Welfare Magnets, Border Effects or Policy Regulations: What Determinants Drive Migration Flows into the EU?

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Peridy
Keyword(s):  
Border Effects ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
The Eu

Welfare Magnets, Border Effects or Policy Regulations: What Determinants Drive Migration Flows into the EU?

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1850097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas J Peridy
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
Border Effects ◽  
Time Migration ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
Migration Theories ◽  
New Variables ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

In recent years, there has been a lack of empirical work devoted to the explanation of migration patterns into the European Union with the exception of country specific studies. At the same time, migration theories have undergone a considerable renewal, which has led to the development of new variables for explaining migration decisions. Three of them are of particular interest in the EU case, namely welfare magnets, border effects and policy regulations. This paper aims at explaining recent migration trends into the EU. A first contribution is to provide an original eclectic theoretical model from the new developments in migration theories. Second, an empirical panel data model is developed in order to explain the emigration rate into 18 EU countries, from 67 source countries over the past 10 years. Finally, this model simultaneously tests the impact of the traditional and the new variables on migration flows into the EU. From both static and dynamic panel data estimators, the results show that the new variables are of particular significance, compared to traditional ones.

Common Visa Policy: Bordering from Abroad—Applying Admission Criteria before Departure

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violeta Moreno-Lax
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Admission Criteria ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Common ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Visa Policy ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Common Policy

Visas are specifically aimed at controlling admission at the stage of pre-departure and constitute one of the essential requirements for entry under the Schengen Borders Code. This chapter examines the common policy of the EU, conceptualizing them as pre-authorizations of entry granted before arrival in the territory of the Member States. Visa requirements, as introduced in the Visa Regulation, are perused at the outset, taking account of periodic revisions of the visa lists and the criteria for amendment considered relevant by the EU legislator. The key features of the uniform visa format and the Visa Information System (VIS) are briefly presented, highlighting their contribution to the securitisation of migration flows. Then, the visa issuing procedure, as governed by the Community Code on Visas (CCV), is examined. The final section is reserved to the analysis of the implications of the different components of the policy regarding access to asylum in the Member States.

scholarly journals MUSEUMS, MIGRATION AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY – RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MUSEUM WORK

Muzealnictwo ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margherita Sani
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
European Level ◽  
Social Responsibilities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Theoretical Issues ◽  
Effective Integration ◽  
The Eu

The role of museums in society has expanded significantly in the last decades: from temples of knowledge to forums for debate and discussion, from repositories of objects to people-centred institutions with social responsibilities and functions. This shift reflects an ongoing trend to democratise museums and make them more accessible to wider audiences and responsive to the public’s changing needs, in particular the interests of local communities, whose composition has changed in recent years to include migrants and people of different ethnic backgrounds. With annual migration flows to the EU as a whole projected to increase from about 1 043 000 people in 2010 to 1 332 500 by 2020, the question of how cultural institutions can contribute to effective integration and dialogue has become more relevant than ever. Funders and society at large expect museums to play their part in facilitating the integration and peaceful coexistence of newcomers, with financial resources being made available, also at the EU level, to support them in this effort. Many questions can be raised as to whether it is right and appropriate to charge museums with these responsibilities and whether this would push the boundaries of their work too far and give the social function an exceedingly prominent role over the traditional conservation and educational tasks museums already fulfil. But this discussion seems to be already obsolete in the light of the growing body of evidence on good practices available at the European level. This essay aims to illustrate some of them, as well as to discuss some underpinning theoretical issues and methodological approaches.

scholarly journals Necessary borders for negotiation: the role of translation

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
David Ar Rouz
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
European Language ◽  
Social Distinction ◽  
European Institutions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Translation Services ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
The Eu

Translation is usually deemed to help bridge gaps but seldom thought of as a means of strengthening or, at least, highlighting borders. The present article uses the example of translations involving the Breton language in order to show that translation may favour negotiation by both helping negotiators to understand each other and having them recognise the social border that makes them different. The article explains firstly the author’s understanding of borders and negotiation. Secondly, the case of translation from and into Breton is examined. And finally, the discussion is extended to the European institutions, where European language policy also illustrates the dual function of translation in negotiation. The example of Breton evidences that translation fosters social distinction, language development and cooperation. At the EU level, the same roles are assumed by translation services and they contribute moreover to the legitimacy of the institutions and to the exercise of democracy. Such a conclusion invites to consider translation as an adequate means to manage language and cultural differences, even compared to language learning. It may be used, then, to deal with pressing issues such as the current migration flows to Europe.

scholarly journals ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL MECHANISMS TO COUNTERACTION ILLEGAL MIGRATION BY SEA

2021 ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
S. O. Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Illegal Migration ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Political Crises ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Globalization, imbalance in development of states, economic and political crises, search for a better life and military action often force people to leave their usual places of residence. A significant component of migration processes is illegal migration, which is especially dangerous when carried out by sea. The fragmentary nature of modern legal research in this area has led to the choice of the article to describe modern organizational and legal mechanisms to counteraction illegal migration by sea in the ongoing pandemic and develop proposals for their improvement. Based on the application of research methodology, which combines a number of general scientific (dialectical, historical) and special legal (formal legal, scientific forecasting) methods of scientific research, the article clarifies the dynamics of migration processes in the modern world. With the Mediterranean region serving as the example, their illegal component is characterized. Political, legal and organizational directions of cooperation of states in the counteraction against illegal migration are singled out, with the description of their relationship provided. It is noted that the availability of modern legal instruments has not helped to cope with the increasing number of migration flows and the consequences of illegal migration in the mid‑2010s in the EU. The impact of border restrictions due to the spread of the COVID‑19 pandemic was not significant. The decline in illegal migration in the Mediterranean region is due to other organizational measures. It is concluded that it is currently necessary to ensure high-quality implementation of international law, IMO and other international institutions’ recommendations. There is the need to develop and improve bylaws directly related to counteraction illegal migration at sea. The responsibility of states, their vessels and rescue services and migrants on board vessels that do not meet maritime safety requirements should also be addressed.

