scholarly journals Utilisation of common leafy vegetables in the diets of giant West African snail Archachatina marginata (Swainson, 1821) (Stylommatophora: Achatinidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 181-187
Author(s):  
Maduabuchi Inwele Amobi ◽  
Bede Izuchukwu Ezewudo
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Shell Length ◽  
Shell Thickness ◽  
West African ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Fluted Pumpkin ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Length Gain ◽  
Pawpaw Leaves

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of utilisation of three leafy vegetable diets (bitter leaf Vernonia amygdalina, fluted pumpkin leaf Telfairia occidentalis and pawpaw leaf Carica papaya) on the growth performance of giant West African snail Archachatina marginata. A total of 90 A. marginata were used for the study. 30 snails were also subjected to three different dietary treatments in three replicates of 10 snails per replicate and fed with the fresh leaves of these vegetables over a period of 12 weeks. Results obtained recorded significant differences (P < 0.05) in terms of weight gain, shell length, shell circumference and shell thickness. On the whole, Archachatina marginata fed on fluted pumpkin leaf performed better in terms of mean weight gain when compared with those fed on bitter and pawpaw leaves. On the other hand, snails fed on pawpaw leaf had the best mean shell length gain, mean shell circumference and mean shell thickness when compared with those fed on bitter and fluted pumpkin leaves. The result clearly showed that the tested leafy vegetables can be successfully utilised as diets for rearing of A. marginata. For farmers to achieve better result, the inclusion of fluted pumpkin and pawpaw leaves in the diets of Archachatina marginata is highly recommended in snail rearing businesses.

Effect of replacing maize with plantain peels on the performance traits and haematological characteristics of African giant land snail

2022 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 001-006
Author(s):  
Yeigba, B Japhet ◽  
Kpun, IP ◽  
Birigeni, D Charity
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Shell Length ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Shell Thickness ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Land Snail ◽  
Land Snails ◽  
Shell Width

The study was carried out at the Niger Delta University, Faculty of Agriculture Teaching and Research Farm, Bayelsa State. A total of Ninety six (96) growing snails (Archachatina marginata). Using Plantain peel as an additive, four diets were formulated at the levels of 0%, 3%, 6%, and 9% to form the treatment diets. The experiment lasted for eight (8) weeks during which the weight gain, feed intake, shell width, shell length, shell thickness and hematological parameters were obtained. The weight gain, shell width, shell length and shell thickness are not significantly different (p<0.05) whereas, the feed intake differed significantly (p<0.05) for all the treatment diets in the experiment. From the results, it was concluded that concentrate with 0% inclusion of Plantain peel meal was suitable for snail diets as it gave the best performance. The hematological parameters measured in the African giant land snails are White blood cell, Neutrophile and Lymphocyte differed significantly (p<0.05). Plantain peel can serve as source of potassium for other animals, as the highest percentage of potassium was found in the hemolymph of snails fed with 9% inclusion of plantain peel. It is recommended that; there should be no inclusion of plantain peels in the diet of the African giant land snails in order to achieve higher weight gain and feed intake.

PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS AND RUMEN MICROBIAL POPULATION OF WEST AFRICAN DWARF SHEEP FED ENZYME SUPPLEMENTED DIETS

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
K. O. YUSUF ◽  
E. OTAMERE ◽  
L. A. OMONIYI ◽  
C. F.I. ONWUKA
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
West African ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
West African Dwarf Sheep ◽  
Dwarf Sheep

