The Impact of Litigiousness on Earnings Conservatism's Negative Association with the Price-to-Book Ratio

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhefeng Frank Liu ◽  
Daniel B. Thornton
Keyword(s):  
Negative Association ◽  
The Impact

Has Aid Helped in Pakistan?

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (4II) ◽  
pp. 947-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahrukh Rafi Khan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Causal Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

This paper has a two-fold objective: first, to examine the terms on which Pakistan receives aid and whether its debt situation is sustainable, and second, to examine the impact of aid and debt on economic growth. It is found that there is little encouraging that can be said about how the terms on which Pakistan has received aid over time have changed, and its current debt situation is not sustainable. Also reported is the analysis done elsewhere which shows that aid has a negative (Granger) causal impact on GDP, and aid has a robust negative impact on economic growth after controlling for supplyside shocks. We provide various reasons for this negative association.

The Role of Bank Liquidity and Bank Risk in Determining Bank Capital: Empirical Analysis of Asian Banking Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (03) ◽  
pp. 2050020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faisal Abbas ◽  
Shahid Iqbal ◽  
Bilal Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Banking Industry ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Bank Risk ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Bank Capital ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

This study provides new insights about how bank liquidity and bank risk have influenced the capital ratio of commercial banks operating in Asia’s emerging economies after the financial crisis 2007–2008. The data were collected for 377 banks from the Bankscope database covering the period of eight years between 2010 and 2017. The linear regression panel-corrected standard errors approach is used to find consistent estimators. The results of the overall sample and medium-sized banks regression revealed a positive relationship between bank liquidity and bank capital ratio, whereas the liquidity and bank capital ratio of large commercial banks have a negative association. The impact of liquidity on bank capital ratio is positive but insignificant in the case of smaller banks. The impact of bank risk on bank capital ratio is negative in the case of smaller and medium-sized banks, whereas the association is found positive in the case of larger and overall banks data results in short run, other things remain unchanged. The findings have valued information for researchers, analysts, managers, and policymakers.

scholarly journals Has Social Sector Development Catalysed the Inclusiveness of India’s Economic Growth?

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-81
Author(s):  
Vikram Chadha ◽  
Ishu Chadda
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
Social Sector ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
The Social ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Social Sectors

The study attempts to examine the impact of social sector development on inclusive growth in India. Ever since Independence, India’s encounter with gnawing poverty and stark deprivation, particularly of the weaker and the marginalised sections of society, cajoled India’s planners to moot the development policies with the sole objective of exacerbating growth with equity. That is why since the beginning of the planning era, the stress had been laid on strengthening and expanding the social sectors with the premise that it would boost the inclusive growth agenda, manifesting in equal access to employment and economic opportunities; equal participation in decision-making and reduction in poverty and inequality. In conformity with the objective of our study, we intend to gauge the effect and contribution of different components of social sector development in India, on inclusiveness of growth using time series data for the period of 1985–1986 to 2015–2016. It was found that the expenditure related to ‘social security and welfare’ contributes significantly towards inclusive growth in India while the expenditure incurred on ‘welfare of marginalised class’ and ‘rural development’ exudes negative association with inclusiveness of growth.

Postadoption parenting and socioemotional development in postinstitutionalized children

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa C. Garvin ◽  
Amanda R. Tarullo ◽  
Mark Van Ryzin ◽  
Megan R. Gunnar
Keyword(s):  
Joint Attention ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Emotional Availability ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Emotion Understanding ◽  
Parent Attachment ◽  
Parenting Quality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Postinstitutionalized Children ◽  
The Impact

AbstractChildren adopted from institutions (e.g., orphanages) overseas are at increased risk of disturbances in social relationships and social understanding. Not all postinstitutionalized children exhibit these problems, although factors like the severity of deprivation and duration of deprivation increase their risk. To date, few studies have examined whether postadoption parenting might moderate the impact of early adverse care. Three groups were studied: postinstitutionalized and foster care children both adopted internationally and nonadopted children reared in their families of origin. The Emotional Availability (EA) Scales were assessed at 18 months in parent–child dyads. Parent emotional availability was found to predict two aspects of social functioning shown in previous studies to be impaired in postinstitutionalized children. Specifically, EA positively correlated with emotion understanding at 36 months; in interaction with initiation of joint attention at 18 months and group, it predicted indiscriminate friendliness as scored from a parent attachment interview at 30 months. Among the postinstitutionalized children but not among the children in other groups, higher EA scores reduced the negative association between initiation of joint attention and indiscriminate friendliness, thus suggesting that parenting quality may moderate the effects of early institutional deprivation.

scholarly journals The Impact of Resilience and Extraversion on Psychological Distress, Loneliness, and Boredom During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Follow-Up Study Among the General Population of Tyrol, Austria

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Tutzer ◽  
Beatrice Frajo-Apor ◽  
Silvia Pardeller ◽  
Barbara Plattner ◽  
Anna Chernova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
General Population ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Resilience Scale ◽  
The Impact

Background: The Covid-19 pandemic and related measures represent an enormous burden on mental health. The aim of this study was to investigate longitudinal changes in psychological distress, loneliness, boredom, and resilience over the course of the pandemic and to examine the associations between resilience and extraversion at baseline (summer 2020) and psychological distress, loneliness, and boredom at 5-month-follow-up.Methods: Residents of Tyrol (≥18a) completed an online survey on psychological distress, loneliness, boredom, resilience, and extraversion by using the Brief-Symptom-Checklist, the Three-Item Loneliness Scale, the Multidimensional State Boredom Scale-Short Form (MSBS-SF), the Resilience Scale, and the Extraversion subscale of the Big Five Inventory.Results: Of the 961 baseline participants, 384 took part in the follow-up survey. The percentage of study participants with striking psychological distress remained the same. Similarly, resilience did not change from baseline to follow-up, whereas the number of those experiencing moderate loneliness increased significantly. In contrast, at follow-up, severe loneliness was detected in significantly less people. Boredom decreased significantly over time. A moderate negative association was detected between baseline resilience and psychological distress, loneliness, and boredom at follow-up, and a weak but still significant negative association between extraversion and these outcomes.Discussion: These findings indicate that a subset of the general population consistently suffers from high levels of psychological distress and point to the protective effects of resilience and extraversion in this context. They reemphasize the importance of prevention and mitigation strategies to address these public health problems.

