scholarly journals Bioinvasion of Tradescantia zebrina Heynh. (Commelinaceae) in uplands, State of Paraíba, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Brígida Candeia Ribeiro ◽  
Juliano Ricardo Fabricante ◽  
Manoel Bandeira de Albuquerque
Keyword(s):  
Root Biomass ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Environmental Preservation ◽  
Invader Species ◽  
Evaluation Time ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Adequate Management

The study of invader species and their consequences to the environment represents an important reinforcement to the knowledge of environmental preservation. This work aimed to evaluate the invasive aspects of Tradescantia zebrina Heynh., subsidizing information to their adequate management or control. The study area is compound by a Open Ombrophylous Forest in the Municipality of Areia, Paraíba State, Brazil. The evaluated variables were populational density, biomass, biometry, invasion velocity and impacts of species under resilience of native vegetation. The results found density of 627 +/- 16 individuals/m2, (mean +/- standard deviation), 25.9 +/- 68 cm length and 0.21 +/- 0.03 cm de diameter with positive relationship between both variables (r = 0.24; t = 2.4; p = 0.02) and biomass of 16.9 g (leaves), 10.6 g (stems) and 1.3 g (roots) for each 100 sampled individuals, being that in each m2, reached to have 18.8 +/- 5,1 g leaf biomass, 22.4 +/- 7.6 g stem biomass and 3.4 +/- 1.3 g root biomass. The population showed a rapid expansion occupying 0.30 +/- 0.09 m2 after seven days and 0.51 +/- 0.15 m2 in eighty four days. Parcels without the invader species (SE) showed expansive accumulation of individuals throughout the evaluation time, while in the parcels with the species (CE) the number of individuals exhibit few changes (p = 0.021 and H = 5.327). The results exhibit the biological invasion in the UFPB Campus II by T. zebrina, represents a threat to the local biodiversity due to its aggressive invasive behavior.

Changes in growth, leaf abscission, and biomass associated with seasonal tropospheric ozone exposures of Populustremuloides clones and seedlings

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.F. Karnosky ◽  
Z.E. Gagnon ◽  
R.E. Dickson ◽  
M.D. Coleman ◽  
J.G. Isebrands ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Wave Exposure ◽  
Leaf Abscission ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Upper Peninsula ◽  
Square Wave

The effects of single-season tropospheric ozone (O3) exposures on growth, leaf abscission, and biomass of trembling aspen (Populustremuloides Michx.) rooted cuttings and seedlings were studied. Plants were grown in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan in open-top chambers with O3 exposures that ranged from 7 to 92 ppm-h. Depending on the genotype, total seasonal O3 exposure in the range of 50–92 ppm-h had negative impacts on stem, retained leaf, and root biomass accumulation and on diameter growth. Leaf abscission generally increased with increasing O3 exposure and was the principal cause of the decrease in leaf biomass of the O3-treated plants. Considerable genetic variation in O3 responses occurred, as shown by differences in sensitivities among clones and among seedlings. However, the responses to O3 of rooted cuttings and seedlings were similar when seedling means were compared with clonal means for leaf abscission, diameter growth, retained leaf biomass, and root biomass. Comparison of a single square-wave treatment (52 ppm-h) with 70 and 92 ppm-h episodic exposures suggested that the plant response to the square-wave exposure was similar to the response to the highest episodic exposure even though the 92 ppm-h episodic exposure was almost twice the square-wave exposure. Our results are consistent with previous studies that show that P. tremuloides is highly responsive to O3 exposure and this response has a strong genetic component.