A 56-day trial was conducted to determine the effect of exogenous fibrolytic enzyme on growth per-formance and rumen microbial population of West African dwarf sheep. Sixteen growing ewe were randomly subjected to four dietary treatments with four animals per treatment in a completely random-ized design. A total mixed ration was formulated with enzyme included at four levels: 0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 g/kg feed. Performance characteristics and rumen microbial population of the animals were deter-mined. Enzyme additive significantly influenced (P<0.05) weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio. The highest values for total weight gain, and total feed intake were obtained at 0.6g/kg enzyme inclusion level. The feed conversion ratio (12.63) was however lowest (P<0.05) at 0.4g/kg enzyme inclusion. The total bacteria and total fungi counts were also significantly (P<0.05) affected by the dietary treatments. The highest bacteria (4.73×106 cfu/ml) and fungi counts (3.27×106 cfu/ml) were obtained at 0.6g/kg enzyme inclusion level but these values were not significantly different from what was obtained at that of 0.4g/kg enzyme inclusion. Protozoa count was not significantly (P>0.05) af-fected by the dietary treatments. A total of eight bacteria were isolated in the rumen of the animals. It is therefore concluded that the enzyme additive improved the performance and microbial count of sheep when added at 0.4g/kg feed.

scholarly journals Performance evaluation and haematological biochemical parameters of West African dwarf goats fed pineapple waste (Ananas comosus) with or without yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplementation

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-353
Author(s):  
A. O. Adekanbi ◽  
C. F. I. Onwuka ◽  
A. O. Oni ◽  
V. O. A. Ojo ◽  
F. T. Ajayi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
West African ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
West African Dwarf Goats ◽  
Pineapple Waste ◽  
Ruminant Animals ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Dwarf Goats

Pineapple waste (PW) is an agro-industrial by-product containing high fibre and can be harnessed by feeding it to ruminant animals to solve their nutritional problems in Nigeria. A study was conducted to assess the nutritive value of Pineapple (PW) as supplementary feed for ruminant animals during the dry season when grasses are either not available or of low quality. Pineapple waste were collected, sundried and then used for the feeding trial at different inclusion levels of 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% with or without yeast supplementation (WOWYS). Twenty four West African dwarf bucks (between 6.5 and 7.5 kg) were assigned to eight dietary treatments with three bucks per treatment and arranged in 2 x 4 factorial layouts in a completely randomized design over a period of 84days. Data were obtained on growth performance and haematological parameters. Results of performance characteristics showed that average concentrate consumed (257.58 g/day), total weight gain (3.23 kg), metabolic weight gain (2.48W0.75) and daily weight gain (35.88 g/day) of experimental animals were significantly higher (p< 0.05) in goats fed 10% inclusion level WOWYS. Pineapple waste inclusion levels WOWYS significantly (p< 0.05) influenced white blood cell count (WBC), lymphocytes, monocytes and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration across the treatments. The monocytes (3.00%) Neutrophil counts (30.00%) were best and significantly higher (p< 0.05) in goats fed 10% PW inclusion level WOWYS while WBC increased significantly (p< 0.05) across the dietary treatments (9.63 – 11.65 x103/mm3) and were within normal levels expected of healthy goats. It is concluded that dietary inclusion of PW with or without yeast supplementation in concentrate diet up to 10% improved the performance characteristics and haematological blood parameters of West African Dwarf goats without any adverse effects.

scholarly journals Effects of sun-dried mango seed kernel meal on growth performance of giant African snail(Archachatina marginata)

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
C.I. Ebenebe ◽  
D.N. Onunkwo ◽  
W. Amaduruonye ◽  
G. Daniel-Igwe
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Shell Length ◽  
Shell Thickness ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Seed Kernel ◽  
Mango Seed Kernel ◽  
Kernel Meal ◽  
Mango Seed

