scholarly journals Mothers’ Handwashing Knowledge as a Predictor of Diarrheal Disease Among Under-Five Children Visiting Pediatric Ward in University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019

2019 ◽  
Vol Volume 10 ◽  
pp. 189-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zewudu Andualem ◽  
Henok Dagne ◽  
Asefa Adimasu Taddese ◽  
Baye Dagnew
Keyword(s):  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Pediatric Ward ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Specialized Hospital

scholarly journals Diarrhea Prevention Practice and Associated Factors among Caregivers of Under-Five Children in Enemay District, Northwest Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melese Dubie Agegnehu ◽  
Liknaw Bewket Zeleke ◽  
Yitayal Ayalew Goshu ◽  
Yonas Lamore Ortibo ◽  
Yohannes Mehretie Adinew
Keyword(s):  
Family Size ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

Background. Diarrhea is the leading cause of mortality among infants and children younger than 5 years of age in both underdeveloped and developing countries. Factors determining the occurrence of diarrhea in children are complex, and the relative contribution of each factor varies as a function of interaction between socioeconomic, environmental, and behavioral variables. Objectives. To assess diarrhea prevention practice and associated factors of diarrheal disease among caregivers who have under-five children in Enemay district, Ethiopia, 2018. Methods. Community-based cross-sectional study was done from June 1–30, 2018, among 398 caregivers who have under-five children, in the Enemay district that were selected by using the simple random sampling technique. A structured and pretested data collection tool was used to collect the data. Data were entered using EPI DATA version 4.2, and analysis was done using SPSS version 20 statistical package to be cleaned and analyzed. Descriptive analysis was done to describe study participants, and logistic regression (bivariable and multivariable) analysis was done to identify factors that have association with the dependent variable. The P value was less than 0.05. Results. A total of 398 with a response rate of 97% under-five caregivers were participated in this study. Nearly, half (48.7%) of the participants were in the age group 25–34. The study revealed that good practice of diarrhea prevention was 52.8%. This study was also identified that occupation (AOR: 3.922, 95% CI: 1.593, 9.657), family size (AOR: 0.088, 95% CI: 0.009, 0.916), and understanding on diarrhea (AOR: 0.237, 95% CI: 0.091, 0.613) were associated factors of diarrhea prevention practice of under-five children caregivers. Conclusion. This finding showed that diarrhea prevention practice among under-five children caregivers was low and prevention practice was significantly associated with caregivers’ awareness on frequency of diarrhea in a day, occupation, and family size in a house.

scholarly journals Diarrhea Prevalence and Associated Factors Among Under-Five Children in the Periphery Area of Azezo Sub-City, Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia: A community Based Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bikes Destaw Bitew ◽  
Atalay Getachew ◽  
Jember Azanaw
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

Abstract Background Although there has been a global decrease in childhood diarrheal disease in parallel with improvements in the standard of living, it still remains a significant public health problem that occurs due to poor WASH status and other related factors that cause massive childhood morbidity and mortality particularly in sub-Saharan Africa countries including Ethiopia. Objective To assess diarrheal disease prevalence and associated factors among under-five children in periphery area of Azezo sub-city, Gondar, northwest Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in April 2019. A simple random sampling technique was applied to recruit the eligible clusters/villages. Structured interview questionnaires were used to collect data. The completed data were entered into Epi Info version 7 and exported to SPSS version 20 for further analysis. A binary logistic regression model was used to process bivariate and multivariable analysis of the data to establish the association between dependent and independent variables. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% CI was used for the interpretation of data after controlling the confounders. Results The two-week prevalence of U5C diarrheal disease was 24.9% with 95% CI: (20.4 – 29.7). Age group of 1-12months [AOR: 9.22, 95%CI: (2.93-29.04)], age group of 13-24months [AOR: 4.44, 95%CI: (1.87-10.56)], low monthly income (AOR: 3.68, 95% CI: (1.81-7.51)], small family size [AOR: 0.32, 95% CI: (0.16-0.65)], poor hand washing practice [AOR: 8.37, 95% CI: (3.12-22.52), and immediate feed for cooked foods [AOR: 0.39, 95%CI: (0.19-0.81)] were significantly associated factors with childhood diarrhea. Conclusion Diarrhea was a common health problem among under-five children in the periphery area of Azezo sub-city. Age of children, family size, monthly income, hand-washing practice, and feeding time for cooked food were identified statistically significant risk factors. Therefore, an appropriate intervention program through health education would be recommended with a focus on identified risk factors to reduce the burden of diarrheal diseases.