scholarly journals Comparative Population Genetics of Two Korean Aedes Mosquito Species with Vector Potential based on Mitochondrial DNA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiyeong Shin ◽  
Jongwoo Jung
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Vector Control ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Korean Peninsula ◽  
Mismatch Distribution ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Abstract Background: Mosquitoes of the genus Aedes are important invasive species contributing to the spread of chikungunya, dengue fever, yellow fever, Zika virus, and other dangerous vector-borne diseases. Aedes albopictus is native to southeast Asia with rapid expansion due to human activity, showing a wide distribution in the Korean peninsula. Aedes flavopictus is considered to be native to East Asia with a broad distribution in the region, including in the Korean peninsula. Gaining a better understanding of the genetic diversity of these species is critical for establishing strategies for disease prevention and vector control. Methods: We obtained DNA from 148 specimens of Ae. albopictus and 166 specimens of Ae. flavopictus in Korea, and amplified two mitochondrial genes (COI and ND5) to compare the genetic diversity and structure of the two species.Results: We obtained a 658-bp sequence of COI and a 423-bp sequence of ND5 from the two mosquito species. We found low diversity and an insignificant population genetic structure in Ae. albopictus, and high diversity and an insignificant structure in Ae. flavopictus for these two mitochondrial genes. Ae. albopictus had less haplotypes with respect to the number of individuals, and a slight mismatch distribution was confirmed. By contrast, Ae. flavopictus had a large number of haplotypes compared with the number of individuals, and a large unimodal-type mismatch distribution was confirmed. Although the genetic structure of both species was insignificant, Ae. flavopictus exhibited higher genetic diversity than Ae. albopictus.Conclusions: Ae. albopictus appears to be an introduced species, whereas Ae. flavopictus is an endemic species to the Korean peninsula, and the difference in genetic diversity between the two species is related to their adaptability and introduction history. As an endemic species, Ae. flavopictus is likely to have a larger population size than expected. Further studies on the genetic structure and diversity of these two mosquito species will provide useful data for vector control.

scholarly journals Efecto de medicamentos homeopáticos en plantas de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Fernando Abasolo Pacheco ◽  
Boris Bonilla Montalván ◽  
Cesar Bermeo Toledo ◽  
Yarelys Ferrer Sánchez ◽  
Andy Jafet Ramirez Castillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Biomass ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Development Stages

Agrochemical use in horticultural cultivations generates negative effects, thus the need for searching to decrease or eliminate its use by means of other less toxic techniques. Agricultural homeopathy represents an alternative for ecological agriculture, impacting positively in cultivation development. The effect of four homeopathic medicines for human use were assessed in two centesimal dynamizations (7CH and 13CH) [(Silicea Terra (SiT), Natrum muriaticum (NaM), Zincum phosphoricum (ZiP) and Phosphoricum acidum (PhA)], and a control treatment (distilled water) on tomato plant germination, emergence, and initial development. The treatments were established under a randomized complete block design with three repiclates. Germination and emergence rate and percentage and morphometric variables (plant height, radicle length, dry and wet weight) were assessed, including the variables in stem diameter and wet and dry leaf weight, number of branches, leaves, and buds in the vegetative development stage. Signif icant differences were observed in all the morphometric variables assessed in function of the different development stages, homeopathic medicines, and their different dynamizations. During germination, greater growth in stem length was observed with ZiP-7CH (5.5 ± 0.98 cm) compared to the control group (4.3 ± 1.10 cm). During the emergence stage, the treatments SiT-7CH (6.6 ± 1.11 cm) and ZiP-7CH (5.9 ± 1.41 cm) increased stem length signif icantly whereas with PhA-7CH, the best effects were obtained in the variables assessed during the vegetative development stage, LT (94 ± 8.31 cm), leaf number (No hojas) (131 ± 27.71), fresh stem biomass (BFT) (17.20 ± 2.45 g), wet leaf biomass (BFH) (30 ± 7.72 g), dry leaf biomass (BSH) (2 ± 0.61 g), fresh root biomass (BFR) (10 ± 6.26 g), dry root biomass (BSR) (1 ± 0.43 g), and number of flower buds (No H) (6 ± 7.10). The homeopathic medicines applied impacted positively during the initial and vegetative development stages of tomato under controlled conditions. This research study represents and advance in the sustainable management of tomato cultivation.

scholarly journals Penggunaan Limbah Baglog Tiram dan Jenis Nutrisi Terhadap Pakcoy Pada Hidroponik Substrat

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Retno Bandriyati Arni Putri ◽  
Trijono Djoko Sulistyo ◽  
Chairul Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Oyster Mushroom ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Random Design

<p>The increase of oyster mushroom farmers in wonogiri will be impact immediately on increasing waste baglog. One of the utilization is to be medium on hydroponic substrate for growing mustard greens and it will combined with charcoal and various types of nutrients. The research was conducted from October to December 2015 at the Greenhouse C and Laboratory EMPT UNS.the research employed completely random design (CRD) with two factor that is ratio of medium and various types of nutrients. The result of research showed that interaction between ratio of medium and various types affected significantly  the parameters of leaf area, leaf fresh weight and leaf biomass. Root fresh weight, root volume, root length and root biomass is only influenced by the type of nutrition with the ab mix is the most good in improving and supplying nutrients</p>

scholarly journals Sarsina violascens spatial and temporal distributions affected by native vegetation strips in eucalyptus plantations

