus Camaldulensis in Wister Albino Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
Jude Nwaogu ◽  
Babangida Abubakar ◽  
Mustapha Sahabi Aliyu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Aim: The aim is to evaluate the antioxidant potentials of Eucalyptus camaldulensis methanol stem bark extract (ECMSBE) on Wister albino rats. Methodology: The phytochemical screening of ECMSBE was conducted using standard methods. A total of 36 albino rats were used for the antioxidant studies. The rats were divided into six (6) groups of six rats. Control group received distilled water orally at 2ml/kg. Oxidative stress was induced in groups 2 to group 6 CCl4 (1ml/kg, s.c) at every 72hrs for 10 days. Group 2 was untreated while groups 3 – 6 received doses of 50, 100, 150 and 200mg/kg of ECMSBE respectively. On the 11th day, the rats were sacrificed and the liver was removed and homogenised and oxidative stress parameters were determined. Results: Phytochemical analysis of ECMSBE revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, glycosides, steroids, terpenoids and resins. There was no significant difference (P<.05) between the CCl4 induced group and the group treated with ECMSBE (50mg/kg). However, their concentrations were significantly different from the group treated with ECMSBE (100mg/kg – 200mg/kg) when compared to the group treated with CCl4 Only. The CCl4-induced group had its vitamin A, vitamin C and vitamin E concentrations significant different (P<.05) from the groups treated with ECMSBE (100, 150 and 200mg/kg body weight). There was no significant difference (P>.05) in the levels of SOD, CAT and GPx between the group induced with CCl4 only and the group treated with ECMSBE (50mg/kg), however, it these concentrations were significantly higher (P<.05). The enzymatic antioxidants concentration in the normal control group was not significantly different (P>.05) when compared the group that was treated with ECMSBE (200mg/kg) Conclusion: The result suggest that the extract of E. camaldulensis possessed antioxidant properties which can be used as effective protecting agents against oxidative stress and other diseases.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF SUB-ACUTE TOXICITY OF THE HYDRO-METHANOL STEM BARK EXTRACT OF BURKEA AFRICANA IN ALBINO RATS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terhemen Festus Swem ◽  
Patrick Emeka Aba ◽  
Samuel Chukwuneke Udem ◽  
Victor Masekaven Ahur ◽  
Fidelis Aondover Gberindyer
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Somatic Index

Objective: This study was designed to investigate the sub-acute toxicity profile of hydro-methanol extract of Burkea africana  (BA) stem bark in rats. Methods: The stem bark of BA was extracted by cold maceration using 80% methanol. Twenty female albino rats were randomly assigned into four groups of five rats each. Group 1 (only distilled water). Groups 2-4 received the extract (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) orally, once daily for 28 days. The rats were observed for signs of toxicity and the bodyweight (b.wt) of rats taken weekly. Blood samples were collected on day 28 for hematology and serum chemistry. Visceral organs were harvested for organ-somatic index and histopathology. Results: There were no toxicity signs observed and no significant (p< 0.05) change in body weight but the pulmo-somatic index was significantly (p< 0.05) higher at 400 mg/kg compared with the control and other treated groups. Significant (p< 0.05) increase in PCV, RBC, and MCV and significant (p< 0.05) decrease in MCHC, Total WBC count, neutrophils and lymphocytes were observed. Also, there were significant (p< 0.05) decreases in ALT, total protein, globulin, total bilirubin of test groups when compared with the control group. Urea concentration of test groups significantly (p< 0.05) increased when compared with that of the control group. Conclusions: BA stem bark extract can be said to have no deleterious effect on erythrocyte, but rather serve to improve erythropoiesis and also has no overt toxic effect on the visceral organs. Also the extract may have immunosuppressive and oxidative tendencies on prolong use.                                   Peer Review History: Received 12 January 2021; Revised 3 February; Accepted 25 February, Available online 15 March 2021 UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency.  Received file:                Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.0/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Idoko Alexander, Caritas University, Enugu, Nigeria, [email protected] Taha A.I. El Bassossy,  Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt, [email protected]   Similar Articles: PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF METHANOL EXTRACT OF RUSSELIA EQUISETIFORMIS AGAINST PARACETAMOL-INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN WISTAR RATS EFFECTS OF RAW AND COOKED AQUEOUS AND METHANOL EXTRACTS OF PHASEOLUS VULGARIS (KIDNEY BEANS) ON RENAL FUNCTION IN ALBINO WISTAR RATS EVALUATION OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF EUPHORBIA NERIIFOLIA STEM BARK ON BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS, SERUM AND TISSUE LIPIDS IN A PRECLINICAL MODEL

