scholarly journals Recent perspectives on the anticancer properties of aqueous extracts of Nigerian Vernonia amygdalina

2015 ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Howard ◽  
William Johnson ◽  
Shehla Pervin ◽  
Ernest Izevbigie
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Anticancer Properties

scholarly journals Antibacterial Potentials of Vernonia amygdalina against Antibiotic-Resistant Salmonella Specie Isolated from Nworie River, Imo State, Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 82-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinwe I. Chikwendu ◽  
Emmanuel Egbadon ◽  
Blessing Okuma
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Ethanol ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Imo State ◽  
Acetone Extracts ◽  
Antibacterial Potential

Salmonella specie were isolated from Nworie River and then tested against several antibiotics to include; Gentamycin, Streptomycin, Amoxycillin, Kanamycin, Oxacillin, Ofloxacin, Imipenem, Ciprofloxacin, Aztreonam and Ceftazidime. Salmonella isolates obtained from the river were resistant to at least three different antibiotics. All isolates were resistant to Amoxycillin, Oxacillin and Iminipem showing a 100% resistant rate, while showing sensitivity to Ciprofloxacin, Aztreonam, Gentamycin, Ceftazidime, Kanamycin, Streptomycin, and Ofloxacin at sensitivity rates of 71.4%, 7.1%, 77.1%, 11.4%, 44.3%, 48.6% and 78.6% respectively. The antibiotic-resistant Salmonella species were further tested against the aqueous, ethanol and acetone extracts of Vernonia amygdalina leaf, stem and roots to assess their antibacterial potential at a concentration of 100mg/ml. Aqueous extracts of the leaf, stem and roots showed no activity against antibiotic resistant Salmonella isolate, while the ethanol and acetone extracts showed activity rates of 20% and 17% for roots, 14.3% and 12.9% for stem, and, 15.7% and 11.4% for leaf. The results from this study further confirms the antibacterial potentials of Vernonia amygdalina against antibiotic-resistant bacterial isolates.

scholarly journals ASSESSING THE PHYTOCHEMICAL CONTENTS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF BITTER LEAF (VERNONIA AMYGDALINA) ON MICRO-ORGANISMS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (04) ◽  
pp. 477-483
Author(s):  
Andrew Omachi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Alternative Medicines ◽  
Perennial Shrub ◽  
Micro Organisms

Medicinal plants have assumed the basis of traditional medicine and have proven effective in human health care across the world. There is a growing interest in the role of complementary and alternative medicines to treat various illnesses. The continued consumption of antibiotic with little or no impact on bacteria have negatively affected health care delivery. Bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) is a popular shrub belonging to the family Asteraceae and a perennial shrub commonly cultivated as a homestead vegetable and fodder tree in various parts of Nigeria. The current study was conducted to assess the phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of bitter leaf on Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The result of the phytochemical analysis conducted on the root and stem bark of V. amygdalina revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannin, steroids, flavonoids, phenol, and saponins. However, it was found that tannins and phenol were mainly deposited in the plants stem bark.Also, the antimicrobial analysis conducted revealed that S. aureus was more vulnerable to the ethanol, acetone, and hot aqueous extracts of V. amygdalina. while, P. aeruginosa, and C. Albicans showed sensitivity to ethanol and acetone exposure but failed to react to the hot aqueous extracts.The study concludes that the observed biological reactions shown by the aqueous extracts of V. amygdalina corroborate the traditional application of this plant as an alternative antibiotic.

Protective Role of Vernonia Amygdalina Leaf Aqueous Extract Against Neomycin-Induced Hair Cell Damage in Transgenic Zebrafish

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 366-372
Author(s):  
Chia-Fang Hsu ◽  
Fu-An Yang ◽  
Shih-Chuan Liu ◽  
Shuan-Yow Li ◽  
Hao-Wei Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Hair Cell ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Transgenic Zebrafish ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina

Aminoglycoside treatment increases the loss of hair cells in the inner ear. Once the hair cells are lost, they are unable to regenerate spontaneously, and the resulting hearing loss is profound and irreversible in humans. The aqueous extract from the leaves of Vernonia amygdalina has been reported to have antioxidant properties. In this study, we evaluated whether the aqueous extracts of Vernonia amygdalina leaf could protect hair cells from aminoglycoside-induced damage using a transgenic zebrafish line. Our results showed that the EC50 of 1,1-Diphenyl-2 picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate), a measure of antioxidant capacity, of the aqueous extracts of Vernonia amygdalina leaf was 11.31 mg/mL and 2.73 mg/mL, respectively. Moreover, the total phenolic and flavonoids contents were 11.48 ŷ 3.12 mg gallic acid/g and 6.89 ŷ 0.65 mg catechin/g, respectively. In the toxicology study, the larval survival rate was significantly decreased and was dependent on the dosage of aqueous extracts of Vernonia amygdalina leaf, whereas it had no significant toxicity at doses below 2.5 mg/mL concentration (survival rate = 100%). Furthermore, a hair cell survival study shows that aqueous extracts of Vernonia amygdalina leaf decreased neomycin-induced hair cell death in a dose-dependent manner (survival rate = ∼94.1 ŷ 3.1% at 2 mg/mL concentration). Overall, these results suggest that the aqueous extracts of Vernonia amygdalina leaf possess the antioxidant effect and protects against hair cell loss caused by toxic side effects of neomycin. An optimal aqueous extract of Vernonia amygdalina leaf can be consumed as an herbal medicine without probable toxicity to body tissues and organs.