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 703-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Cola Zanuncio ◽  
Wagner de Souza Tavares ◽  
Francisco de Sousa Ramalho ◽  
Germano Leão Demolin Leite ◽  
José Eduardo Serrão
Keyword(s):  
Contact Zone ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distributions ◽  
Eucalyptus Plantations ◽  
Eucalyptus Cloeziana ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate spatial and temporal distributions of Sarsina violascens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Lymantriinae) in two Eucalyptus cloeziana plantations, one with native vegetation strips (WNVS) and another without them (ONVS). Adults were collected with light traps, which were installed: inside an area of native vegetation (Cerrado), 100 m from the edge; at the contact zone between the native vegetation area and the E. cloeziana plantation; inside the E. cloeziana plantation, 250 m from the edge; at the central part of the native vegetation strip, around 500 m from the edge (WNVS) or in the contact zone between two E. cloeziana compartments (ONVS); and inside the E. cloeziana plantation, 500 m from the edge. The number of S. violascens adults collected was 240 in the system WNVS and 1,378 in the system ONVS. The lower number of individuals in the system WNVS was probably due to favored biological control provided by higher species richness with the use of native vegetation strips. These strips, intermingled with E. cloeziana plantations, allow a higher proportion of native forest in the landscape and can help to reduce S. violascens infestations.

scholarly journals DEDEYOLU GÖLETİ (ELAZIĞ–TÜRKİYE) ZOOPLANKTONU

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 143-154
Author(s):  
Serap Saler
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Keratella Cochlearis ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Richness Index ◽  
Number Of Individuals

In this study, it is aimed to determine the zooplankton and species diversity of Dedeyolu Pond. Zooplankton samples were taken from 3 stations in monthly periods between May 2011 and April 2012. In the research, 17 species belonging to Rotifera, 6 species belonging to Cladocera and 2 species belonging to Copepoda were identified in Dedeyolu Pond. Among all zooplankton, it was represented Rotifera with 81%, Cladocera with 14% and Copepoda with 5%. Species diversity reached its highest value in April (H'=2.34) in the 3rd station, and the Margalef species richness index value reached its highest value in the first station (D=3.84) in October. There were a strong positive correlation between the number of individuals and the temperature in Dedeyolu Pond (r=0.674), a weak positive relationship between the number of individuals and the pH value (r=0.370), and a weak positive relationship between the number of individuals and the dissolved oxygen value (r=0.290). Keratella cochlearis species was recorded as the dominant species in all seasons in the pond.

Flooding tolerance in five populations of Lotus glaber Mill. (Syn. Lotus tenuis Waldst. et. Kit.)

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 555 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. R. Vignolio ◽  
O. N. Fernández ◽  
N. O. Maceira
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Flooding Tolerance ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Flooding Pampa ◽  
Morphological Adaptations ◽  
Stem Leaf ◽  
Lotus Glaber

Lotus glaber Mill. is a herbaceous legume, tolerant to flooding, that in a few decades has colonised the Flooding Pampa grasslands, an extensive wetland of 90 000 km in central-east Argentina. In this study, the growth and nodulation of flooded plants in 5 local populations were evaluated. Thirty-day-old seedlings, grown in pots, were flooded outdoors during 4 months. Stem, leaf, and root biomass, as well as the number of nodules per plant, were lower in flooded plants than in non-flooded ones. In flooded plants, the submerged portions of stems were hypertrophied and populations differed in the proportion of plants with adventitious roots. Flood tolerance was significantly related to the proportion of plants with adventitious roots in stems of each population. A positive relationship was shown between the proportion of plants with adventitious root and number of nodules per plant. The plants were also tolerant of low temperatures and ice-sheeting of water. These results underline the importance of morphological adaptations related to the maintenance of plant functionality under flooding conditions. The results provide evidence of the existence of characters related to flooding tolerance, which should be taken into account in ecological studies and agronomic selection programs

scholarly journals Implementing Brazil’s Forest Code: a vital contribution to securing forests and conserving biodiversity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Catherine Brock ◽  
Andy Arnell ◽  
Will Simonson ◽  
Aline C. Soterroni ◽  
Aline Mosnier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Environmental Preservation ◽  
Forest Code ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Change Mitigation

