scholarly journals Short duration cancer treatment: inspired by a fast bio-resorbable smart nano-fiber device containing NIR lethal polydopamine nanospheres for effective chemo–photothermal cancer therapy

2018 ◽  
Vol Volume 13 ◽  
pp. 6375-6390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis O Obiweluozor ◽  
Gladys A Emechebe ◽  
Arjun Prasad Tiwari ◽  
Ju Yeon Kim ◽  
Chan Hee Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Nano Fiber

Utilizing Cancer - Functional Gene Set - Compound Networks to Identify Putative Drugs for Breast Cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-83
Author(s):  
Tzu-Hung Hsiao ◽  
Yu-Chiao Chiu ◽  
Yu-Heng Chen ◽  
Yu-Ching Hsu ◽  
Hung-I Harry Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Functional Gene ◽  
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Gene Set ◽  
Gene Sets

Aim and Objective: The number of anticancer drugs available currently is limited, and some of them have low treatment response rates. Moreover, developing a new drug for cancer therapy is labor intensive and sometimes cost prohibitive. Therefore, “repositioning” of known cancer treatment compounds can speed up the development time and potentially increase the response rate of cancer therapy. This study proposes a systems biology method for identifying new compound candidates for cancer treatment in two separate procedures. Materials and Methods: First, a “gene set–compound” network was constructed by conducting gene set enrichment analysis on the expression profile of responses to a compound. Second, survival analyses were applied to gene expression profiles derived from four breast cancer patient cohorts to identify gene sets that are associated with cancer survival. A “cancer–functional gene set– compound” network was constructed, and candidate anticancer compounds were identified. Through the use of breast cancer as an example, 162 breast cancer survival-associated gene sets and 172 putative compounds were obtained. Results: We demonstrated how to utilize the clinical relevance of previous studies through gene sets and then connect it to candidate compounds by using gene expression data from the Connectivity Map. Specifically, we chose a gene set derived from a stem cell study to demonstrate its association with breast cancer prognosis and discussed six new compounds that can increase the expression of the gene set after the treatment. Conclusion: Our method can effectively identify compounds with a potential to be “repositioned” for cancer treatment according to their active mechanisms and their association with patients’ survival time.

Coconut-shell-derived activated carbon for NIR photo-activated synergistic photothermal-chemodynamic cancer therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Wu ◽  
Bao Jiang ◽  
Lin Zhou ◽  
Ao Wang ◽  
Shaohua Wei
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Photothermal Therapy ◽  
Carbon Nanoparticles ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Photothermal Conversion

Activated carbon nanoparticles (ANs) were synthesized from coconut shell. ANs show peroxidase and photothermal conversion activities, allowing synergistic cancer treatment via chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT).

scholarly journals DNA damage repair: historical perspectives, mechanistic pathways and clinical translation for targeted cancer therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruixue Huang ◽  
Ping-Kun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Dna Damage Response ◽  
Dna Damage Repair ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Targeted Cancer Therapy ◽  
Baseline Drift ◽  
Damage Repair ◽  
Damage Response

AbstractGenomic instability is the hallmark of various cancers with the increasing accumulation of DNA damage. The application of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in cancer treatment is typically based on this property of cancers. However, the adverse effects including normal tissues injury are also accompanied by the radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Targeted cancer therapy has the potential to suppress cancer cells’ DNA damage response through tailoring therapy to cancer patients lacking specific DNA damage response functions. Obviously, understanding the broader role of DNA damage repair in cancers has became a basic and attractive strategy for targeted cancer therapy, in particular, raising novel hypothesis or theory in this field on the basis of previous scientists’ findings would be important for future promising druggable emerging targets. In this review, we first illustrate the timeline steps for the understanding the roles of DNA damage repair in the promotion of cancer and cancer therapy developed, then we summarize the mechanisms regarding DNA damage repair associated with targeted cancer therapy, highlighting the specific proteins behind targeting DNA damage repair that initiate functioning abnormally duo to extrinsic harm by environmental DNA damage factors, also, the DNA damage baseline drift leads to the harmful intrinsic targeted cancer therapy. In addition, clinical therapeutic drugs for DNA damage and repair including therapeutic effects, as well as the strategy and scheme of relative clinical trials were intensive discussed. Based on this background, we suggest two hypotheses, namely “environmental gear selection” to describe DNA damage repair pathway evolution, and “DNA damage baseline drift”, which may play a magnified role in mediating repair during cancer treatment. This two new hypothesis would shed new light on targeted cancer therapy, provide a much better or more comprehensive holistic view and also promote the development of new research direction and new overcoming strategies for patients.

