scholarly journals Prediction of Obstructive Lung Disease from Chest Radiographs via Deep Learning Trained on Pulmonary Function Data

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume 15 ◽  
pp. 3455-3466
Author(s):  
Joyce D Schroeder ◽  
Ricardo Bigolin Lanfredi ◽  
Tao Li ◽  
Jessica Chan ◽  
Clement Vachet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Obstructive Lung Disease ◽  
Chest Radiographs ◽  
Function Data

Nutritional and pulmonary function assessment in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease

1981 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 461-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Therse Hynak ◽  
Mohamed S. Al-Ibrahim ◽  
Robert M. Russell ◽  
Gina Stanko ◽  
C.V.J. Verghease ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Obstructive Lung Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Function Assessment

scholarly journals Vitamin D Deficiency and Chronic Lung Disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R Gilbert ◽  
Seth M Arum ◽  
Cecilia M Smith
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Chronic Lung Disease ◽  
Obstructive Lung Disease ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Chronic Lung Diseases

Vitamin D deficiency is increasingly being recognized as a prevalent problem in the general population. Patients with chronic lung diseases such as asthma, cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive lung disease and interstitial pneumonia appear to be at increased risk for vitamin D deficiency for reasons that are not clear.Several studies indicate that vitamin D possesses a range of anti-inflammatory properties and may be involved in processes other than the previously believed functions of calcium and phosphate homeostasis. Various cytokines, cellular elements, oxidative stress and protease/antiprotease levels appear to affect lung fibroproliferation, remodelling and function, which may be influenced by vitamin D levels. Chronic lung diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive lung disease have also been linked to vitamin D on a genetic basis. This immune and genetic influence of vitamin D may influence the pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases. A recent observational study notes a significant association between vitamin D deficiency and decreased pulmonary function tests in a large ambulatory population.The present review will examine the current literature regarding vitamin D deficiency, its prevalence in patients with chronic lung disease, vitamin D anti-inflammatory properties and the role of vitamin D in pulmonary function.

The Relationship Between Pulmonary Function and Dyspnea in Obstructive Lung Disease

CHEST Journal ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 1247-1251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Wolkove ◽  
Esther Dajczman ◽  
Antoinette Colacone ◽  
Harvey Kreisman
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Obstructive Lung Disease ◽  
The Relationship

Assessment of rebreathing O2 consumption in humans with normal and diseased lungs

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1443-1452 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Kallay ◽  
R. W. Hyde ◽  
R. J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Obstructive Lung Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
O2 Consumption ◽  
O2 Uptake ◽  
End Tidal

We investigated sources of error in estimating steady-state O2 consumption (VO2ss) by calculating O2 uptake from an anesthesia bag containing O2, He, and N2 during 10-20 s of rebreathing (VO2rb). In 11 normal resting subjects, VO2rb calculated with end-tidal sampling overestimated VO2ss by 16 +/- 15% (SD) (P less than 0.003). This error was proportional to the increase in pulse rate during rebreathing, so that pulse-corrected VO2rb slightly underestimated VO2ss by 2.1 +/- 12.2% (P = 0.66) in the six subjects who rebreathed 28% O2 in the rebreathing bag but significantly underestimated VO2ss by 7.5 +/- 6.7% (P less than 0.04) in the six subjects who rebreathed 21% O2 in the rebreathing bag. During exercise, VO2rb underestimated VO2ss by 4 +/- 12% (P less than 0.001) and by 7 +/- 6% at O2 consumptions greater than 2,000 ml/min if O2 in the rebreathing bag was kept above 20% throughout rebreathing. We found that VO2rb calculated with end-tidal gas concentrations underestimated VO2ss by 1-43% in patients with moderate-to-severe obstructive lung disease, with even greater errors when mixed expired samples were used. The magnitude of the discrepancy correlated poorly with abnormalities in standard pulmonary function tests. Based on these data, VO2rb closely approximates VO2ss in normal subjects, provided hypoxia during rebreathing is avoided and cardiac acceleration from rebreathing is taken into account during resting measurement.