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of mango seed kernel meal on the growth performance ofArchachatinamarginata fed diets containing varying levels of mango seed kernel meal. A total of hundred and twenty (120) growing snails of similar sizes were randomly assigned to four treatments designated T1 , T2 , T3 and T4 and replicated three times in a completely randomized design (CRD). Each dietary treatment consisted of thirty (30) snails per treatment with ten (10) snails per replicate. The mango seed kernel meal used as test ingredient were collected, cracked and the kernel sundried for two weeks after which it was milled into a fine powder. Four experimental diets were formulated to meet the nutrient requirements of snails included at 0% mango seed kernel meal (T1 ), 5% mango seed kernel meal (T2 ), 10% mango seed kernel meal (T3 ) and 15% mango seed kernel meal (T4 ) respectively. T served as the control. The snails were fed once a day during the evening hours and adequately managed during this period. The feeding trial lasted for eight weeks. Proximate composition of the mango seed kernel meal and the experimental diets were conducted to determine the nutrient contents of the mango seed kernel meal and that of the experimental diet. The feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), weight gain, shell length, shell aperture circumference, shell circumference, suture increase, shell thickness and specific growth rate were monitored and recorded. The data collected were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that there were no significant (P0.05) differences on the feed intake (29.58g in T1 to 27.54g in T4 ),weight gain (10.14g in T1 to 9.50g T2 ), shell length (9.17cmin T2 to 9.03 cmin T1 ), shell aperture (6.50cm in T2 to 6.35cm in T1 ), shell circumference (10.88cm in T2 to 10.65cm in T4 ), suture (3.37cm in T4 to 3.33cm in T2 ), shell thickness (2.22cm in T1 to 1.94cm in T2 ) and specific growth rate. Therefore, it could be concluded that mango seed kernel meal can be included up to 15% in the diet of Archachatina marginata without any adverse effect on their growth performance.

SOLVING THE PUZZLE OF THE BIVALVE SHELL FRAGMENT: INFERRING THE ORIGINAL ABUNDANCE AND SIZE FREQUENCY FROM THE FRAGMENTED RECORD

Palaios ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 432-445
Author(s):  
ERIC N. POWELL
Keyword(s):  
Shell Model ◽  
Shell Length ◽  
Shell Thickness ◽  
Conservative Estimate ◽  
Potential Donor ◽  
Size Frequency ◽  
Shell Fragment ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Bivalve Shell ◽  
Original Size

ABSTRACT Much of the contribution of bivalves to paleoecology is based on the fraction preserved whole. The use of fragments has been limited by the inability to reconstruct the whole shell. For this study, shells of selected species were broken, metrics obtained for shell reconstruction, and a stepwise model developed and tested to evaluate the potential of reconstructing whole shells from fragments. The model is based on the facts that shell thickness is well correlated with shell length, width, and weight, that fragments can be assigned to shell areas, and that each shell area can be matched to a potential donor shell by combinations of length, width, and weight. Simulations using the model show that shell reconstructions are feasible and that the size frequency can be reconstructed more accurately than the number of shells. If all fragments are preserved, shell number tends to be modestly overestimated. Assuming fragment loss, the shell number estimated will be a conservative estimate of original abundance. Reconstructed size frequencies did not differ significantly from the original size frequencies of the whole shells even if 40% of the fragments were not preserved. Biovolume, consequently, may also be estimable. Standardly, bivalve fragments are enumerated by counting intact umbos. If all fragments are preserved, this approach is preferable, as shell model reconstructions overestimate abundance under that circumstance. However, the expectation that fragments with intact umbos are uniquely well preserved is unrealistic and if fragment loss has occurred, relying on all fragments may provide an improved estimate of the original abundance and, in addition, an estimate of the size frequency and the latter proves to be robust even with 40% of the fragments lost.

Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass and economic characteristics of turkey poults fed millet-based diets as a replacement for maize

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
A. A. Malik ◽  
M. J. Ibrahim ◽  
Y. S. Kudu ◽  
O. P. Jibogun ◽  
Y. J. Adeniyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Turkey Poults ◽  
Dietary Treatments

