Diabetes and Prediabetes Inhibit Reversion From Mild Cognitive Impairment to Normal Cognition

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting reversion to normal cognition and progression to dementia from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) after 2 years.Methods: We analyzed data from the 6th and 7th “Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA)”. A total of 773 participants aged 65 years and above classified as having MCI according to the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination in the 6th survey were included in the study. Data were analyzed by SPSS 26.0 software using x2 test, t-test, Mann-Whitney test and logistic regression analysis.Results: Of all the participants, 30.5% reverted to normal cognition, 48.5% remained with MCI, and 21.0% progressed to dementia. Factors such as young age (odds ratio [OR]=0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.94~0.99), the absence of diabetes (OR=1.49, 95% CI: 1.01~2.19), and frequent neighbor networks “at least once or twice a month” (OR=2.35, 95% CI: 1.26~4.37), and “at least once a week” (OR=1.63, 95% CI: 1.03~2.56) compared to “never or less than 6 times a year” significantly associated with reversion to normal cognition. Meanwhile, factors such as old age (OR=1.09, 95% CI: 1.05~1.12), low level of perceived socioeconomic status (reference. above middle) (OR=1.59, 95% CI: 1.05~2.41), low levels of instrumental activities of daily living (OR=1.17, 95% CI: 1.05~1.32), and a small number of social activities (OR=0.70, 95% CI: 0.51~0.96) significantly associated with dementia progression.Conclusion: The study indicates the necessity of follow-up research for developing interventions that could aid individuals in reverting to normal cognitive function by managing diabetes or encouraging interaction with neighbors and preventing the progression to dementia by improving Instrumental Activities of Daily Living levels or encouraging participation in social activities.

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P1-323: Comparison of Hippocampal Segmentation Methods to Differentiate Participants with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Normal Cognition: The Vanderbilt Memory and Aging Project

Alzheimer s & Dementia ◽

10.1016/j.jalz.2016.06.1074 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. P549-P550 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kimberly R. Pechman ◽

L. Taylor Davis ◽

Michael D. Pridmore ◽

Sarah L. Elliot ◽

Katherine A. Gifford ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Segmentation Methods ◽

Normal Cognition

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Human cerebral collateral arteriole function in subjects with normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.00206.2018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 315 (2) ◽

pp. H284-H290 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Raymond Q. Migrino ◽

Seth Truran ◽

Nina Karamanova ◽

Geidy E. Serrano ◽

Calvin Madrigal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Endothelial Function ◽

Palmitic Acid ◽

Cognitive Dysfunction ◽

Collateral Circulation ◽

Dependent Function ◽

Β Amyloid ◽

Normal Cognition

Clinical and preclinical studies have suggested a link between cardiovascular disease and dementia disorders, but the role of the collateral brain circulation in cognitive dysfunction remains unknown. We aimed to test the hypothesis that leptomeningeal arteriole (LMA) function and response to metabolic stressors differ among subjects with dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and normal cognition (CN). After rapid autopsy, LMAs were isolated from subjects with CN ( n = 10), MCI ( n = 12), or dementia [ n = 42, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), or other dementia], and endothelial and smooth muscle-dependent function were measured at baseline and after exposure to β-amyloid (2 μM), palmitic acid (150 μM), or medin (5 μM) and compared. There were no differences among the groups in baseline endothelial function (maximum dilation to acetylcholine, CN: 74.1 ± 9.7%, MCI: 67.1 ± 4.8%, AD: 74.7 ± 2.8%, VaD: 72.0 ± 5.3%, and other dementia: 68.0 ± 8.0%) and smooth muscle-dependent function (CN: 93.4 ± 3.0%, MCI: 83.3 ± 4.1%, AD: 91.8 ± 1.7%, VaD: 91.7 ± 2.4%, and other dementia: 87.9 ± 4.9%). There was no correlation between last cognitive function score and baseline endothelial or smooth muscle-dependent function. LMA endothelial function and, to a lesser extent, smooth muscle-dependent function were impaired posttreatment with β-amyloid, palmitic acid, and medin. Posttreatment LMA responses were not different between subjects with CN/MCI vs. dementia. Baseline responses and impaired vasoreactivity after treatment with metabolic stressors did not differ among subjects with CN, MCI, and dementia. The results suggest that the cognitive dysfunction in dementia disorders is not attributable to differences in baseline brain collateral circulation function but may be influenced by exposure of the vasculature to metabolic stressors. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here, we present novel findings that brain collateral arteriole function did not differ among subjects with normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia (Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia). Although arteriole function was impaired by vascular stressors (β-amyloid, palmitic acid, and medin), responses did not differ between those with or without dementia. The cognitive dysfunction in dementia disorders is not attributable to differences in baseline brain collateral circulation function but may be influenced by vascular exposure to metabolic stressors.

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Pontine Arteriolosclerosis and Locus Coeruleus Oxidative Stress Differentiate Resilience from Mild Cognitive Impairment in a Clinical Pathologic Cohort

Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology ◽

10.1093/jnen/nlab017 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 80 (4) ◽

pp. 325-335

Author(s):

Sarah C Kelly ◽

Peter T Nelson ◽

Scott E Counts,

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Locus Coeruleus ◽

Tau Pathology ◽

Cognitively Normal ◽

Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽

Severity Scores ◽

Stress Burden ◽

Normal Cognition

Abstract Locus coeruleus (LC) neurodegeneration is associated with cognitive deterioration during the transition from normal cognition to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer disease (AD). However, the extent to which LC degenerative processes differentiate cognitively normal, “resilient” subjects bearing a high AD pathological burden from those with MCI or AD remains unclear. We approached this problem by quantifying the number of LC neurons and the percentage of LC neurons bearing AT8 tau pathology, TDP-43 pathology, or a marker for DNA/RNA oxidative damage, in well-characterized subjects diagnosed as normal cognition-low AD pathology (NC-LP), NC-high AD pathology (NC-HP), MCI, or mild/moderate AD. In addition, the severity of pontine arteriolosclerosis in each subject was compared across the groups. There was a trend for a step-wise ∼20% loss of LC neuron number between the NC-LP, NC-HP and MCI subjects despite a successive, significant ∼80%–100% increase in tau pathology between these groups. In contrast, increasing pontine arteriolosclerosis severity scores and LC oxidative stress burden significantly separated the NC-LP/HP and MCI/AD groups via comparative, correlation, and regression analysis. Pontine perfusion, as well as LC neuronal metabolic and redox function, may impact noradrenergic LC modulation of cognition during the preclinical and prodromal stages of AD.

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Lower cardiac output is associated with neurodegeneration among older adults with normal cognition but not mild cognitive impairment

Brain Imaging and Behavior ◽

10.1007/s11682-020-00398-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Elizabeth E. Moore ◽

Dandan Liu ◽

Corey W. Bown ◽

Hailey A. Kresge ◽

Deepak K. Gupta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Cardiac Output ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Normal Cognition ◽

Lower Cardiac Output

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Progression from normal cognition to mild cognitive impairment in a diverse clinic-based and community-based elderly cohort

Alzheimer s & Dementia ◽

10.1016/j.jalz.2016.07.151 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 399-405 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Yingjia Chen ◽

Katherine G. Denny ◽

Danielle Harvey ◽

Sarah Tomaszewski Farias ◽

Dan Mungas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Community Based ◽

Elderly Cohort ◽

Normal Cognition

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