Abstract WP249: Association of Reduced FEV1 and Stroke Risk

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Lyden ◽  
Adam De Havenon ◽  
Vivek Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Obstructive Lung Disease ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Cardiovascular Health Study ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Abnormal Pulmonary Function

Background: The systemic inflammation and oxidative stress of obstructive lung disease could promote cerebrovascular dysfunction and platelet hyperactivity, thereby increasing stroke risk 1-2 . There have been studies in the literature supporting an increased risk for stroke (ischemic and hemorrhagic) in patients with obstructive lung disease 3-4 . We aim to assess whether this association is confirmed using data collected from the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS). Methods: This is a secondary analysis of CHS. The primary outcome is ischemic stroke and the secondary outcome is hemorrhagic stroke. The primary predictor is abnormal pulmonary function at the baseline visit, defined as FEV1<80% of predicted. We fit Cox proportional hazards models and adjusted for baseline covariates that were associated with the outcomes, which for ischemic stroke included age, race, smoking, cholesterol, diabetes, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and history of TIA or myocardial infarction; and for hemorrhagic stroke included age, cholesterol, diabetes, and hypertension. Results: We included 5,438 patients, of whom 880 (16.2%) had ischemic stroke and 142 (2.6%) had hemorrhagic stroke. Mean (SD) days of follow-up was 4,458 (2,499). There were 331/5,438 (6.1%) of patients with abnormal pulmonary function at baseline, who had a higher risk of ischemic stroke (HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.05-1.76, p=0.019) (Figure 1). This remained significant in the adjusted multivariate model (HR 1.43, 95% CI 1.08-1.90, p=0.013). Abnormal pulmonary function was not associated with hemorrhagic stroke risk in either the unadjusted (p=0.635) or adjusted models (p=0.659). Conclusion: Patient’s with a reduced FEV1<80% were found to have an increased risk for ischemic stroke. However, this was not associated with an increased risk for hemorrhagic stroke, suggesting a less robust link between obstructive lung disease and hemorrhagic stroke risk.

A Double-Blind Parallel Study of Acetylcysteine-Isoproterenol and Saline-Isoproterenol in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease

1977 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen Cato ◽  
Ira Goldstein ◽  
Milton Millman
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Obstructive Lung Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Parallel Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Pre Treatment

A double-blind parallel study in patients with asthma compared the safety and efficacy of saline-isoproterenol (SI) and acetylcysteine-isoproterenol (AI), when administered at home as an aerosol, over a one-week period, using a conventional nebulizer compressor. Measurements of pulmonary function revealed statistically significant differences between the two therapies for FEV1 and FVC in favour of AI. In the group treated with AI, the average sputum viscosity after six days of treatment was significantly less than pre-treatment values, or when compared to the results with SI treatment. No serious side-effects were reported during treatment with either therapy. These results indicate that acetylcysteine combined with a bronchodilator, such as isoproterenol, may be safe and of significant value in the treatment of patients with asthma who are also sputum producers.

scholarly journals Pulmonary ventilation defects in older never-smokers

2014 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khadija Sheikh ◽  
Gregory A. Paulin ◽  
Sarah Svenningsen ◽  
Miranda Kirby ◽  
Nigel A. M. Paterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Obstructive Lung Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Pulmonary Ventilation ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Airflow Limitation ◽  
Second Hand Smoke ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Never Smokers

Hyperpolarized 3He MRI previously revealed spatially persistent ventilation defects in healthy, older compared with healthy, younger never-smokers. To understand better the physiological consequences and potential relevance of 3He MRI ventilation defects, we evaluated 3He-MRI ventilation-defect percent (VDP) and the effect of deep inspiration (DI) and salbutamol on VDP in older never-smokers. To identify the potential determinants of ventilation defects in these subjects, we evaluated dyspnea, pulmonary function, and cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) measurements, as well as occupational and second-hand smoke exposure. Fifty-two never-smokers (71 ± 6 yr) with no history of chronic respiratory disease were evaluated. During a single visit, pulmonary function tests, CPET, and 3He MRI were performed and the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease questionnaire administered. For eight of 52 subjects, there was spirometry evidence of airflow limitation (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease-Unclassified, I, and II), and occupational exposure was reported in 13 of 52 subjects. In 13 of 52 (25%) subjects, there were no ventilation defects and in 39 of 52 (75%) subjects, ventilation defects were observed. For those subjects with ventilation defects, six of 39 showed a VDP response to DI/salbutamol. Ventilation heterogeneity and VDP were significantly greater, and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity was significantly lower ( P < 0.05) for subjects with ventilation defects with a response to DI/salbutamol than subjects with ventilation defects without a response to DI/salbutamol and subjects without ventilation defects. In a step-wise, forward multivariate model, FEV1, inspiratory capacity, and airway resistance significantly predicted VDP ( R2 = 0.45, P < 0.001). In conclusion, most never-smokers had normal spirometry and peripheral ventilation defects not reversed by DI/salbutamol; such ventilation defects were likely related to irreversible airway narrowing/collapse but not to dyspnea and decreased exercise capacity.

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