Preclinical investigations revealed possibilities for Salmonella tumor treatment. Bacteria can also be coupled to nanomaterials enabling drug-loading, photocatalytic and/or magnetic properties, using the bacteria's net negative charge

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moataz Dowaidar
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Negative Charge ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
Immunodeficient Mice ◽  
Virulence Attenuation

Except in human clinical trials, preclinical tests showed the potential of Salmonella bacteria for tumor therapy. There are still various challenges to tackle before salmonella bacteria may be employed to treat human cancer. Due to its pathogenic nature, attenuation is essential to minimize the host's harmful effects of bacterial infection. Loss of anticancer efficacy from bacterial virulence attenuation can be compensated by giving therapeutic payloads to microorganisms. Bacteria can also be linked to micro-or nanomaterials with diverse properties, such as drug-loaded, photocatalytic and/or magnetic-sensing nanoparticles, using the net negative charge of the bacteria. Combining bacteria-mediated cancer treatment with other medicines that have been clinically shown to be helpful but have limits may provide surprising therapeutic results. Recently, this strategy has received attention and is underway. The use of live germs for cancer treatment has not yet been approved for human clinical trials. The non-invasive oral form of administration benefits from safety, making it more suitable for clinical cancer patients.Infection of live germs through systemic means, on the other hand, involves toxicity risk. Although Salmonella bacteria can be genetically manipulated with high tumor targeting, harm to normal tissues can not be excluded when medications with nonspecific toxicity are administered. It is preferred if the action of selected drugs may be restricted to the tumor site rather than healthy tissues, thereby boosting cancer therapy safety. In recent years, many regulatory mechanisms have been developed to manage pharmaceutical distribution through live bacterial vectors. Engineered salmonella can accumulate 1000 times greater than normal tissue density in the tumor. The QS-regulated mechanism, which initiates gene expression when bacterial density exceeds a particular threshold level, also promises Salmonella bacteria for targeted medication delivery. Nanovesicle structures of Salmonella bacteria can also be used as biocompatible nanocarriers to deliver functional medicinal chemicals in cancer therapy. Surface-modified nanovesicles preferably attach to tumor cells and are swallowed by receptor-mediated endocytosis before being destroyed to release packed drugs. The xenograft methodology, which comprises the implantation of cultivated tumor cell lines into immunodeficient mice, has often been used in preclinical research revealing favorable results about the anticancer effects of genetically engineered salmonella.

Bi-modal cancer treatment utilizing therapeutic ultrasound and an engineered therapeutic nanobubble

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (78) ◽  
pp. 63839-63845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh K. Misra ◽  
Goutam Ghoshal ◽  
Tor W. Jensen ◽  
Partha S. Ray ◽  
Everette C. Burdette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Ultrasound ◽  
Assisted Delivery ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted

We developed a bi-modal cancer therapy comprising a sorafenib loaded ultra-sonic responsive nanobubble (SRF-NB) for ultrasonic assisted delivery in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Polydopamine may be easily functionalized with a range of nanomaterials for synergistic cancer therapy, in addition to its exceptional photothermal effects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moataz Dowaidar
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
Photothermal Treatment ◽  
Photothermal Effects

This review carefully reviewed recent polydopamine (PDA) research, including targeted therapy and cancer synergistic medications. Recent breakthroughs in photothermal treatment coupled with complex therapies such as gene therapy, radiation, and especially immunotherapy were highlighted. Due to their exceptional biocompatibility, degradability, low toxicity and high photothermal conversion efficiency, facile oxidative self-polymerization of dopamine can create PDA and serve as an excellent nanocarrier or photothermal cancer treatment agent. Due to its high adhesive capacity, PDA may be easily functionalized with a range of nanomaterials for synergistic cancer therapy, in addition to its exceptional photothermal effects. Although PDA-based multifunctional nanoplatforms have gained interest for synergistic cancer therapy, such as chemo-photothermal treatment and photodynamic-photothermal treatment, discovering novel uses for PDA remains tough. First, despite its easy and mild process of synthesis, large-scale synthesis with uniform size and thickness is challenging owing to the absence of consistent quality control standards. Second, due to the strong adhesive properties of PDA, multifunctional nanoplatforms are prone to aggregating in a solution. Third, to improve PDA's clinical application, its safety should be fully researched. Before being deployed in clinical settings, PDA-based multifunctional systems need additional research. A PDA-based multifunctional platform for better synergistic cancer treatment is a forward-looking strategy. In particular, PDA-based immunotherapy systems will remain a research center.Besides immunotherapy, in recent years, the integration of cancer diagnosis and treatment has gained a lot of publicity. Polyphenols have been proven to suppress tumor development and interact with metals such as Fe3+, Pt4+, Cu2+, etc (MPNs). MPNs are biocompatible, functional, pH-responsive and can escape endosomes. PDA has the potential to develop MPNs with contrasting magnetic resonance agents like gadolinium due to the enormous quantity of catechol groups on its surface, allowing magnetic resonance imaging. Polyphenols also have tumor-inhibiting effects, and PDA's photothermal activity can ablate tumors. Consequently, PDA-based MPNs might be a promising way to integrate diagnosis and treatment. Moreover, polydopamine can crosslink acrylamide and other polymers to form anticancer and antibacterial hydrogels. Increasing the stickiness of polydopamine hydrogels is now underway, paving the path for self-adhesive bioelectronics hydrogels. Bioelectron self-adhesion and other capabilities such as self-healing, transparency, and bacterio-toxicity may be supplied to polydopamine hydrogels by altering phenolquinone's redox process. A prospective future trend is using self-adhesive polydopamine hydrogels with current bioelectronic materials. We think that polydopamine hydrogels will eventually advance from skin patches to implantable integrated bioelectronics.

