scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI ARSITEKTUR TROPIS PADA BANGUNAN LAMA DI JALAN SITI KHADIJAH KOTA BENGKULU

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
Fitrianty Wardhani ◽  
Dwi Oktavallyan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Tropical Climate ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Architectural Elements ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Tropical Architecture ◽  
Low Wind Speeds ◽  
The Tropics

Title: Identify tropical architecture in the old building at Jalan Siti Khadijah Bengkulu City Tropical architecture tries to deal with the tropical climate problems characterized by heavy rain, blazing sun, high air temperatures, high humidity (for humid tropics), and low wind speeds. The realization of a sustainable tropical city requires building environmentally responsive designs. The efforts could be made, such as selecting materials and models on buildings' external and internal appearance that suit to tropical city. Old buildings used to be built to adapt to the local climate. One of them is the old buildings on Khadijah street, which the existence is almost gone now. This study aims to identify the tropics element in old buildings that have adapted to the tropical climate. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method in case studies through observation and identification of the application of tropical architectural elements in the external appearance (building and roof orientation) and the internal appearance in the building (space, floor, wall, and opening patterns). The aim of this research is to fulfill the arguments for the community about the significance of maintaining the old buildings. This finding is needed to provide a logical reason for the community and government to conserve the old buildings in Bengkulu City.

scholarly journals TRANSFORMASI FASAD PADA BANGUNAN KOLONIAL GEREJA GPIB IMMANUEL KOTA DEPOK LAMA

Vitruvian ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Ivana Yesika Leatimia ◽  
Rahil Muhammad Hasbi
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
New Era ◽  
Architectural Elements ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The Government ◽  
Building Technique ◽  
Changing Process ◽  
European Architecture

ABSTRAKArsitektur akan selalu mengalami perubahan. Hal ini merupakan sifat alami dari arsitektur. Perubahan ini seringkali terjadi sesuai dengan masa dan teknologi yang sedang berkembang. Salah satu arsitektur yang banyak mengalami perubahan adalah arsitektur kolonial Indonesia. Arsitektur kolonial Indonesia muncul di masa penjajahan Belanda terhadap Indonesia. Arsitektur ini muncul akibat percampuran antara arsitektur Eropa dengan budaya dan cara membangun di Indonesia serta penyesuaian diri terhadap iklim setempat. Bangunan dengan arsitektur kolonial di beberapa tempat sudah dijadikan sebagai bangunan konservasi oleh pemerintah sebagai pengingat sejarah perkembangan Indonesia. Meskipun begitu, di beberapa wilayah terdapat bangunan-bangunan dengan arsitektur kolonial yang luput perhatian dari pemerintah sehingga tidak di konservasi. Hal ini menyebabkan bangunan-bangunan tersebut dihancurkan dan diganti dengan yang baru ataupun berubah bentuk fisiknya karena menyesuaikan diri dengan zaman dan perkembangan teknologi. Sebagai contoh adalah bangunan Gereja Gereja GPIB Immanuel di Kota Depok Lama yang telah banyak mengalami perubahan. tetapi walaupun begitu karakteristik dari arsitektur kolonial masih bisa terlihat walaupun di dibeberapa bagian fasad sudah menunjukkan banyak perubahan. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini ingin melihat bagaimana perubahan yang terjadi pada fasad gereja GPIB Immanuel di kota Depok Lama. Hal ini dilakukan untuk melihat bagaimana bangunan dengan arsitektur kolonial yang tidak dikonservasi beradaptasi dengan perkembangan zaman serta untuk melihat factor-faktor apa saja yang dapat menyebabkan perubahan tersebut. Penelitian akan dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan melihat perubahan fasad dari periode penjajahan (sekitar tahun 1920) dan dimasa sekarang. Hasil penelitian adalah terdapat beberapa perubahan pada elemen-elemen arsitektur fasad yang dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor seperti faktor Agama, kebutuhan, faktor Iklim, Estetika, dan perubahan di sekitar lokasi studi.Kata Kunci:   Fasad, arsitektur kolonial, Gereja ABSTRACTIndonesian kolonial architecture emerged during the Dutch occupation of Indonesia. This architecture arises because of the conglomeration of European architecture with Indonesian culture, building technique, and adaptation to the local climate. Kolonial architecture’s building in some places has been made as conservation buildings by the government. The aim is to make this building as a reminder of Indonesia's historical development. Nevertheless, in some areas, there are buildings with kolonial architecture that have been missed by the government so they are not preserved. This causes the building has is demolished and replaced with new ones or change it's physical form because the building has to adapt to the new era and technology. An example is the GPIB Immanuel Church in Depok Lama which has undergone many changes. Notwithstanding, the characteristics of kolonial architecture can still be seen in some parts of the façade. Therefore this study wants to see to what extent the Immanuel GPIB church facade has been changed. The purposes are to see how buildings with kolonial architecture that were not preserved, adapted to the new era and also to see what factors could cause this changing. This research is conducted using qualitative descriptive methods by observing at the façade changing. The observation is done by comparing to eras to see the changing process which is the kolonial period (around 1920) and in the present (2019). The results of this study are; there are some changes in the facade even though the kolonial characteristic still can be seen in some architectural elements. The changes are influenced by many factors such as religion, needs, climate, aesthetics, and changes in site boundaries.Keywords: Facade, Kolonial Architecture, Church

scholarly journals Inconsistencies in the “New” Windchill Chart at Low Wind Speeds