scholarly journals Campylobacter Jejuni and Its Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern Among Under- Five Children with Gastroenteritis in Northwest Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bukayaw wudie ◽  
Addisu Melese ◽  
Daniel Mekonnen
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

Abstract Introduction: Campylobacter jejuni is the leading causes of diarrheal disease worldwide among under five years of age. Epidemiological data about C. jejuni and drug susceptibility profile of isolates among children with symptom of gastroenteritis has a paramount importance for evidence based decision. However, such information is not available in the study area. Hence, this study was carried out fill this information gap.Methods: An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among under-five children (U5C) visiting four primary health centers’ pediatric clinic due to acute gastroenteritis from February to May, 2019. Socio-demographic data were collected in a face to face interview using structured questionnaire. Stool specimen was collected and transported to the Bahir Dar University, Medical Microbiology Laboratory. The specimens were inoculated on Charcoal Cefoperazone Deoxycholate Agar. Identification and antibacterial susceptibility test was performed using standard bacteriological methods. The collected data were entered to EpiData 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 23.Results: Among a total of 196 U5C with acute gastroenteritis, 39 (19.9%) were positive for Campylobacter species. The proportion of C. jejuni was 14.8% (29/196). The multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that care givers (AOR=3.76, 95%CI: 1.29-10.98), guardians hand washing practice before food preparation (AOR=3.63, 95%CI: 1.15-11.46), and contact with domestic animals (AOR=4.23, 95%CI: 1.46-12.28) demonstrated significant association with C. jejuni infection. Among 29 C. jejuni isolates, 24 (82.8%), 24 (82.8%) and 18 (62.1%) were resistant for tetracycline, cefoxitine and erythromycin, respectively. Conclusions: The proportion of C. jejuni infection was high. Children who had contact with animals showed association with C. jejuni infection. Additionally, majority of C. jejuni showed resistance for tetracycline, cefoxitin, ampicillin and erythromycin.

scholarly journals Impact of Community-Led Total Sanitation and Hygiene on Prevalence of Diarrheal Disease and Associated Factors among Under-Five Children: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study in Selected Woredas of Gamo Gofa Zone, Southern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Agune Ashole Alto ◽  
Wanzahun Godana ◽  
Genet Gedamu
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gamo Gofa

Background. Diarrheal diseases are still one of the major causes of morbidity in under-five children in sub-Saharan Africa. In Ethiopia, diarrhea is responsible for 9% of all deaths and is the major cause of under-five mortality. Objective. To assess the impact of community-led total sanitation and hygiene on the prevalence of diarrheal disease and factors associated among under-five children in Gamo Gofa Zone. Methods. Community-based comparative cross-sectional study design was used to compare the impact of community-led total sanitation and hygiene intervention on under-five diarrheal disease. Multistage sampling method was employed. The data were collected by using pretested structured questionnaires. Data quality was ensured by daily supervision completeness and consistency. The data were coded, entered, and cleaned by using Epi Info version 7 and were analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were carried out by using binary logistic regression. Significance was declared by using p value of <0.05 and AOR with 95% confidence intervals. Results. The response rate of this study was 93.3%. The overall diarrhea prevalence was 27.5% (CI = (24.06, 30.97)) which was 18.9% (CI = (14.94, 23.2)) in implemented and 36.2%. (CI = (30.41, 41.59)) in nonimplemented woredas. Children whose age was between 12 and 23 months (AOR = 1.6) and greater than 24 months (AOR = 5), availability of handwashing facilities (AOR = 4), disposal of waste in open field (AOR = 9.7), unimproved source of drinking water (AOR = 6.5), using only water for handwashing (AOR = 6), children who started complementary feeding less than 6 months (AOR = 5.6) and greater than 6 months (AOR = 5.2), and utensils used to feed children such as bottle (AOR = 3.9) were the factors positively associated with diarrhea. Conclusion. The overall prevalence of under-five diarrhea was 27.5%. The prevalence was low in CLTSH woredas as compared with non-CLTSH woredas. The study showed that handwashing facility, using only water for handwashing, open refuse disposal, and unimproved source of drinking water among under-five had a statistically significant association with diarrhea occurrence in CLTSH nonimplemented areas. Integrated efforts are needed from the Ministry of Health together with the WASH Project in improving drinking water, handwashing facilities, and solid waste disposal practices.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Predictors of Intestinal Parasitic Infections Among Under-Five Children in Rural Dembiya, Northwest Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117863021989680
Author(s):  
Zemichael Gizaw ◽  
Ayenew Addisu ◽  
Mulat Gebrehiwot
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Health Supervision

