scholarly journals Reversion From Mild Cognitive Impairment To Normal Cognition: False-Positive Error Or True Restoration Thanks To Cognitive Control Ability?

2019 ◽  
Vol Volume 15 ◽  
pp. 3021-3032
Author(s):  
Ji-Yeon Chung ◽  
Hyung-Jun Yoon ◽  
Hu Won Kim ◽  
Kyu Yeong Choi ◽  
Jang Jae Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Positive Error ◽  
False Positive Error ◽  
Normal Cognition

Forensic science evidence: Naive estimates of false positive error rates and reliability

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristy Martire ◽  
Agnes Bali ◽  
Kaye Ballantyne ◽  
Gary Edmond ◽  
Richard Kemp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Science ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Forensic Sciences ◽  
Positive Error ◽  
False Positive Error ◽  
Reliability Estimates ◽  
Positive Report ◽  
Science Evidence ◽  
Science Disciplines

We do not know how often false positive reports are made in a range of forensic science disciplines. In the absence of this information it is important to understand the naive beliefs held by potential jurors about forensic science evidence reliability. It is these beliefs that will shape evaluations at trial. This descriptive study adds to our knowledge about naive beliefs by: 1) measuring jury-eligible (lay) perceptions of reliability for the largest range of forensic science disciplines to date, over three waves of data collection between 2011 and 2016 (n = 674); 2) calibrating reliability ratings with false positive report estimates; and 3) comparing lay reliability estimates with those of an opportunity sample of forensic practitioners (n = 53). Overall the data suggest that both jury-eligible participants and practitioners consider forensic evidence highly reliable. When compared to best or plausible estimates of reliability and error in the forensic sciences these views appear to overestimate reliability and underestimate the frequency of false positive errors. This result highlights the importance of collecting and disseminating empirically derived estimates of false positive error rates to ensure that practitioners and potential jurors have a realistic impression of the value of forensic science evidence.

P1-217: CINGULUM MICROSTRUCTURE INFLUENCES COGNITIVE CONTROL THROUGH EFFECTS ON GLOBAL NETWORK ARCHITECTURE IN MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. P383-P384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. O'Sullivan ◽  
Rok Berlot ◽  
Claudia Metzler-Baddeley ◽  
Nicola J. Ray ◽  
Derek K. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Global Network

P3-568: PROGNOSIS OF INDIVIDUALS WITH MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT REVERTING TO NORMAL COGNITION

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (7S_Part_25) ◽  
pp. P1341-P1342
Author(s):  
Lisa Vermunt ◽  
Pieter Jelle Visser ◽  
Philip Scheltens ◽  
Betty M. Tijms ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Normal Cognition

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Reversion to Normal Cognition and Progression to Dementia in Elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment: Analysis of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-310
Author(s):  
Sujin Eom ◽  
Ju-Young Ha
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Instrumental Activities ◽  
Normal Cognition

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting reversion to normal cognition and progression to dementia from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) after 2 years.Methods: We analyzed data from the 6th and 7th “Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA)”. A total of 773 participants aged 65 years and above classified as having MCI according to the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination in the 6th survey were included in the study. Data were analyzed by SPSS 26.0 software using x2 test, t-test, Mann-Whitney test and logistic regression analysis.Results: Of all the participants, 30.5% reverted to normal cognition, 48.5% remained with MCI, and 21.0% progressed to dementia. Factors such as young age (odds ratio [OR]=0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.94~0.99), the absence of diabetes (OR=1.49, 95% CI: 1.01~2.19), and frequent neighbor networks “at least once or twice a month” (OR=2.35, 95% CI: 1.26~4.37), and “at least once a week” (OR=1.63, 95% CI: 1.03~2.56) compared to “never or less than 6 times a year” significantly associated with reversion to normal cognition. Meanwhile, factors such as old age (OR=1.09, 95% CI: 1.05~1.12), low level of perceived socioeconomic status (reference. above middle) (OR=1.59, 95% CI: 1.05~2.41), low levels of instrumental activities of daily living (OR=1.17, 95% CI: 1.05~1.32), and a small number of social activities (OR=0.70, 95% CI: 0.51~0.96) significantly associated with dementia progression.Conclusion: The study indicates the necessity of follow-up research for developing interventions that could aid individuals in reverting to normal cognitive function by managing diabetes or encouraging interaction with neighbors and preventing the progression to dementia by improving Instrumental Activities of Daily Living levels or encouraging participation in social activities.

P1-323: Comparison of Hippocampal Segmentation Methods to Differentiate Participants with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Normal Cognition: The Vanderbilt Memory and Aging Project

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. P549-P550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly R. Pechman ◽  
L. Taylor Davis ◽  
Michael D. Pridmore ◽  
Sarah L. Elliot ◽  
Katherine A. Gifford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Segmentation Methods ◽  
Normal Cognition

scholarly journals Human cerebral collateral arteriole function in subjects with normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (2) ◽  
pp. H284-H290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Q. Migrino ◽  
Seth Truran ◽  
Nina Karamanova ◽  
Geidy E. Serrano ◽  
Calvin Madrigal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Collateral Circulation ◽  
Dependent Function ◽  
Β Amyloid ◽  
Normal Cognition

Clinical and preclinical studies have suggested a link between cardiovascular disease and dementia disorders, but the role of the collateral brain circulation in cognitive dysfunction remains unknown. We aimed to test the hypothesis that leptomeningeal arteriole (LMA) function and response to metabolic stressors differ among subjects with dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and normal cognition (CN). After rapid autopsy, LMAs were isolated from subjects with CN ( n = 10), MCI ( n = 12), or dementia [ n = 42, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), or other dementia], and endothelial and smooth muscle-dependent function were measured at baseline and after exposure to β-amyloid (2 μM), palmitic acid (150 μM), or medin (5 μM) and compared. There were no differences among the groups in baseline endothelial function (maximum dilation to acetylcholine, CN: 74.1 ± 9.7%, MCI: 67.1 ± 4.8%, AD: 74.7 ± 2.8%, VaD: 72.0 ± 5.3%, and other dementia: 68.0 ± 8.0%) and smooth muscle-dependent function (CN: 93.4 ± 3.0%, MCI: 83.3 ± 4.1%, AD: 91.8 ± 1.7%, VaD: 91.7 ± 2.4%, and other dementia: 87.9 ± 4.9%). There was no correlation between last cognitive function score and baseline endothelial or smooth muscle-dependent function. LMA endothelial function and, to a lesser extent, smooth muscle-dependent function were impaired posttreatment with β-amyloid, palmitic acid, and medin. Posttreatment LMA responses were not different between subjects with CN/MCI vs. dementia. Baseline responses and impaired vasoreactivity after treatment with metabolic stressors did not differ among subjects with CN, MCI, and dementia. The results suggest that the cognitive dysfunction in dementia disorders is not attributable to differences in baseline brain collateral circulation function but may be influenced by exposure of the vasculature to metabolic stressors. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here, we present novel findings that brain collateral arteriole function did not differ among subjects with normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia (Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia). Although arteriole function was impaired by vascular stressors (β-amyloid, palmitic acid, and medin), responses did not differ between those with or without dementia. The cognitive dysfunction in dementia disorders is not attributable to differences in baseline brain collateral circulation function but may be influenced by vascular exposure to metabolic stressors.

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