Measuring Trade Union Rights: A Country-Level Indicator Constructed from Coding Violations Recorded in Textual Sources

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Kucera
Keyword(s):  
Trade Union ◽  
Level Indicator ◽  
Country Level

scholarly journals Determinants of the Adoption of Integrated Reports: An International Investigation

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Md. Jahidur Rahman ◽  
Pan Li ◽  
Rashedul Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Trade Union ◽  
Investor Protection ◽  
Union Density ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Business Environments ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Reporting Decisions ◽  
Low Levels

This study examines the determinants of companies’ reporting decisions. We employ three measures at the country-level: (1) investor protection, (2) trade union density, and (3) economic development. Regression model analysis was used to measure whether companies used integrated reports (IR) or traditional sustainable reports. Using sample data from Fortune Global 300 for the year 2017, which is the latest available data, this paper follows logistic regression models. The study finds out that the probabilities of publication of IR are high in countries with high trade union density, weak investor protection, and low levels of economic development. These results help companies and managers to better cope with current business environments.

scholarly journals Stunted upward mobility in a learning environment reduces the academic benefits of growth mindsets

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (10) ◽  
pp. e2011832118
Author(s):  
Lile Jia ◽  
Chun Hui Lim ◽  
Ismaharif Ismail ◽  
Yia Chin Tan
Keyword(s):  
Learning Environment ◽  
Upward Mobility ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Educational Mobility ◽  
Level Indicator ◽  
Academic Benefits ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Unit Increase

Does stunted upward mobility in an educational system impede beneficial psychological processes of learning? We predicted that growth mindsets of intelligence, a well-established psychological stimulant to learning, would be less potent in low-mobility, as compared to high-mobility, learning environments. An analysis of a large cross-national dataset and a longitudinal experiment accumulated converging evidence for this hypothesis. Study 1 examined data from 15-y-old students across 30 countries (n = 235,141 persons). Replicating past findings, growth mindsets positively predicted students’ math, science, and reading literacy. More importantly, the country-level indicator of educational mobility (i.e., the percentage of children from low-education households to graduate from tertiary education) moderated the effect of growth mindsets. Depending on the subject, the gain in predicted academic performance from a one-unit increase in growth mindsets was reduced by 42 to 45% from a high-mobility to a low-mobility country. Results were robust with or without important covariates. Study 2 experimentally manipulated people’s perception of mobility in a carefully constructed learning environment. The moderating role of educational mobility was replicated and extended to learning behavior, which subsequently predicted performance. Evidence further suggests that in high-mobility environments, both advantaged and disadvantaged learners benefited from growth mindsets, albeit likely through diverging mechanisms; when the effect of growth mindsets was attenuated in low-mobility environments, the potential for the disadvantaged to overcome the performance gap was also limited. Implications for galvanizing the upward mobility of the disadvantaged, evaluating the effectiveness of mindset interventions, and conceptualizing social mobility from a psychological perspective are discussed.

scholarly journals How do union membership, union density and institutionalization affect perceptions of conflict between management and workers?

2020 ◽  
pp. 095968012096354
Author(s):  
Josef Ringqvist
Keyword(s):  
Trade Union ◽  
Union Membership ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Union Density ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
International Social

This article contributes to debates about trade unions and conflict by studying how individuals’ perceptions of conflicts between management and workers relate to trade union membership, country-level trade union density and institutionalization (collective bargaining coverage, centralization and policy concertation). Hierarchical multi-level models are fitted to data from the International Social Survey Programme from 2009. The results show that union members tend to be more likely than non-members to perceive management–worker conflicts and that this appears not to vary substantially between countries. However, regardless of union membership, individuals in countries with higher trade union density and with policy concertation tend to be significantly less likely to perceive conflicts. These findings highlight the risk of atomic fallacies in research limited to the individual-level effects of union membership. Contrary to an argument often raised by pluralists, neither bargaining coverage nor centralization has significant effects. Overall, the results question depictions of trade unions as divisive organizations.

Three Paradoxical Effects on Academic Self-Concept Across Countries, Schools, and Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert W. Marsh ◽  
Philip D. Parker ◽  
Reinhard Pekrun
Keyword(s):  
International Student ◽  
Student Assessment ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
School Level ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
International Student Assessment ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Starting School

Abstract. We simultaneously resolve three paradoxes in academic self-concept research with a single unifying meta-theoretical model based on frame-of-reference effects across 68 countries, 18,292 schools, and 485,490 15-year-old students. Paradoxically, but consistent with predictions, effects on math self-concepts were negative for: • being from countries where country-average achievement was high; explaining the paradoxical cross-cultural self-concept effect; • attending schools where school-average achievement was high; demonstrating big-fish-little-pond-effects (BFLPE) that generalized over 68 countries, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)/non-OECD countries, high/low achieving schools, and high/low achieving students; • year-in-school relative to age; unifying different research literatures for associated negative effects for starting school at a younger age and acceleration/skipping grades, and positive effects for starting school at an older age (“academic red shirting”) and, paradoxically, even for repeating a grade. Contextual effects matter, resulting in significant and meaningful effects on self-beliefs, not only at the student (year in school) and local school level (BFLPE), but remarkably even at the macro-contextual country-level. Finally, we juxtapose cross-cultural generalizability based on Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) data used here with generalizability based on meta-analyses, arguing that although the two approaches are similar in many ways, the generalizability shown here is stronger in terms of support for the universality of the frame-of-reference effects.

TBE in Romania

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Passive Surveillance ◽  
Notifiable Disease ◽  
Territorial Expansion ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Regular Screening ◽  
Passive Surveillance System ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Risk Areas

Based on an epidemiological survey,1 human TBEV neuroinfections may have an endemic emergent course, and natural foci are in full territorial expansion. Identified risk areas are Tulcea district, Transylvania, at the base of the Carpathian Mountains and the Transylvanian Alps.2,3 TBE has been a notifiable disease since 1996. Surveillance of TBE is not done at the country level, only regionally in some counties (northern/central/western part, close to Hungary). The passive surveillance system was implemented in 2008. However, there is no regular screening and the relative risk of contracting this disease is unknown. In 1999, an outbreak of TBE in humans was recorded with a total of at least 38 human cases.4

Petunjuk Waktu Untuk Tuna Netra Dengan Output Suara

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Aan Febriansyah ◽  
Muslim Fathillah ◽  
Nurdin Nurdin
Keyword(s):  
Special Needs ◽  
Blind People ◽  
Storage Unit ◽  
Level Indicator ◽  
Normal People ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Time Information ◽  
Voice Output

Nowaday time indicator as hour and calendar constitutes necessary for thing a lot of person to trip routines. In general, the clock and the calendar can only be seen by normal people. People with special needs, its example is blind will have difficulty in using the clock and the calendar Get bearing with that problem, therefore to help that blind is designed and made by time indicator tool with voice output. Generally, the tool's instructions when using RTC DS1307, is microcontroller ATmega16 and ISD 25 120. Information about hour, minute, date, month, and year obtained from DS1307 RTC is accessed using microcontroller ATmega16, then from the data when the information obtained is matched in the voice storage unit on ISD25120. As a results,will be obtained time information data such as voice. Besides, time setting, alarm, battery level indicator, and charge the battery with the sound as well is the tool is equipped permanently. Finally, this tool can help the blind people to be more independent in making it easier to tell the time in living day-to-day activities.

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