Background: Soil-transmitted helminths and protozoan parasitic infections are endemic throughout the world. The problem of intestinal parasitic infection is higher among developing countries where children are the most vulnerable groups. Although health information related to parasitic infections is available globally, it is often limited in rural setups in least developed countries. This study was, therefore, conducted to assess socioeconomic predictors of intestinal parasitic infections among under-five children in rural Dembiya, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 224 randomly selected households with under-five children. We used questionnaire to collect data and direct stool examination to identify intestinal parasitic infections. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) and P < .05 was used to identify socioeconomic predictors of parasitic infections. Results: We found that 25.4% (95% CI = [20.2, 31.1]) under-five children had intestinal parasitic infection. Ascaris lumbricoides was the leading infection, which accounted 44 of 224 (19.6%). The prevalence of childhood intestinal parasitic infections was higher among households with no members whose education level is secondary and above (AOR = 3.36, 95% CI = [1.23, 9.17]). Similarly, intestinal parasitic infections were statistically associated with presence of 2 under-five children in a household (AOR = 3.56, 95% CI = [1.29, 9.82]), absence of frequent health supervision (AOR = 3.49, 95% CI = [1.72, 7.09]), larger family size (AOR = 2.30, 95% CI = [1.09, 4.85]), and poor household economic status (AOR = 2.58, 95% CI = [1.23, 5.41]). Conclusions: Significant proportion of children was infected with intestinal parasitic infection in rural Dembiya. Educational status of family members, number of under-five children in a household, health supervision, family size, and wealth index were statistically associated with parasitic infections. Provision of anthelmintic drugs, health supervision, and health education targeted with transmission and prevention of infections are recommended.

scholarly journals Contact Screening and Isoniazid Preventive Therapy Initiation for Under-Five Children among Pulmonary Tuberculosis-Positive Patients in Bahir Dar Special Zone, Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Netsanet Fentahun ◽  
Yosef Wasihun ◽  
Abebe Mamo ◽  
Lakew Abebe Gebretsadik
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Preventive Therapy ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Isoniazid Preventive Therapy ◽  
Bahir Dar ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Therapy Initiation ◽  
Contact Screening

Background. Children are highly susceptible to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, and about 70% of children living in the same households with pulmonary tuberculosis-positive patients will become infected. However, pulmonary positive tuberculosis is a common phenomenon and the implementation of the recommended contact screening and initiation of isoniazid preventive therapy is very low. Therefore, this study is aimed at assessing contact screening practice and initiation of isoniazid preventive therapy of under-five children among pulmonary tuberculosis-positive patients in Bahir Dar, northwest Ethiopia. Methods. A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 1 to 30, 2016. A total of 267 pulmonary tuberculosis-positive patients were included in this study. To identify independent predictors of contact screening and isoniazid preventive therapy initiation, we performed multivariable logistic regression analyses using SPSS version 20 with CI of 95% at p value < 0.05. Results. A total of 230 (90.2%) pulmonary tuberculosis-positive patients had single contacts with their under-five children. One hundred nine (64.8%) children were screened. From those screened, 11 (7.4%) developed tuberculosis disease and started antituberculosis treatment. Forty-four (31.9%) children started isoniazid preventive therapy. Sex of the participants, place of service delivery, relationship with contacts, HIV status, and attitude of PTB+ cases were significant predictors of contact screening (p<.05). Participant’s knowledge, attitude of participants, and relationship of the child with participant were significant predictors of isoniazid preventive therapy initiation (p<0.05). Conclusion. Contact screening practice and isoniazid preventive therapy initiation of children under the age of 5 in Bahir Dar zone were very low. Intimate family contact with pulmonary tuberculosis-positive patients, place of service delivery, and attitude towards screening are the key factors of contact screening. Participant’s knowledge, attitude of participants, and relationship of the child with participant are the key factors of isoniazid preventive therapy initiation. Therefore, household contact screening and isoniazid preventive therapy initiation should be paid attention to reduce transmission.

scholarly journals Diarrhea Prevalence and Sociodemographic Factors among Under-Five Children in Rural Areas of North Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atalay Getachew ◽  
Tadesse Guadu ◽  
Alebachew Tadie ◽  
Zemichael Gizaw ◽  
Mulat Gebrehiwot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Diarrhea Prevalence ◽  
One Year ◽  
North Gondar Zone