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 787-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avraham Shitzer ◽  
Richard de Dear
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Convective Heat Exchange ◽  
The United States ◽  
Exchange Coefficient ◽  
Heat Exchange Coefficient ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Speed Condition ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Low Wind Speeds ◽  
Calm Wind

Abstract An apparent error was detected in the calculation of windchill equivalent temperatures (WCETs) in the “new” chart and corresponding equation that were adopted in 2001 by the weather services in the United States and Canada. The problem is caused by significant discontinuities in WCETs at the assumed “calm” wind speed condition of 1.34 m s−1. As a result, published WCETs are not equal to, as they should be by definition, but are lower than air temperatures at the assumed calm wind speed condition. This inconsistency further propagates to higher wind speeds beyond the assumed calm condition. In this paper, a straightforward correction is proposed to circumvent these inconsistencies of the new windchill. The proposed correction makes this transition gradual rather than abrupt by applying it to the expression used for estimating the effects of wind on the convective heat exchange coefficient between humans and their cold and windy environment.

An Introduction to the Near–Real–Time QuikSCAT Data

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 476-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross N. Hoffman ◽  
S. Mark Leidner
Keyword(s):  
Data Quality ◽  
Objective Function ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Ocean Surface ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
The North ◽  
Ocean Surface Winds ◽  
Low Wind Speeds ◽  
Meteorological Features

Abstract The NASA Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) satellite carries the SeaWinds instrument, the first satellite-borne scanning radar scatterometer. QuikSCAT, which was launched on 19 June 1999, is designed to provide accurate ocean surface winds in all conditions except for moderate to heavy rain (i.e., except for vertically integrated rain rate >2.0 km mm h−1, the value used to tune the SeaWinds rain flag). QuikSCAT data are invaluable in providing high-quality, high-resolution winds to detect and locate precisely significant meteorological features and to produce accurate ocean surface wind analyses. QuikSCAT has an 1800-km-wide swath. A representative swath of data in the North Atlantic at 2200 UTC 28 September 2000, which contains several interesting features, reveals some of the capabilities of QuikSCAT. Careful quality control is vital for flagging data that are affected by rain and for flagging errors during ambiguity removal. In addition, an understanding of the instrument and algorithm characteristics provides insights into the factors controlling data quality for QuikSCAT. For example data quality is reduced for low wind speeds, and for locations either close to nadir or to the swath edges. The special data characteristics of the QuikSCAT scatterometer are revealed by examining the likelihood or objective function. The objective function is equal to the sum of squared scaled differences between observed and simulated normalized reflected radar power. The authors present typical examples and discuss the associated data quality concerns for different parts of the swath, for different wind speeds, and for rain versus no rain.

scholarly journals THE APPLICATION OF TROPICAL ARCHITECTURE CONCEPT AT BUILDING OF SMP ALAM LEBAH PUTIH SALATIGA

Arsitektura ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Dea Sekar ◽  
Gunawan Gunawan ◽  
Sri Yuliani
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Tropical Climate ◽  
Design Analysis ◽  
Learning Method ◽  
Educational Model ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Tropical Architecture

<p><em>The school of nature is an educational model that utilizes nature's potential as the main learning method. Therefore, to realize a natural school that can pay attention to the surrounding natural conditions, then selected using the principle design of tropical architecture. The application of the concept of tropical architecture to the building of SMP Alam Lebah Putih aims to support natural-based learning method and to exploit local climate potential, that is tropical climate. The research method used is applied research, through the exploration of ideas and data collection which then concluded and become the guidance in the design analysis. The application of the principle of tropical architecture in the building of SMP Alam Lebah Putih, based on the analysis that is set on the mass building, the building mass, the orientation of the building, and the material applied.</em><em></em></p>

Flights after sunset by the Australian plagye locust, Chortoicetes terminifera (Walk.) and their significance in dispersal and migration

1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
DP Clark
Keyword(s):  
Major Part ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Pressure Gradients ◽  
Random Orientation ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Mass Displacement ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Low Wind Speeds