scholarly journals Antioxidant and hepatoprotective potentials of miliusa velutina stem bark extract

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. First
Author(s):  
Đái Thị Xuân Trang ◽  
Hieu Le Trung Bui ◽  
Linh Chi Tran ◽  
Danh Thai Luu ◽  
Tuan Trong Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Hepatoprotective Effect ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Miliusa velutina (MV) stem bark has various medicinal uses, but its hepatoprotective effect has not yet been studied. This study investigated the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of the ethanol extract of MV stem bark against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury. The ethanol extract of MV stem bark was evaluated for in vitro antioxidant activity which exhibited good antioxidant activity in terms of ferric reducing-antioxidant power assay (EC50, FRAP=4.04±0.00 µg/mL), total antioxidant capacity assay (EC50, TAC=8.73±1.08 µg/mL) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (EC50, DPPH=9.33±0.07 µg/mL) radical scavenging assay. Mice were pretreated with CCl4 (2.5 mL/kg body wight per day) in 4 consecutive weeks. After one hour taking CCl4 by oral administration, mice were treated with the ethanol stem bark extract of MV at various concentrations of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight. The MV stem bark at the dose of 400 mg/kg body weight effectively reduced the level of alanine transaminase (38±6.78 U/L) and aspartate transaminase (AST) in serum. Besides, the MV stem bark at the dose 400 mg/kg body weight reduced the malondialdehyde (3.12±1,19 nM MDA/g tissue) level, and increased the activity of reduced glutathione (896.21±22.69 nM GSH/g tissue) in liver. The observation of the microscopic cross section of liver tissue also revealed that the mice treated with stem bark extract of MV at the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight had significantly improvement in liver tissues compared to the non-treated control group. Histological analyses of the MV-treated group exhibited reducing inflammatory process and preventing liver necrosis and fibrosis. In summary, the hepatoprotective effect of MV stem bark was seemingly associated with its antioxidant activity.

scholarly journals Effects of Aqueous Stem Bark Extract of Stereospermum kunthianum on Carbon Tetrachloride - Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Suleiman Jada ◽  
Mohammed Aliyu Sulaiman ◽  
Muktar Abdulmalik
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Control Group Group

Aim: This study is aimed at evaluating the effects of the aqueous stem bark extract of Stereospermum kunthianum on CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Methodology: Analysis of qualitative phytochemical components and antioxidant activity were carried out. Experimental rats were randomly divided into six groups of five rats each. Group 1: served as the normal control group. Group 2: was administered with CCl4 only at a dose of 3 ml/kg b.wt by single intraperitoneal administration. Group 3: served as the standard control group.   Group 4: was administered with 200 mg/kg b.wt of the aqueous stem bark extract + CCl4. Group 5: was administered with 400 mg/kg b.wt of the aqueous stem bark extract + CCl4. Group 6: was administered with 600 mg/kg b.wt of the aqueous stem bark extract+ CCl4. Results: The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of flavonoid, phenols, saponins, and terpenoid while tannins and alkaloids were absent. The antioxidant activity showed that the extract significantly (P<0.05) inhibits Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS), giving high activity as the concentration of the extract increases. The elevated levels of ALT and AST coupled with Conjugated bilirubin, Total bilirubin, and total protein caused by CCl4 administration were all reduced significantly (P<0.05) by the extract in dose dependent manner. Conclusion: These findings demonstrated that stem bark extract of Stereospernmum kunthianum could be an alternative medication for liver injury.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF ULIN (Eusideroxylon zwageri) STEM BARK EXTRACT ON THE GROWTH OF Candida albicans ON ACRYLIC RESIN DENTURE PLATES

