scholarly journals Diversity of human African trypanosomiasis epidemiological settings requires fine-tuning control strategies to facilitate disease elimination

2013 ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Franco ◽  
Pere Simarro ◽  
Diarra ◽  
Ruiz Postigo ◽  
Jannin
Keyword(s):  
Human African Trypanosomiasis ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
African Trypanosomiasis ◽  
Disease Elimination

scholarly journals Economic evaluation of disease elimination: an extension to the net benefits framework and application to human African trypanosomiasis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Antillon ◽  
Ching-I Huang ◽  
Kat S Rock ◽  
Fabrizio Tediosi
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Human African Trypanosomiasis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
African Trypanosomiasis ◽  
Disease Elimination ◽  
Global Health Community ◽  
Health Community ◽  
Net Benefits ◽  
The Cost

The net benefits framework has become a mainstay of the cost-effectiveness literature, guiding decision-makers to select among strategies in the presence of budget constraints and imperfect information. However, disease elimination programs are socially desirable but not always cost-effective. Therefore, analytical frameworks are necessary to consider the additional premium for reaching global goals that are beyond the cost-effective use of country resources. We propose a modification to the net benefits framework to consider the implications of switching from an optimal strategy (in terms of cost-per-burden-averted) to a strategy with a higher likelihood of meeting the global target (i.e. elimination of transmission by a specified date). Our expanded framework informs decisions under uncertainty, determines the share of funding necessary to align local and global priorities, enabling local partners to use their resources efficiently while cooperating to meet global health targets. We illustrate the advantages of our framework by considering the economic case of efforts to eliminate transmission by 2030 of gambiense human African trypanosomiasis (gHAT), a vector-borne parasitic disease in West and Central Africa. Significance Statement Various diseases have now been earmarked for elimination by the global health community. While the health economic implications of elimination have been discussed before, one important topic remains unexplored: uncertainty and its consideration within extant cost-effectiveness frameworks. Here we extend the ubiquitous net benefits framework to consider the comparative efficiency of alternative elimination strategies when these strategies have different probabilities of reaching elimination. We evaluate the premium of elimination, and we apply our method to efforts against human African trypanosomiasis in three settings. This method could be directly applied to simulation-based studies of the cost-effectiveness of other disease elimination efforts, therefore giving the global health community a common metric by which to budget for such initiatives.

scholarly journals Does a One Health Approach to Human African Trypanosomiasis Control Hasten Elimination? A Stochastic Compartmental Modeling Approach

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julianne Meisner ◽  
Agapitus Kato ◽  
Marshall Lemerani ◽  
Erick Mwamba Miaka ◽  
Acaga Ismail Taban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Human African Trypanosomiasis ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Compartmental Modeling ◽  
African Trypanosomiasis ◽  
Insecticide Treatment ◽  
Animal Reservoirs

Abstract Background: In response to large strides in the control of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), in the early 2000s the WHO set targets for elimination of both the gambiense (gHAT) and rhodesiense (rHAT) forms as a public health (EPHP) problem by 2020, and elimination of gHAT transmisson (EOT) by 2030. While global EPHP targets have been met, and EOT appears within reach, there is ample evidence that current control strategies will not achieve gHAT EOT in the presence of animal reservoirs, the role of which is currently uncertain. Furthermore, rHAT is not targeted for EOT due to the known importance of animal reservoirs for this form. Methods: To evaluate the utility of a One Health approach to gHAT and rHAT EOT, we built and parameterized a compartmental stochastic model, using the Institute for Disease Modeling's Compartmental Modeling Software, to six HAT epidemics: the national rHAT epidemics in Uganda and Malawi, the national gHAT epidemics in Uganda and South Sudan, and two separate gHAT epidemics in Democratic Republic of Congo distinguished by dominant vector species. In rHAT foci the reservoir animal sub-model was stratified on four species groups, while in gHAT foci domestic swine were assumed to be the only competent reservoir. The modeled time horizon was 2005-2045, with calibration performed using HAT surveillance data from 2000-2004 and Optuna. Interventions included insecticide and trypanocide treatment of domestic animal reservoirs at varying coverage levels. Results: Validation against HAT surveillance data indicates favorable performance overall, with the possible exception of DRC. EOT was not observed in any modeled scenarios for rHAT, however insecticide treatment consistently performed better than trypanocide treatment in terms of rHAT control. EOT was not observed for gHAT at 0% coverage of domestic reservoirs with trypanocides or insecticides, but was observed by 2030 in all test scenarios; again, insecticides demonstrated superior performance to trypanocides. Conclusions: EOT cannot be achieved for rHAT without control of wildlife reservoirs, however insecticide treatment of domestic animals holds promise for improved control. In the presence of domestic animal reservoirs, gHAT EOT will not be achieved under current control strategies.

The Inhibition of Cysteine Proteases Rhodesain and TbCatB: A Valuable Approach to Treat Human African Trypanosomiasis

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (17) ◽  
pp. 1374-1391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Ettari ◽  
Santo Previti ◽  
Lucia Tamborini ◽  
Gregorio Cullia ◽  
Silvana Grasso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human African Trypanosomiasis ◽  
Cysteine Proteases ◽  
African Trypanosomiasis

Recent Updates on Development of Drug Molecules for Human African Trypanosomiasis

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (20) ◽  
pp. 2245-2265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajmer Singh Grewal ◽  
Deepti Pandita ◽  
Shashikant Bhardwaj ◽  
Viney Lather
Keyword(s):  
Human African Trypanosomiasis ◽  
African Trypanosomiasis ◽  
Drug Molecules

New Pd-Fe ferrocenyl antiparasitic compounds with bioactive 8-hydroxyquinoline ligands: a comparative study with their Pt-Fe analogues

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feriannys Rivas ◽  
Andrea Medeiros ◽  
Cristina Quiroga ◽  
Diego Benítez ◽  
Marcelo Comini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei ◽  
Human African Trypanosomiasis ◽  
African Trypanosomiasis

In the search for a more effective chemotherapy for the treatment of Human African Trypanosomiasis, the disease caused by the parasite Trypanosoma brucei, the development of ferrocenyl compounds has arisen...

Human African trypanosomiasis: Potential therapeutic benefits of an alternative suramin and melarsoprol regimen

2002 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank W Jennings ◽  
Jean Rodgers ◽  
Barbara Bradley ◽  
George Gettinby ◽  
Peter G.E Kennedy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human African Trypanosomiasis ◽  
African Trypanosomiasis ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits
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