scholarly journals The STEP Scale: A Cross-National Scale for Short-Term Export Performance Improvement

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Filipe Lages ◽  
Cristiana Raquel Lages
Keyword(s):  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cross National

scholarly journals Assessing Short-Term Fertility Intentions and Their Realisation Using the Generations and Gender Survey: Pitfalls and Challenges

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzanna Brzozowska ◽  
Eva Beaujouan
Keyword(s):  
Fertility Intentions ◽  
Fertility Intention ◽  
National Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Degree Of Certainty ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Questionnaire Adaptation ◽  
Cross National

AbstractThe use of fertility intention questions to study individual childbearing behaviour has developed rapidly in recent decades. In Europe, the Generations and Gender Surveys are the main sources of cross-national data on fertility intentions and their realisation. This study investigates how an inconsistent implementation of a question about wanting a child now affects the cross-country comparability of intentions to have a child within the next three years and their realisation. We conduct our analysis separately for women and men at prime and late reproductive ages in Austria, France, Italy and Poland. The results show that the overall share of respondents intending to have a child at some point in their life is similar in all four analysed countries. However, once the time horizon and the degree of certainty of fertility intentions are included, substantial cross-country differences appear, particularly in terms of proceptive behaviour and, consequently, the realisation of fertility intentions. We conclude that the inconsistent questionnaire adaptation makes it very difficult to assess the role of country context in the realisation of childbearing intentions.

Impact of Canadian Regulatory Changes on Cross-Border Trade

1987 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-78
Author(s):  
R. Priddle
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Reference Price ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Regulatory Change ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Export Prices ◽  
Gas Markets

In the year following oil deregulation Canada's crude oil productive capacity grew by 5%, but production was unchanged due to a lack of pipeline capacity, the effects of prorationing and a lack of price flexibility. While Canadian oil demand remained stable, exports of crude oil increased by one-third and imports by one-half. Export prices followed world trends with light crude oil export prices declining from $C 40/bl to $C 15 in July 1986. Natural gas exports were down by 17% in the first nine months of the 1986 contract year. This period coincides with the implementation of the Agreement on Natural Gas Markets and Prices, but was also a period marked by declines in US gas prices, declining US gas demand, and significant changes in US gas industry regulation. Prices for gas exports by licence have been renegotiated and some short-term interruptible sales have been made. Export prices approached those for interprovincial sales, which typically offered a better load factor. Licence holders have been able to average export prices over all sales under a licence to satisfy the minimum export price requirement in relation to the domestic reference price. As a result, since the Agreement of 31 October 1985, all renegotiated prices for exports of gas by licence have been approved. The factors having the most impact on gas exports by licence appear to be the 6% decline in US gas demand, limitations on pipeline access during the period of transition in US pipeline regulation, priority given by US pipelines to managing lower-48 take-or-pay obligations, and the changing role of US pipelines to being transporters rather than merchants of gas to the detriment of some Canadian gas export contracts. Exports by licence were at a level of 42% of authorized volumes for most of 1986. Volume authorizations were therefore, not an impediment to exports by licence. There was no volume restriction for short-term exports by order. Gas exports by short-term interruptible order faced US pipeline access restrictions but were affected by the domestic reference price floor. Short-term interruptible exports grew rapidly after the Agreement, peaking in January 1986 and then declined as US competitive prices fell below comparable Canadian domestic prices. Short-term interruptible exports have accounted for only 3% of total exports in the first nine months of the current contract year. Canada's disappointing 1985–6 gas export performance was attributable to weak US gas markets, changing US market structures, and delayed US regulatory change. Although there has been some impact on short-term interruptible sales, the overall decline in gas exports was not significantly relatable to Canadian gas export regulation.

scholarly journals Towards understanding the initial performance improvement of PbS quantum dot solar cells upon short-term air exposure

RSC Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (27) ◽  
pp. 15149-15157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenhui Gao ◽  
Guangmei Zhai ◽  
Caifeng Zhang ◽  
Zhimeng Shao ◽  
Lulu Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Quantum Dot ◽  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Air Exposure ◽  
Quantum Dot Solar Cells ◽  
Pbs Quantum Dot

The mechanism at play that underpins the effect of short-term air exposure on the initial performance improvement of quantum dot solar cells is investigated.

Executive Insights: Managerial Judgment of Export Performance

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 82-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tage Koed Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Export Performance ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Export Markets ◽  
International Commitments ◽  
Market Consequences

The concept of export performance is very important for managers because they have to evaluate each individual export venture in order to make decisions about future international commitments. This article discusses export performance as it is expressed through the perceptions and goals of export managers. Managers appear to be oriented toward short-term sales when they assess the performance of a particular export venture. Furthermore, they often use a benchmarking approach, comparing the results of a particular export venture with results of other export markets or the domestic market. Consequences of such practices are explored, and alternative managerial judgment criteria are discussed.

The Economic Situation

1960 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 4-22
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
World Markets ◽  
The World ◽  
Internal Balance

It is increasingly clear that the United Kingdom economy is moving into a difficult period. The levelling out of production has continued: output and demand ceased to expand during the summer. An abnormally large part of output seems still to have been going into stock accumulation. When this stops, as is likely, output may well fall for a time. Even apart from this possibility, demand cannot be expected to regain its former expansiveness for some time. The Government's freedom to redress the internal balance of the economy is hampered in the short term by the weak balance of payments position, largely arising from our poor export performance. Nor is the world situation likely to make things easier for Britain: world markets are expanding much more slowly than last year.

China’s Foreign Aid Training: Targeting Becoming an Influential Culture Sharer

2020 ◽  
pp. 002190962094635
Author(s):  
Skylar Biyang Sun ◽  
Xinzhi Xu ◽  
Xiaohang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cultural Products ◽  
Fragmented Authoritarianism ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

Since the 1990s, China has formalized its short-term foreign aid training for foreign officials and technological personnel. This type of training often lasts for 21 days and participants from invited countries arrive in China for a period of condensed study, with all fees covered by the Chinese government. By the end of 2009, China had organized more than 4000 short-term training programs for over 120,000 personnel from more than 50 countries. Along with the establishment of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan and the constructional needs of the Belt and Road Initiative, China has gradually increased the export of its cultural products in foreign aid training. Surprisingly, such national-scale training is largely omitted from current scholarly research. Employing the “fragmented authoritarianism” model, we look at the administrative structure of China’s foreign aid training and provide rudimentary research into the field.

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