scholarly journals Pilot study of participant-collected nasal swabs for acute respiratory infections in a low-income, urban population

2016 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Melissa Stockwell ◽  
Celibell Vargas ◽  
Liqun Wang ◽  
Yaritza Castellanos de Belliard ◽  
Maria Morban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Nasal Swabs

scholarly journals Comparison of the nasopharynx microbiome between influenza and non-influenza cases of severe acute respiratory infections: A pilot study

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. e47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Gustavo dos Anjos Borges ◽  
Adriana Giongo ◽  
Leandro de Mattos Pereira ◽  
Fernanda J. Trindade ◽  
Tatiana Schäffer Gregianini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Infections

scholarly journals Clinico-epidemiological profile of acute respiratory infections and malnutrition in urban and rural population of central India

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Pranav G. Jawade ◽  
Neelam D. Sukhsohale ◽  
Gayatri G. Jawade ◽  
Binish Z. A. Khan ◽  
Pratik K. Kakani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Population ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Central India ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARI) and Malnutrition in children have tremendous burden on the health care sector of developing nations including India. The intensity with which these conditions are holding grip in the community is indeed a matter of concern and hence developing nations should develop an insight to assess the severity of it has become a necessity.Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out in children aged 0-14 years. Children were clinically assessed and diagnosis was made as URTI or LRTI Also anthropometry was performed and accordingly children were divided into categories of no malnutrition (NM), severe acute malnutrition (SAM) and moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) in ‘under 5’ years age children according to WHO guidelines, whereas children aged ‘above 5’ years were categorized as per the IAP guidelines.Results: It was observed that most of the mothers of children were illiterate with inadequate or absent ventilation and use of biomass fuels (chulha) for cooking purpose in households of rural children. The proportion of malnutrition was found to be equal in Under 5 children. In ‘above 5 years’ age study subjects, 52.4% of urban study subjects were normal as compared to 16.7% of rural study subjects.Conclusions: Our study implies that ARI and Malnutrition definitely is more prevalent in the pediatric population. Prevalence of URTI was found to be on a higher side in the rural population and LRTI prevalence was found to be higher in the urban population. Similarly, the prevalence of malnutrition was almost similar in ‘Under 5’ aged children, whereas the prevalence of malnutrition in ‘Above 5’ aged children was higher in the rural population than urban population.

scholarly journals Changing Epidemiology of Acute Respiratory Infections in Under-Two Children in Dhaka, Bangladesh

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karine Vidal ◽  
Shamima Sultana ◽  
Alberto Prieto Patron ◽  
Irene Salvi ◽  
Maya Shevlyakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Prevention Measures

Objectives: Risk factors for acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in community settings are not fully understood, especially in low-income countries. We examined the incidence and risk factors associated with ARIs in under-two children from the Microbiota and Health study.Methods: Children from a peri-urban area of Dhaka (Bangladesh) were followed from birth to 2 years of age by both active surveillance of ARIs and regular scheduled visits. Nasopharyngeal samples were collected during scheduled visits for detection of bacterial facultative respiratory pathogens. Information on socioeconomic, environmental, and household conditions, and mother and child characteristics were collected. A hierarchical modeling approach was used to identify proximate determinants of ARIs.Results: Of 267 infants, 87.3% experienced at least one ARI episode during the first 2 years of life. The peak incidence of ARIs was 330 infections per 100 infant-years and occurred between 2 and 4 months of age. Season was the main risk factor (rainy monsoon season, incidence rate ratio [IRR] 2.43 [1.92–3.07]; cool dry winter, IRR 2.10 [1.65–2.67] compared with hot dry summer) in the first 2 years of life. In addition, during the first 6 months of life, young maternal age (<22 years; IRR 1.34 [1.01–1.77]) and low birth weight (<2,500 g; IRR 1.39 [1.03–1.89]) were associated with higher ARI incidence.Conclusions: Reminiscent of industrialized settings, cool rainy season rather than socioeconomic and hygiene conditions was a major risk factor for ARIs in peri-urban Bangladesh. Understanding the causal links between seasonally variable factors such as temperature, humidity, crowding, diet, and ARIs will inform prevention measures.

