scholarly journals Vitamin D Deficiency and Chronic Lung Disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R Gilbert ◽  
Seth M Arum ◽  
Cecilia M Smith
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Chronic Lung Disease ◽  
Obstructive Lung Disease ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Chronic Lung Diseases

Vitamin D deficiency is increasingly being recognized as a prevalent problem in the general population. Patients with chronic lung diseases such as asthma, cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive lung disease and interstitial pneumonia appear to be at increased risk for vitamin D deficiency for reasons that are not clear.Several studies indicate that vitamin D possesses a range of anti-inflammatory properties and may be involved in processes other than the previously believed functions of calcium and phosphate homeostasis. Various cytokines, cellular elements, oxidative stress and protease/antiprotease levels appear to affect lung fibroproliferation, remodelling and function, which may be influenced by vitamin D levels. Chronic lung diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive lung disease have also been linked to vitamin D on a genetic basis. This immune and genetic influence of vitamin D may influence the pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases. A recent observational study notes a significant association between vitamin D deficiency and decreased pulmonary function tests in a large ambulatory population.The present review will examine the current literature regarding vitamin D deficiency, its prevalence in patients with chronic lung disease, vitamin D anti-inflammatory properties and the role of vitamin D in pulmonary function.

Nutritional and pulmonary function assessment in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease

1981 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 461-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Therse Hynak ◽  
Mohamed S. Al-Ibrahim ◽  
Robert M. Russell ◽  
Gina Stanko ◽  
C.V.J. Verghease ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Obstructive Lung Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Function Assessment

A Double-Blind Parallel Study of Acetylcysteine-Isoproterenol and Saline-Isoproterenol in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease

1977 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen Cato ◽  
Ira Goldstein ◽  
Milton Millman
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Obstructive Lung Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Parallel Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Pre Treatment

A double-blind parallel study in patients with asthma compared the safety and efficacy of saline-isoproterenol (SI) and acetylcysteine-isoproterenol (AI), when administered at home as an aerosol, over a one-week period, using a conventional nebulizer compressor. Measurements of pulmonary function revealed statistically significant differences between the two therapies for FEV1 and FVC in favour of AI. In the group treated with AI, the average sputum viscosity after six days of treatment was significantly less than pre-treatment values, or when compared to the results with SI treatment. No serious side-effects were reported during treatment with either therapy. These results indicate that acetylcysteine combined with a bronchodilator, such as isoproterenol, may be safe and of significant value in the treatment of patients with asthma who are also sputum producers.

scholarly journals Serum Vitamin D in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Does Not Correlate with Mortality – Results from a 10-Year Prospective Cohort Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e53670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Back Holmgaard ◽  
Lone Hagens Mygind ◽  
Ingrid Louise Titlestad ◽  
Hanne Madsen ◽  
Palle Bach Nielsen Fruekilde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Obstructive Lung Disease ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Serum Vitamin D

scholarly journals Management of Pulmonary Hypertension Due to Chronic Lung Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-133
Author(s):  
Jordan Sugarman ◽  
Jason Weatherald
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Chronic Lung Disease ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Vasculature ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Parenchymal Lung

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a known complication of chronic parenchymal lung diseases, including chronic obstructive lung disease, interstitial lung diseases, and more rare parenchymal lung diseases. Together, these diseases encompass two of the five clinical classifications of PH: group 3 (chronic lung disease [CLD] and/or hypoxia) and group 5 (unclear and/or multifactorial mechanisms). The principal management strategy in PH associated with CLD is optimization of the underlying lung disease. There has been increasing interest in therapies that treat pulmonary arterial hypertension (group 1, PAH), and although some studies have explored the use of these oral PAH-targeted therapies to treat PH associated with CLD , there is currently no evidence to support their routine use; in fact, some studies suggest harm. Inhaled therapies that target the pulmonary vasculature may avoid certain problems observed with oral PAH therapies. Recent studies suggest a promising role for inhaled PAH therapies in group 3 PH, but this requires further study. The objective of this article is to review the current treatment strategies for group 3 and group 5 PH.

scholarly journals Pulmonary hypertensive vasculopathy in parenchymal lung diseases and/or hypoxia

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (144) ◽  
pp. 170003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Rosa Ghigna ◽  
Wolter J. Mooi ◽  
Katrien Grünberg
Keyword(s):  
Lung Disease ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Diffuse Lung Disease ◽  
Mean Pulmonary Arterial Pressure ◽  
Chronic Lung Diseases ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) with complicating chronic lung diseases and/or hypoxia falls into group 3 of the updated classification of PH. Patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD), diffuse lung disease (such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)) and with sleep disordered breathing are particularly exposed to the risk of developing PH. Although PH in such a context is usually mild, a minority of patients exhibit severe haemodynamic impairment, defined by a mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) of ≥35 mmHg or mPAP values ranging between 25 mmHg and 35 mmHg with a low cardiac index (<2 L·min−1·m−2). The overlap between lung parenchymal disease and PH heavily affects life expectancy in such a patient population and complicates their therapeutic management. In this review we illustrate the pathological features and the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of pulmonary circulation in chronic lung diseases, with an emphasis on COPD, IPF and obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome.

Severe Obstructive Lung Disease

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Kreit
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Obstructive Lung Disease ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Dynamic Hyperinflation ◽  
Airway Narrowing ◽  
Underlying Pathophysiology

Although chronic obstructive lung disease, asthma, bronchiectasis, and bronchiolitis have very different causes, clinical features, and therapies, they share the same underlying pathophysiology. They are referred to as obstructive lung diseases because airway narrowing causes increased resistance and slowing of expiratory gas flow. Mechanical ventilation of patients with severe obstructive lung disease often produces two problems that must be recognized and effectively managed: over-ventilation and dynamic hyperinflation. Severe Obstructive Lung Disease reviews these two major adverse consequences of mechanical ventilation in patients with severe air flow obstruction. The chapter explains how to detect and correct both of these problems and provides guidelines for managing patients with respiratory failure caused by severe obstructive lung disease.

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