scholarly journals Imaging Biomarkers of Tumour Proliferation and Invasion for Personalised Lung Cancer Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 222
Author(s):  
Loredana G. Marcu
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Lung Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Lung Cancer Therapy ◽  
Tumour Proliferation

Personalised treatment in oncology has seen great developments over the last decade, due to both technological advances and more in-depth knowledge of radiobiological processes occurring in tumours. Lung cancer therapy is no exception, as new molecular targets have been identified to further increase treatment specificity and sensitivity. Yet, tumour resistance to treatment is still one of the main reasons for treatment failure. This is due to a number of factors, among which tumour proliferation, the presence of cancer stem cells and the metastatic potential of the primary tumour are key features that require better controlling to further improve cancer management in general, and lung cancer treatment in particular. Imaging biomarkers play a key role in the identification of biological particularities within tumours and therefore are an important component of treatment personalisation in radiotherapy. Imaging techniques such as PET, SPECT, MRI that employ tumour-specific biomarkers already play a critical role in patient stratification towards individualized treatment. The aim of the current paper is to describe the radiobiological challenges of lung cancer treatment in relation to the latest imaging biomarkers that can aid in the identification of hostile cellular features for further treatment adaptation and tailoring to the individual patient’s needs.

scholarly journals Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma in Wound Healing and Cancer Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 6898
Author(s):  
Lars Boeckmann ◽  
Mirijam Schäfer ◽  
Thoralf Bernhardt ◽  
Marie Luise Semmler ◽  
Ole Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure Plasma ◽  
Reactive Species ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
Pressure Plasma ◽  
Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma

Plasma medicine is gaining increasing attention and is moving from basic research into clinical practice. While areas of application are diverse, much research has been conducted assessing the use of cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAP) in wound healing and cancer treatment—two applications with entirely different goals. In wound healing, a tissue-stimulating effect is intended, whereas cancer therapy aims at killing malignant cells. In this review, we provide an overview of the latest clinical and some preclinical research on the efficacy of CAP in wound healing and cancer therapy. Furthermore, we discuss the current understanding of molecular signaling mechanisms triggered by CAP that grant CAP its antiseptic and tissue regenerating or anti-proliferative and cell death-inducing properties. For the efficacy of CAP in wound healing, already substantial evidence from clinical studies is available, while evidence for therapeutic effects of CAP in oncology is mainly from in vitro and in vivo animal studies. Efforts to elucidate the mode of action of CAP suggest that different components, such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation, electromagnetic fields, and reactive species, may act synergistically, with reactive species being regarded as the major effector by modulating complex and concentration-dependent redox signaling pathways.

scholarly journals Microbes as Medicines: Harnessing the Power of Bacteria in Advancing Cancer Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 7575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shruti S. Sawant ◽  
Suyash M. Patil ◽  
Vivek Gupta ◽  
Nitesh K. Kunda
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Tumor Environment ◽  
Systemic Side Effects ◽  
Hypoxic Tumor

Conventional anti-cancer therapy involves the use of chemical chemotherapeutics and radiation and are often non-specific in action. The development of drug resistance and the inability of the drug to penetrate the tumor cells has been a major pitfall in current treatment. This has led to the investigation of alternative anti-tumor therapeutics possessing greater specificity and efficacy. There is a significant interest in exploring the use of microbes as potential anti-cancer medicines. The inherent tropism of the bacteria for hypoxic tumor environment and its ability to be genetically engineered as a vector for gene and drug therapy has led to the development of bacteria as a potential weapon against cancer. In this review, we will introduce bacterial anti-cancer therapy with an emphasis on the various mechanisms involved in tumor targeting and tumor suppression. The bacteriotherapy approaches in conjunction with the conventional cancer therapy can be effective in designing novel cancer therapies. We focus on the current progress achieved in bacterial cancer therapies that show potential in advancing existing cancer treatment options and help attain positive clinical outcomes with minimal systemic side-effects.

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