A nine (9) weeks feeding trial was conducted on seventy two (72) day-old Indigenous turkey poults raised on deep litter to determine their growth performance, carcass and economic characteristics when fed three dietary treatments (T1, T2, and T3, containing 0%, 25% and 50% replacement of maize with millet respectively. The birds were divided into three replicates of 8 birds per replicate; making a total of 24 birds per treatment. At the end of the & week, 4 birds per replicate were transferred to specially-designed metabolism cages for a digestibility study involving the collection of faecal droppings; while at the end of the week of the experiments, two birds per replicate were randomly selected and slaughtered to determine their carcass characteristics. Turkey poults fed millet at 25 %replacement showed significantly (p<0.05) higher body weight gain, lower cost of feed per kg live weight gain and higher revenue generated per bird; but there were no significant (p>0.05) differences in the performance of birds on 0% and 50 % replacements for those parameters. Also, there were no significant (p>0.05) differences in feed intake and mortality across the treatments. Similarly, there were no significant (p>0.05) differences in nutrient digestibilities and carcass characteristics of the birds among the various dietary treatments. Therefore, it can be concluded hat millet cam be used to replace maize up to S0 % in the diets of turkey poults at the starter phase with no detrimental effects on their performance

Effect of an acidifier as replacement for antibiotics on the performance and gut morphology of broilers

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
BA Makanjuola ◽  
OO Obi ◽  
TO Olorungbohunmi ◽  
OA Morakinyo ◽  
BA Boladuro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Gut Morphology ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Small Intestines ◽  
Dietary Treatments

An experiment was conducted to determine the influence of an acidifier as an alternative to antibiotics on the performance and gut morphology of broiler chickens. One hundred and eighty (180) 7-day old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 3 dietary treatments of 4 replicates each. Each replicate had 15 birds. The diets fed to the birds were: Treatment 1- diet with neither antibiotic nor acidifier; Treatment 2- diet with antibiotic and Treatment 3- diet with acidifier. The antibiotic used was Enrofloxacin which was administered to the birds on Treatment 2 via their drinking water while the acidifier used was Biotronic SE (a combination of propionic and formic acids) which was added to the diet of birds on Treatment 3 at the rate of 4kg/tonne of feed. The experiment lasted 42 days. No significant differences were observed in the feed intake, final weight and weight gain of the birds on the different diets. Significant differences were however observed in the villus height in the duodenum and ileum of the birds. The crypt depth values in the different segments of the small intestines of the birds were not significantly affected by the different treatments.Key words: Organic acids, Biotronic SE, Enrofloxacin, Crypt, villus.

scholarly journals Effects of low-pH stress on shell traits of the dove snail, <i>Anachis misera</i>, inhabiting shallow-vent environments off Kueishan Islet, Taiwan

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2631-2639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. J. Chen ◽  
J. Y. Wu ◽  
C. T. A. Chen ◽  
L. L. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Shell Length ◽  
Shell Thickness ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Shell Shape ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Shell Width ◽  
T1 And T2 ◽  
Body Whorl ◽  
Protein Expression Profiles

Abstract. The effects of naturally acidified seawater on shell traits were quantified through the comparison of dove snails (Family: Columbellidae) Anachis misera from vent environments with Euplica sp. from non-vent sites in northeastern Taiwan. Samples of A. misera were collected around a shallow vent (24.8341° N, 121.96191° E), which included the east, south, southwest, and northwest sites. An absence of Anachis snails was found in the most acidic north site (pH 7.19–7.25). Based on the similarities of protein expression profiles, the Anachis snails were classified into two groups, i.e., V-South (pH 7.78–7.82) and V-Rest (pH 7.31–7.83). Comparing their shell traits to the non-vent Euplica sp. from Da-xi (DX) and Geng-fang (GF) (pH 8.1–8.2), a difference in shell shape (shell width : shell length) was found, with the populations having more globular shells than the non-vent ones. The means of shell width were significantly different among sites (p < 0.01), with a descending order of GF > DX > V-South and V-Rest. The relationships of shell length to total weight were curvilinear for both Anachis and Euplica snails. The logarithmically transformed slopes differed significantly among sites, and the mean body weight of the GF population was greater than that of the others (p < 0.01). Positive correlations between shell length and shell thickness of body whorl (T1) and penultimate whorl (T2) were only observed in non-vent GF and DX populations. Anachis snails from vent sites were thinner in T1 and T2 compared to the Euplica snails from non-vent sites (p < 0.05). Within each vent group, shell thickness between T1 and T2 was insignificantly different. Between vent groups, T1 and T2 from V-Rest showed a decrease of 10.6 and 10.2%, respectively, compared to V-South ones. The decrease of T1 and T2 between vent Anachis snails and non-vent Euplica snails was as great as 55.6 and 29.0%, respectively. This was the first study to compare snail's morphological traits under varying shallow-vent stresses with populations previously classified by biochemical responses. Overall, the shallow-vent-based findings provide additional information from subtropics on the effects of acidified seawater on gastropod snails in natural environments.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE UTILIZATION OF COOKED SOYBEANS AND FISHMEAL-GROUNDNUT CAKE MIXTURE IN DIETS