At Europe's Edge

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ċetta Mainwaring
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Eu Policies ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Migration Politics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Eu

The Mediterranean Sea is now the deadliest region in the world for migrants. Although the death toll has been rising for many years, the EU response remains fragmented and short sighted. Politicians frame these migration flows as an unprecedented crisis and emphasize migration control at the EU’s external boundaries. In this context, At Europe’s Edge investigates (1) why the EU prioritizes the fortification of its external borders; (2) why migrants nevertheless continue to cross the Mediterranean and to die at sea; and (3) how EU member states on the southern periphery respond to their new role as migration gatekeepers. The book addresses these questions by examining the relationship between the EU and Malta, a small state with an outsized role in migration politics as EU policies place it at the crosshairs of migration flows and controls. The chapters combine ethnographic methods with macro-level analyses to weave together policymaker, practitioner, and migrant experiences, and demonstrate how the Mediterranean is an important space for the contested construction of ‘Europe’. At Europe’s Edge provides rich insight into the unexpected level of influence Malta exerts on EU migration governance, as well as the critical role migrants and their clandestine journeys play in animating EU and Maltese migration policies, driving international relations, and producing Malta’s political power. By centring on the margins, the book pushes the boundaries of our knowledge of the global politics of migration, asylum, and border security.

2015 Migrant Crisis as a Stimulus for EU’s Modern Regulatory Policy Reconsidering: Management and Security Dimensions

2017 ◽  
pp. 161-172
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Fisanov
Keyword(s):  
Migration Policy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Economic Migration ◽  
Dublin Regulation ◽  
Study Support ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
Visegrad Group ◽  
The Eu

The body of the article goes on to discuss the migration and refugee policy issues that went viral in media, as well as became widely discussed by experts and EU power-holding structures. Few researchers have addressed the problem under study and require an in-depth analysis. This paper outlines the evolution of the EU approaches to regulation and management of migration flows forced and caused by 2015 migrant crisis. The main weakness in the previous studies is that they make no attempt to upgrade tools and mechanisms for optimizing modern migration policy. Of particular importance is keynote actors’ impact on decision-making and shaping public opinion on migration problems – namely, European executives, NGO’s, pressmen as well as migrants and refugees themselves. This paper has given an account of the Dublin Regulation (2013) that the author considers to be outdated. Since the migrant crisis started, it has been clear that this system is inadequate, and that some of the burden must be borne by Europe's wealthy northern states. There is evidence to suggest migration policy tools to be dramatically reformed, though the European Parliament’s planned amendment to Dublin Regulation could face new challenges. The findings of this study support the idea that most of the EU member states managed to pursue a common policy on triggering refugee influx, primarily in Greece and Italy, in addition to a joint stance in terms of fixing a quota on migrants – not including the Visegrad Group. Keywords: 2015 Migrant crisis, common EU policy, Greece, Hungary, Dublin Regulation, refugees, economic migration

Transnational Migration and Border-Making

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Transnational Migration ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
Migration Dynamics ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Unpublished Research ◽  
The Eu

Examining the ongoing processes of migration in Europe and beyond, this book deals with the ongoing processes of migration and boundary-(re)making in the world. It takes stock of recent and hitherto unpublished research on the refugee crisis in Europe, migration dynamics in the Middle East and migration flows in Africa and Latin America, specifically in relation to their political, social and cultural framing. In particular, chapters in this collection focus on newer cases of transnational migration, their socio-political implications that in turn affect identity-making. Alongside the refugee and migrant crisis in Europe, which can be viewed as one of the most divisive political issues in recent European history, new patterns of migration and re-bordering can also be seen across Europe, the Middle East and beyond. These include both the rise of anti-immigration populism within the nation-states as well as different attempts to control and regulate tangible and intangible borders of the nation state to discourage migration at the regional level such as the EU.

Migration Governance at the State Level: Policy Developments and Effects

2020 ◽  
pp. 121-136
Author(s):  
Marc Helbling
Keyword(s):  
Labor Migration ◽  
State Level ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Immigration Policies ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Family Reunion ◽  
Environmental Migration ◽  
Eu Policies ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
The Eu

This chapter presents insights into the migration governance of host countries and its effects on immigration flows by drawing on the Immigration Policies in Comparison (IMPIC) dataset. The IMPIC dataset allows to fill a big gap in the literature and to take a closer look at how migration policies have developed over the last decades. The author argues that the immigration policies of OECD countries vary in terms of how liberal or restrictive they are. Between 1980 and 2010 immigration policies on family reunion, labor migration, and asylum have become more liberal. However, the control of these policies has become more restrictive, especially in the EU. Policies are more effective for migrant flows from countries with the same colonial heritage. The author analyzes migration flows in general and argues that while it is not yet possible to study environmental migration separately, it should follow the same pattern.

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