scholarly journals In vitro antimicrobial activity of some plant extracts against Arcobacter butzleri and Arcobacter cryaerophilus

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yemisi Olukemi Adesiji ◽  
Racheal Adekemi Akanni ◽  
Olusegun Adelowo Adefioye ◽  
Sunday Samuel Taiwo
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Reference Strain ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
Chicken Isolate ◽  
Arcobacter Butzleri

Background: There are increasing reports of resistance to current antibiotics employed in treatment of Arcobacter related infections. Materials and Methods: Carica papaya, Vernonia amygdalina, Ocimum gratissimum and Momordica charantia were tested against A. butzleri reference strain (ABSH3-1137) and A. cryaerophilus isolated from pig and chicken using disk diffusion technique. Results: The aqueous extract of C. papaya inhibited the growth of A. butzleri at inhibitory dose (ID) of 0.5 mg and the two A. cryaerophilus at ID of 1 mg while the methanol extract did not inhibit the growth of any strains. The aqueous and methanol extracts of V. amygdalina inhibited the growth of A. cryaerophilus isolated from pig and chicken at ID of 10 mg but did not inhibit A. butzleri. The methanol extracts of O. gratissimum inhibited A. butzleri and A. cryaerophilus pig isolate at ID of 2.5 mg and the chicken isolate at ID of 1 mg. The aqueous extracts of O. gratissimum inhibited A. butzleri, A. cryaerophilus of chicken isolate at ID of 5 mg, and A. cryaerophilus of pig isolate at 2.5 mg. The methanol extracts of M. charantia had ID of 2.5 mg for A. butzleri and A. cryaerophilus pig isolate and ID of 1 mg for A. cryaerophilus chicken isolate while the aqueous extracts had ID of 5 mg for all the three strains tested. Conclusions: The result obtained from this study showed that both aqueous and methanol extracts of four commonly used herbs in Nigeria inhibited the growth of Arcobacter species to a varying degree with the aqueous extract of C. papaya leaves reported in vitro highest antimicrob­ial activity and thereby may serve as potential sources for new antimicrob­ial agents against Arcobacter.

scholarly journals Biocidal activity of the extracts of Vernonia amygdalina against ticks responsible for livestock diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-491
Author(s):  
Muhimuzi Bisusa ◽  
Mashimango Bagalwa ◽  
Dieudonné N Zirirane ◽  
Nachigera Mushagalusa ◽  
Katcho Karume
Keyword(s):  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Biocidal Activity ◽  
Cattle Ticks ◽  
Livestock Diseases

Biocidal activity of Vernonia amygdalina was assessed on Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks responsible for livestock diseases in North and South-Kivu provinces. In vitro trials were conducted in the laboratory of Lwiro Research Center for Natural Sciences to determine the lethal dose for different days after ticks contact with extracts. Five different dosages of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 g/mL were evaluated. Water was considered as positive control and Batycol as negative control. The phytochemical screening of extracts of Vernonia amygdalina plant shows that this plant contains several substances responsible for acaricidal activity, mainly saponins, terpenoids, steroids and tannins. The experiment shows a mortality rate that varies with the concentration of the extracts; the most fatal is 20 g/mL and decreases with exposure time. The aqueous extracts showed a progressive decrease in mortality compared to ethanol extracts. This is due to the dissolution of the substances responsible for this insecticidal activity. The study recommends the application of aqueous extracts of Vernonia amygdalina in the fight against cattle ticks. Indeed, this is a natural insecticide available and easier to prepare, non-toxic to humans and is rapidly degraded in the environment.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Anticancer Activity of Phytomolecules Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized by Aqueous Extracts of Zingiber officinale (Ginger) and Nigella sativa L. Seeds (Black Cumin)

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3368
Author(s):  
Alaa H. Alkhathlan ◽  
Hessah A. Al-Abdulkarim ◽  
Merajuddin Khan ◽  
Mujeeb Khan ◽  
Musaed Alkholief ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
Au Nps ◽  
Anticancer Properties

The conventional physical and chemical synthetic methods for the preparation of metal nanoparticles have disadvantages as they use expensive equipment and hazardous chemicals which limit their applications for biomedical purposes, and are not environment friendly. However, for the synthesis of biocompatible nanomaterials, plant-based techniques are eco-friendly and easy to handle. Herein a simple, single-step biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles using aqueous extracts of Nigella sativa (NSE) and Zingiber officinale (GE) as a reducing and capping agent has been demonstrated. The formation of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) was confirmed by X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis, and EDS spectroscopies. Spectroscopic and chromatographic analysis of GE and NSE revealed the presence of bioactive phytochemical constituents, such as gingerol, thymoquinone, etc., which successfully conjugated the surface of resulting Au NPs. TEM analysis indicated the formation of smaller-sized, less-aggregated, spherical-shaped Au NPs both in the case of GE (~9 nm) and NSE (~11 nm). To study the effect of the concentration of the extracts on the quality of resulting NPs and their anticancer properties, three different samples of Au NPs were prepared from each extract by varying the concentration of extracts while keeping the amount of precursor constant. In both cases, high-quality, spherical-shaped NPs were obtained, only at a high concentration of the extract, whereas at lower concentrations, larger-sized, irregular-shaped NPs were formed. Furthermore, the as-prepared Au NPs were evaluated for the anticancer properties against two different cell lines including MDA-MB-231 (breast cancer) and HCT 116 (colorectal cancer) cell lines. GE-conjugated Au NPs obtained by using a high concentration of the extract demonstrated superior anticancer properties when compared to NSE-conjugated counterparts.

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