scholarly journals The Influence of Size and Chemical Composition of Silver and Gold Nanoparticles on in vivo Toxicity with Potential Applications to Central Nervous System Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume 16 ◽  
pp. 2187-2201
Author(s):  
Daniela F Báez ◽  
Eduardo Gallardo-Toledo ◽  
María Paz Oyarzún ◽  
Eyleen Araya ◽  
Marcelo J Kogan
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nervous System Diseases ◽  
Central Nervous System Diseases ◽  
In Vivo Toxicity ◽  
Silver And Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Potential Applications

scholarly journals Direction and magnitude of cerebrospinal fluid flow vary substantially across central nervous system diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Kristian Eide ◽  
Lars Magnus Valnes ◽  
Erika Kristina Lindstrøm ◽  
Kent-Andre Mardal ◽  
Geir Ringstad
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Flow Volume ◽  
Nervous System Diseases ◽  
Central Nervous System Diseases ◽  
Csf Flow ◽  
Phase Contrast Mri

Abstract Background Several central nervous system diseases are associated with disturbed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow patterns and have typically been characterized in vivo by phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This technique is, however, limited by its applicability in space and time. Phase-contrast MRI has yet to be compared directly with CSF tracer enhanced imaging, which can be considered gold standard for assessing long-term CSF flow dynamics within the intracranial compartment. Methods Here, we studied patients with various CSF disorders and compared MRI biomarkers of CSF space anatomy and phase-contrast MRI at level of the aqueduct and cranio-cervical junction with dynamic intrathecal contrast-enhanced MRI using the contrast agent gadobutrol as CSF tracer. Tracer enrichment of cerebral ventricles was graded 0–4 by visual assessment. An intracranial pressure (ICP) score was used as surrogate marker of intracranial compliance. Results The study included 94 patients and disclosed marked variation of CSF flow measures across disease categories. The grade of supra-aqueductal reflux of tracer varied, with strong reflux (grades 3–4) in half of patients. Ventricular tracer reflux correlated with stroke volume and aqueductal CSF pressure gradient. CSF flow in the cerebral aqueduct was retrograde (from 4th to 3rd ventricle) in one third of patients, with estimated CSF net flow volume about 1.0 L/24 h. In the cranio-cervical junction, net flow was cranially directed in 78% patients, with estimated CSF net flow volume about 4.7 L/24 h. Conclusions The present observations provide in vivo quantitative evidence for substantial variation in direction and magnitude of CSF flow, with re-direction of aqueductal flow in communicating hydrocephalus, and significant extra-cranial CSF production. The grading of ventricular reflux of tracer shows promise as a clinical useful method to assess CSF flow pattern disturbances in patients. Graphic abstract

Dimephosphone — vasoactive drug for normalization of nervous system function

1993 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
R. Kh. Khafizyaiiova ◽  
I. A. Studentsova ◽  
V. I. Danilov ◽  
I. S. Mokrinskaya ◽  
R. A. Garaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Circulation ◽  
Vasoactive Drug ◽  
System Function ◽  
Nervous System Diseases ◽  
Central Nervous System Diseases ◽  
Clinical Tests ◽  
Nervous System Function

An experimental study of dimephpsphone, using different models of the disorders of cerebrum and cerebral circulation functions, reveals cerebroprotcctive properties and normalizing type of the effect on the regulating mechanisms of cerebral circulation. Clinical tests indicate the efficacy of the drug in different central nervous system diseases in neurological and neurosurgical clinics.

Trans Neuronal Retrograde Degeneration to OCT in Central Nervous System Diseases

2020 ◽  
pp. 365-374
Author(s):  
Bernardo F. Sánchez-Dalmau ◽  
Anna Camós-Carreras ◽  
Ruben Torres-Torres ◽  
Johannes Keller ◽  
Laura Sanchez-Vela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System Diseases ◽  
Central Nervous System Diseases ◽  
Retrograde Degeneration
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