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Annisa Fitri Yuniar ◽  
I Wayan Arya Krishnawan Firdaus ◽  
Rahmad Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Chlorhexidine Gluconate ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Eusideroxylon Zwageri

ABSTRACTBackground: Candida albicans is the main microorganism that causes denture stomatitis, thus denture soaking in cleansing solution is needed to protect them from Candida albicans contamination. The 0.2% Chlorhexidine gluconate is one of denture cleansers that induce side effects at prolonged use. An alternative ingredient that can be used as a denture cleanser is ulin stem bark extract. Objective: To determine the effect of ulin stem bark extract at 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% concentration on the growth of Candida albicans on acrylic resin denture plates. Method: True Experimental with post-test only with control group design was employed under 7 treatment groups consisting ulin stem bark extract at 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% concentration, 0.2% Chlorhexidine gluconate, and aquadest in a total of 28 samples. Acrylic resin samples that had been exposed to Candida albicans weresoaked in respective treatment for 15 minutes. Results: The average of Candida albicans colonies on acrylic resin denture plates after soaking in ulin bark extract at 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% concentration, 0.2% Chlorhexidine gluconate, and aquadest were 29.5 CFU/ml, 13.0 CFU/ml, 0 CFU/ml, 0 CFU/ml, 0 CFU/ml, 0 CFU/ml, and 155 CFU/ml. Based on Mann Whitney test, there was no significant difference when ulin stem bark extract at 60% concentration was compared to 0.2% Chlorhexidine gluoconate. Conclusion: Ulin stem bark extract at 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% concentration have been proven to reduce Candida albicans colonies on acrylic resin denture plates, and the 60% concentration is equivalent to 0.2% Chlorhexidine gluconate.Keywords: Candida albicans,Eusideroxylon zwageri, Heat cured acrylic resin. Ulin stem bark extract.

scholarly journals Antimalarial and Reno-protective Potentials of Combined Stem Bark Extracts of Khaya grandifoliola and Enantia chlorantha in Plasmodium Infected Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Ismaila Olanrewaju Nurain ◽  
◽  
Clement Olatunbosun Bewaji ◽  
Abdulazeez Aderemi Abubakar ◽  
Abdulrazaq Mustapha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Urea Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Group B

Background: Malaria is a worldwide threat, which affects millions of people. Although several antimalarial has been reported, they are either not effective or toxic. This study evaluated the antimalarial efficacy and safety of stem bark aqueous extracts of Khaya grandifoliola (KG) and Enantia chlorantha (EC) in Plasmodium berghie (NK65S) infected Swiss mice. Methods: Forty-two animals were grouped into six groups. Group A (control) comprised uninfected animals given sterile placebo. Group B was infected but untreated. Groups C, D, E, and F were infected and treated with 50 mg/kg artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT), 400 mg/kg body weight of KG, EC, and the combined extracts (200 mg/ml body weight each) respectively. Results: Alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides, phenolics, flavonoids, tannin and saponins were all present in the two extracts. The percentage parasitemia in the treated groups C, D, E, and F was significantly (P˂0.05) reduced from 44%, 24%, 35%, and 31% to 17%, 8%, 9% and 8% respectively. The level of creatinine C (1.33±0.08 g/d), D (2.07±0.15 g/d), E (2.17±0.24 g/d) and F (1.20±0.0.12 g/d) increased significantly (P˂0.05) compared to group A (0.73±0.08 g/d). There was no significant difference in the urea level, potassium and sodium concentrations among all the groups. Conclusion: The efficacy and renal safety of oral administration of aqueous stem bark extract of KG and EC were confirmed. Therefore, the extracts could be used as alternatives to standard drugs in the management of malaria.

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