Background. Diarrheal disease remains one of the principal causes of morbidity and mortality in infants and children in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Risk factors for diarrhea vary by settings and have important implications for developing intervention strategies to reduce the burden of the disease. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess diarrhea prevalence and sociodemographic factors among under-five children in rural areas of North Gondar Zone. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2016 among 736 randomly selected households with one child under five years old. A structured questionnaire was used for collecting information on sociodemographic characteristics and diarrheal occurrence. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. The bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to determine the association between risk factors and diarrheal occurrence, and a p value < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results. A total of 736 under-five children and their respondents were enrolled during the study period. Almost all respondents were biological mothers 96.4% (709/736), married 94.2% (693/736), and house wives 86% (632/736). The overall prevalence of diarrheal disease among under-five children was 22.1% (163/743). Of these, children with age group of less than one year old, 7.7 % (57/736), were commonly infected with diarrheal diseases. Children less than or equal to one year [AOR=1.82, 95% CI= (1.39, 4.63)], guardians [AOR=4.37, 95% CI= (1.73, 11.1)], and children with no breast feeding practice [AOR=3.13, 95% CI= (1.62, 6.03)] were the major risk factors for the occurrence of diarrhea. Conclusion. Childhood diarrhea remains an important health concern in the study area. Occurrence of diarrhea was statistically associated with child age less than or equal to one year, educational status of mother/guardians, and breast feeding. To minimize the magnitude childhood diarrhea, various designing and implementing strategies, such as health education, child care, breast feeding, and weaning practice, integrated with the existing national health extension are quite essential.

scholarly journals Different features of cholera in malnourished and non-malnourised children: analysis of 10-year surveillance data from a large diarrheal disease hospital in urban Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharika Nuzhat ◽  
Md Iqbal Hossain ◽  
Nusrat Jahan Shaly ◽  
Rafiqul Islam ◽  
Soroar Hossain Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Case Management ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Severe Diarrhea ◽  
Malnourished Children

AbstractBackground: Malnourished children are more prone to infectious diseases including severe diarrhea compared to non-malnourished children. Understanding of the differences in the presentation of severe diarrhea such as cholera in children with varying nutritional status may help in the early identification and management these children. However, data are scarce on differences in the presentation in such children. Thus, we aimed to identify the clinical differentials among children with cholera with or without malnutrition.Methods: Data were extracted from diarrheal disease surveillance system (DDSS) of the Dhaka Hospital of icddr,b for the period, January 2008 to December 2017. Among under-five children, cholera positive (culture confirmed) and malnourished children (weight-for-age, weight-for-length or height-for-age Z score (WAZ, WHZ or HAZ) <-2) were considered as the cases (n=305) and children with cholera but non-malnourished (WAZ, HAZ, and WHZ ≥-2.00 to ≤+2.00) were the controls (n=276).Results: A total of 14,403 under-five children were enrolled in the surveillance system during the study period. After adjusting for potential covariates such as maternal illiteracy and slum dwelling, it was revealed that under-five malnourished children with cholera significantly more often presented to the hospital during evening hours (6 pm to 12 mid-night) (OR=1.64, 95% CI=1.16-2.31, P<0.05), had fathers who were illiterate (OR=1.70, 95% CI=1.11-2.62, P<0.05), presented with history of cough within last 7 days (OR=1.64, 95% CI=1.10-2.43, P<0.05), dehydrating diarrhea (OR=1.70, 95% CI=1.15-2.53, P<0.05), and had longer hospitalization (OR=1.50, 95% CI=1.05-2.14, P<0.05).Conclusions: The study results underscore the importance of understanding of the basic differences in the presentation of severe cholera in malnourished children for prompt identification and the subsequent management of these children. These observations may help policy makers in formulating better case management strategy.Author Summary:Malnourished children are more vulnerable to infectious diseases including cholera in comparison to the non-malnourished children. They often have suboptimal immune function, though there is no precise information on whether there is any difference in associated factor(s) or clinical course of cholera in under-five children with varying nutritional status. Therefore, this study was conducted to elucidate these insights by using the surveillance data of the Dhaka hospital of icddr,b. Among all the under-five children with cholera, 305 malnourished (WAZ or WLZ or HAZ <-2) children constituted as the cases (malnourished), and another 276 non-malnourished (WAZ, HAZ, and WHZ ≥-2.00GtoG≤+2.00) cholera children formed the comparison group.In this study we revealed that care seeking at evening time was more common in the malnourished children with cholera compared to those without malnutrition. Dehydrating diarrhea was about two folds higher and prolonged hospitalization was frequent in malnourished children with cholera than their counterparts. These key findings may help policy makers in formulating better case management strategy in the near future.

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