AbstractMeeting Brazil’s ambitious national commitments on both climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation depends on securing its reserves of forest carbon and biodiversity. Brazil’s ‘Forest Code’ is a key tool to reconcile environmental preservation and agricultural production; it limits deforestation and requires forest restoration in illegally deforested areas. However, not all provisions of the law’s 2012 revision have yet been implemented and some are facing new challenges. Using modelled land use change projections for the whole of the country, we show that full implementation and enforcement of the law has the potential to contribute to conserving biodiversity. Biodiversity outcomes will be especially positive if (i) deforested areas are restored in ways that support recolonization by native species and (ii) additional measures are implemented to protect native vegetation in areas like Caatinga dry forests and Cerrado savannas, which may experience added pressure displaced from other regions by Forest Code implementation.

scholarly journals Shade avoidance cues reduce Beta vulgaris growth

Weed Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Schambow ◽  
Albert T. Adjesiwor ◽  
Louise Lorent ◽  
Andrew R. Kniss
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Resource Competition ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Shade Avoidance ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Reflected Light

AbstractField and greenhouse experiments were conducted from 2013 to 2015 at the University of Wyoming to evaluate the response of Beta vulgaris (L.) to reflected-light quality. Large-pail field studies included a factorial arrangement of three varieties of B. vulgaris (sugar beet, table beet, and Swiss chard) and reflected-light treatments (using either colored plastic mulch, grass, or bare-soil controls). Greenhouse studies included sugar beet as influenced by either grass or soil surroundings. In all studies, grass was grown in separate containers from B. vulgaris, so there was no root interaction. Grass was clipped regularly to prevent shading and competition for sunlight. Reflected light from different-colored plastic mulches (red, blue, green, black, clear) did not affect B. vulgaris growth. However, reflected light from the grass reduced the number of leaves in all B. vulgaris varieties such that there were 10 to 14 fewer leaves in B. vulgaris surrounded by grass compared with the soil treatment at 90 d after planting in the field study. Shade avoidance cues from surrounding grass reduced B. vulgaris total leaf area by 49% to 66%, leaf biomass by 21% to 30%, and root biomass by 70% to 72%. Similar results were observed in greenhouse experiments, where the grass treatment reduced sugar beet leaf biomass by 48% to 57% and root biomass by 35% to 64%. Shade avoidance cues have the potential to significantly reduce B. vulgaris yield, even in the absence of direct resource competition from weeds.

scholarly journals Comparative population genetics of the invasive mosquito Aedes albopictus and the native mosquito Aedes flavopictus in the Korean peninsula

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiyeong Shin ◽  
Jongwoo Jung
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Vector Control ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Korean Peninsula ◽  
Mismatch Distribution ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Abstract Background Aedes mosquitoes are important invasive species contributing to the spread of chikungunya, dengue fever, yellow fever, zika virus, and other dangerous vector-borne diseases. Aedes albopictus is native to southeast Asia, with rapid expansion due to human activity, showing a wide distribution in the Korean peninsula. Aedes flavopictus is considered to be native to East Asia, with a broad distribution in the region, including the Korean peninsula. A better understanding of the genetic diversity of these species is critical for establishing strategies for disease prevention and vector control. Methods We obtained DNA from 148 specimens of Ae. albopictus and 166 specimens of Ae. flavopictus in Korea, and amplified two mitochondrial genes (COI and ND5) to compare the genetic diversity and structure of the two species. Results We obtained a 658-bp sequence of COI and a 423-bp sequence of ND5 from both mosquito species. We found low diversity and a nonsignificant population genetic structure in Ae. albopictus, and high diversity and a nonsignificant structure in Ae. flavopictus for these two mitochondrial genes. Aedes albopictus had fewer haplotypes with respect to the number of individuals, and a slight mismatch distribution was confirmed. By contrast, Ae. flavopictus had a large number of haplotypes compared with the number of individuals, and a large unimodal-type mismatch distribution was confirmed. Although the genetic structure of both species was nonsignificant, Ae. flavopictus exhibited higher genetic diversity than Ae. albopictus. Conclusions Aedes albopictus appears to be an introduced species, whereas Ae. flavopictus is endemic to the Korean peninsula, and the difference in genetic diversity between the two species is related to their adaptability and introduction history. Further studies on the genetic structure and diversity of these mosquitos will provide useful data for vector control.

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