Adult C. terminifera take off shortly after sunset, climb steeply into the air, and fly out of sight. This steep take-off differs from that of locusts that take flight during the day. One important factor which induces take-off appears to be decreasing light intensity. Take-off has been recorded at air temperatures as low as 17*5"C, relative humidities that ranged from 9 to 70%, and surface wind speeds (at 2 m) which varied from 1 .7 to 21 -2 ft/sec. Initially the locusts take off into wind. At low surface wind speeds individuals subsequently fly out of sight, dispersing in various directions, but at winds in excess of 6 ftlsec the locusts orient and fly downwind. Hundreds of individuals were seen flying away from concentrations of sexually immature adults on successive evenings in 1969. It appears that flight occurs on practically every evening when temperatures are suitable. Significant numbers of C. terminifera appear at lights during the night only during disturbed weather caused by the approach and passage of depressions. In view of the random orientation of flying locusts with respect to wind at low wind speeds, it is suggested that under dry anticyclonic conditions with slight pressure gradients flights after sunset would lead to widespread dispersal, i.e. scattering of individuals over large areas. The downwind orientation at higher wind speeds, which would result in greater displacement, is associated with the approach and passage of depressions (low pressure systems) and the development of storms. In addition to this the increased turbulence of the winds accelerating ahead of the depression (mainly northerlies) and the convergent air flow from the opposite quarter behind the depression would lead to concentration of the locusts in flight. The hypothesis outlined above would explain the striking changes in distribution and densities that frequently occur among populations of adult C. terminifera. Dispersal under dry anticyclonic conditions, and concentration and mass displacement during periods of disturbed weather during which rain-storms may produce conditions favourable for breeding, play an important part in the survival of C. terminifera. In the major part of its distribution area the probability of effective rain in any particular locality is low.

scholarly journals Spatial variations of local climate at Taylor Dome, Antarctica: implications for paleoclimate from ice cores

1994 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 219-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.D. Waddington ◽  
D.L. Morse
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Source Region ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Temperature Inversion ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Inversion Strength

10m firn temperatures are commonly used on the Antarctic plateau to estimate mean annual air temperatures. 10m firn temperatures measured at Taylor Dome (also referred to as McMurdo Dome in the literature), Antarctica, are influenced by a factor other than altitude and latitude that varies systematically across Taylor Dome. Some inter-related factors possibly contributing to the modern temperature variability are differences in sensible heat from warm or cold air masses, differences in wind strength and source region, differences in temperature inversion strength and differences in cloudiness. Our preliminary data are compatible with spatially variable katabatic winds that could control the winter temperature inversion strength to provide a large part of the signal. This has implications for paleoclimate studies.(1) Variations of the stable isotopes δ18O and δD from ice cores are a proxy for paleotemperature. The isotope thermometer is calibrated by comparing local isotope ratios with corresponding measured temperatures. In order to derive a useful isotope-temperature calibration, we must understand the processes that control the modern spatial variability of temperature. (2) In order to quantify past changes in local climate, we must understand processes that influence local spatial variability. If those processes differed in the past, ice-core climate reconstruction would be affected in two ways: through alteration of the geochemical record and through alteration of deep ice and firn temperatures.

scholarly journals Canard optimization for enhancing the performance of small horizontal axis wind turbine at low wind speeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
Yui-Chuin Shiah ◽  
Chia Hsiang Chang ◽  
Yu-Jen Chen ◽  
Ankam Vinod Kumar Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Horizontal Axis ◽  
Power Coefficient ◽  
Peak Performance ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Optimum Parameters ◽  
Low Wind Speeds

ABSTRACT Generally, the environmental wind speeds in urban areas are relatively low due to clustered buildings. At low wind speeds, an aerodynamic stall occurs near the blade roots of a horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT), leading to decay of the power coefficient. The research targets to design canards with optimal parameters for a small-scale HAWT system operated at variable rotational speeds. The design was to enhance the performance by delaying the aerodynamic stall near blade roots of the HAWT to be operated at low wind speeds. For the optimal design of canards, flow fields of the sample blades with and without canards were both simulated and compared with the experimental data. With the verification of our simulations, Taguchi analyses were performed to seek the optimum parameters of canards. This study revealed that the peak performance of the optimized canard system operated at 540 rpm might be improved by ∼35%.

scholarly journals Dependence of Power Characteristics on Savonius Rotor Segmentation

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2912
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Doerffer ◽  
Janusz Telega ◽  
Piotr Doerffer ◽  
Paulina Hercel ◽  
Andrzej Tomporowski
Keyword(s):  
High Wind ◽  
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Savonius Rotor ◽  
Power Characteristics ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Single Segment ◽  
High Elongation ◽  
Low Wind Speeds ◽  
Number Of Segments ◽  
Rotor Type

Savonius rotors are large and heavy because they use drag force for propulsion. This leads to a larger investment in comparison to horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) rotors using lift forces. A simple construction of the Savonius rotor is preferred to reduce the production effort. Therefore, it is proposed here to use single-segment rotors of high elongation. Nevertheless, this rotor type must be compared with a multi-segment rotor to prove that the simplification does not deteriorate the effectiveness. The number of segments affects the aerodynamic performance of the rotor, however, the results shown in the literature are inconsistent. The paper presents a new observation that the relation between the effectiveness of single- and multi-segment rotors depends on the wind velocity. A single-segment rotor becomes significantly more effective than a four-segment rotor at low wind speeds. At high wind speeds, the effectiveness of both rotors becomes similar.

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