FACTORS INFLUENCING FACE MASK SELECTION AND DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS: RESULTS FROM PILOT STUDY AMONGST MALAYSIAN UMRAH PILGRIMS

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Asyraf Azman ◽  
Shahrul Anuwar Mohamed Yusof ◽  
Imran Abdullah ◽  
Irfan Mohamad ◽  
Javeed Shaikh Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Mask Design ◽  
The Face ◽  
Prevention Methods

Hajj is the largest annual gathering of Muslims during which time over two million people from different parts of the world are gathered within a small area, leading to very high risks of acute respiratory infections (ARI) for the pilgrims. Therefore, preventive measures and controls should be implemented, including the implementation of non-pharmaceutical prevention methods such as the use of appropriate face masks, hand hygiene, respiratory etiquette, social distancing, and quarantine. A pilot study was conducted in 2013 to identify the types of face masks used by Malaysian Umrah pilgrims as well as to identify the problems pertaining to the face masks being used and to understand the factors influencing the selection of face masks by Malaysian pilgrims. Observations and survey methods were used in the pilot study. Data was collected from thirty respondents through a survey. This paper presents the results of the pilot study. Based on the knowledge of factors influencing face mask usage and selection from the pilot study, new face mask design(s) will be proposed for the Malaysian pilgrims. It is anticipated that the use of new face mask design(s) can reduce the risk of acute respiratory infections in Hajj and Umrah pilgrims.  

scholarly journals A seroepidemiological study of respiratory syncytial virus infection in the Littoral Region of Cameroon

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henshaw Eyambe Mandi ◽  
Solomon Abebe Yimer ◽  
Cavin Epie Bekolo ◽  
Agnes Eyoh ◽  
Sindhiya Jan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Littoral Region ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Abstract BackgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is responsible for about 300 000 deaths in young children per year, and 99% of these occur in low-income countries. This study aimed to assess the burden of RSV infection among children less than two years with acute respiratory infections (ARI) in the littoral region of Cameroon. MethodsWe carried out a cross-sectional study in seven health facilities in the littoral region of Cameroon. Venous blood was collected using serum separation tubes from eligible children who visited these healthcare facilities with acute respiratory infections. ELISA determined the seroprevalence of anti-IgM RSV. Factors associated with RSV infection were ascertained using logistic regression. ResultsOut of 100 study participants, the overall RSV-associated ARI seroprevalence was 33% (95%CI:23.6-42.3). Factors significantly associated with RSV acquisition were age below six months (p=0.000) and mixed feeding (p=0.015). ConclusionsThe RSV burden is high among children less than two years with ARI in the littoral region of Cameroon. There is a need for an effective public health RSV surveillance system with standard laboratory techniques and equipment to better understand the RSV disease age-specific incidence, seasonality, and RSV burden among patients in the communities in Cameroon.

scholarly journals Disease burden and medical cost-analysis of Acute Respiratory Infections in a low-income district of Bogota

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Alberto Lara Oliveros ◽  
Diana De Graeve ◽  
Fabian Franco ◽  
Sandra Paola Daza
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Medical Cost ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections

scholarly journals Feasibility of a hybrid clinical trial for respiratory virus detection in toddlers during the influenza season

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soledad Muñoz-Ramírez ◽  
Begoña Escribano-López ◽  
Vallivana Rodrigo-Casares ◽  
Carlos Vergara-Hernández ◽  
Desamparados Gil-Mary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Nasal Swab ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Influenza Season ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Electronic Diaries ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Number Of Visits

Abstract Background Traditional clinical trials are conducted at investigator sites. Participants must visit healthcare facilities several times for the trial procedures. Decentralized clinical trials offer an interesting alternative. They use telemedicine and other technological solutions (apps, monitoring devices or web platforms) to decrease the number of visits to study sites, minimise the impact on daily routine, and decrease geographical barriers for participants. Not much information is available on the use of decentralization in randomized clinical trials with vaccines. Methods A hybrid clinical trial may be assisted by parental recording of symptoms using electronic log diaries in combination with home collected nasal swabs. During two influenza seasons, children aged 12 to 35 months with a history of recurrent acute respiratory infections were recruited in 12 primary health centers of the Valencia Region in Spain. Parents completed a symptom diary through an ad hoc mobile app that subsequently assessed whether it was an acute respiratory infection and requested collection of a nasal swab. Feasibility was measured using the percentage of returned electronic diaries and the validity of nasal swabs collected during the influenza season. Respiratory viruses were detected by real-time PCR. Results Ninety-nine toddlers were enrolled. Parents completed 10,476 electronic diaries out of the 10,804 requested (97%). The mobile app detected 188 potential acute respiratory infections (ARIs) and requested a nasal swab. In 173 (92%) ARI episodes a swab was taken. 165 (95.4%) of these swabs were collected at home and 144 (87.3%) of them were considered valid for laboratory testing. Overall, 152 (81%) of the ARIs detected in the study had its corresponding valid sample collected. Conclusions Hybrid procedures used in this clinical trial with the influenza vaccine in toddlers were considered adequate, as we diagnosed most of the ARI cases on time, and had a valid swab in 81% of the cases. Hybrid clinical trials improve participant adherence to the study procedures and could improve recruitment and quality of life of the participants and the research team by decreasing the number of visits to the investigator site. This report emphasises that the conduct of hybrid CTs is a valid alternative to traditional CTs with vaccines. This hybrid CT achieved high adherence of participant to the study procedures. Trial registration 2019–001186-33 (EudraCT).

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