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-149
Author(s):  
J. A. Agunbiade ◽  
A. B. Odufuwa
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Groundnut Cake ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Methionine Supplementation ◽  
Dietary Treatments

A 4 week experiment involving 45 growing albino rats was carried out to assess the nutritional utilization of cooked full-fat soybean (CFFS) as a major source of dietary protein relative to that of the protein concentrates fishmeal-groundnut cake mixture and the response to supplementation of the cooked soybeans with 2g DL-methionine/kg diet and/or 2g L-lysine/kg diet. Feed intake (FI), average daily weight gain (DLG),. feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and feed cost (FC) per unit live-weight gain, (FC/WG) were measured, No significant effect of the various dietary treatments was observed on PER and FCIWG. However, the incorporation of CFFS either alone or in conjunction with either of both lysine and methionine significantly improved Fl and FCR (P< 0.05) and also DLG (P< 0.01) over the control fish-groundnut meal ration. Supplementation of CFFS with lysine either alone or along with methionine appeared unwarranted as methionine supplementation alone resulted in similar or slightly better efficiency of protein (0.247) and overall feed (0.596) utilization. From the results obtained, it appears that maize-based CFFS diet supplemented with 2 g/kg DL-methionine may be applicable for lion- ruminant feeding. However, since this level of methionine supplementation only provides for 67% of rat requirement, it is suggested that further studies with higher methionine levels be conducted.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Bungkil Kelapa Sawit Segar (BKS) dan Fermentasi (BKSF) Terhadap Kualitas Fisik Telur Itik

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arif Pranata
Keyword(s):  
Shell Thickness ◽  
Mass Shell ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Palm Kernel Cake ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Range Test ◽  
Haugh Unit

This research was conducted to utilize fresh and fermented palm kernel cake in the ducks diets on egg physical quality. One hundred and five laying ducks were randomly devided in to five diets treatments in three replications with seven laying ducks each the dietary treatments were K = control, was diet without palm kernel cake, BKS 10 and BKS 30 diets with addition 10 % and 30 % fresh palm kernel cake, BKSF 10 and BKSF 30 diets with addition 10 % and 30 % fermented palm kernel cake. The data collected were egg mass, shell thickness, Haugh Unit and yolk colour and will be analyzed by a one way classification of variance analysis (CRD), followed by testing the significant mean by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed the egg mass, shell thickness, and HU had not significant different and egg mass were (64,74, 65,71, 67,22, 65,39, 63,52 g), shell thickness were (0,47, 0,49, 0,44, 0,48, 0,45 mm), Haught Unit were (86,81, 87,44, 90,94, 88,15, 88,08 %). Yolk colour had significant different between the treatment (9.31, 9,72, 9,81, 10,69, 10,74). It be concluded that the utilization 30% of fresh and fermented palm kernel cake in feed duck had not increase egg mass, shell tickness, and haugh unit, except on yolk colour. Key words :Fermentation, Egg Quality, Laying Duck, Palm kernel cake

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document