scholarly journals R&D Narrative Disclosure, Corporate Governance And Market Value: Evidence From France

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Nekhili ◽  
Khaled Hussainey ◽  
Walid Cheffi ◽  
Tawhid Chtioui ◽  
Hubert Tchakoute-Tchuigoua
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Voluntary Disclosure ◽  
Audit Committee ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Ceteris Paribus ◽  
Narrative Disclosure ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

<p>We investigate the impact of R&amp;D narrative disclosure on the market value of equity for a sample of French companies during the period 2000–2004. Using 3SLS estimation on a panel data of 98 French firms, we find, ceteris paribus, positive (but insignificant) association between R&amp;D voluntary disclosure and the market value of equity. Both R&amp;D intensity and R&amp;D capitalization lead French firms to disclose more R&amp;D narrative information. However, they impact differently the relationship between R&amp;D-related disclosure and market value. Indeed, a positive and significant association is found when we control for R&amp;D capitalization. In contrast, when controlling for R&amp;D intensity, we find a negative association. We also find that equity-based compensation and audit committee independence are the most important drivers for R&amp;D narrative disclosure. </p>

scholarly journals Smoking Prevalence and COVID-19 in Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1646-1649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Tsigaris ◽  
Jaime A Teixeira da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Policy Enactment ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction This ecological study investigates the association between smoking prevalence and COVID-19 occurrence and mortality in 38 European nations as of May 30, 2020. Methods Data were collected from Our World in Data. Regression analysis was conducted to adjust for potential confounding factors such as economic activity (gross domestic product), the rate of COVID-19 testing, and the stringency of COVID-19 control policies. Results There was a statistically significant negative association between smoking prevalence and the prevalence of COVID-19 across the 38 European nations after controlling for confounding factors (p = 0.001). A strong association was found between the prevalence of COVID-19 per million people and economic activity (p = 0.002) and the rate of COVID-19 testing (p = 0.0006). Nations with stricter policy enactment showed fewer COVID-19 cases per million people, but the association was not significant (p = 0.122). Delaying policy enactment was associated with a greater prevalence of COVID-19 (p = 0.0535). Evidence of a direct association between smoking prevalence and COVID-19 mortality was not found (p = 0.626). There was a strong positive association between COVID-19 mortality rate and the prevalence of COVID-19 cases (p &lt; 0.0001) as well as the proportion of the population over 65 years of age (p = 0.0034) and a negative association with the rate of COVID-19 testing (p = 0.0023). Conclusions We found a negative association between smoking prevalence and COVID-19 occurrence at the population level in 38 European countries. This association may not imply a true or causal relationship, and smoking is not advocated as a prevention or treatment of COVID-19. Implications Given the evidence of this ecological study, and of several other studies that found an underrepresentation of smoking prevalence in hospitalized cases, it may be worth examining, in laboratory experiments and controlled human trials, if nicotine offers any protection against COVID-19. Most importantly, to date, no study, including this one, supports the view that smoking acts as a treatment intervention or prophylaxis to reduce the impact or ameliorate the negative health impacts of COVID-19.

scholarly journals The Consequences of General Medication Beliefs Measured by the Beliefs about Medicine Questionnaire on Medication Adherence: A Systematic Review

Pharmacy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Wejdan Shahin ◽  
Gerard A. Kennedy ◽  
Ieva Stupans
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Chronic Illnesses ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Medication Beliefs ◽  
The Impact

(1) Background: Medication adherence is a key determinant of patient health outcomes in chronic illnesses. However, adherence to long-term therapy remains poor. General beliefs about medicine are considered factors influencing medication adherence. It is essential to address the gap in the literature regarding understanding the impact of general beliefs about medicine on medication adherence to promote adherence in chronic illnesses. (2) Methods: PubMed, CINHAL, and EMBASE databases were searched. Studies were included if they examined medication beliefs using the Beliefs about Medicine Questionnaire in one of four chronic illnesses: hypertension, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and/or asthma. (3) Results: From 1799 articles obtained by the search, only 11 met the inclusion criteria. Hypertension and diabetes represented 91% of included studies, while asthma represented 9%. Higher medication adherence was associated with negative general medication beliefs; 65% of the included studies found a negative association between harm beliefs and adherence, while 30% of studies found a negative association with overuse beliefs. (4) Conclusions: This review evaluated the impact of harm and overuse beliefs about medicines on medication adherence, highlighting the gap in literature regarding the impact of harm and overuse beliefs on adherence. Further research is needed to fully identify the association between general beliefs and medication adherence in people with different cultural backgrounds, and to explore these beliefs in patients diagnosed with chronic illnesses, particularly asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Healthcare providers need to be aware of the impact of patients’ cultural backgrounds on general medication beliefs and adherence.

scholarly journals Predictive Factors of the Standard Cross-linking Outcomes in Adult Keratoconus: One-Year Follow-Up

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amani E. Badawi ◽  
Waleed Ali Abou Samra ◽  
Ayman Abd El ghafar
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Predictive Variables ◽  
Corrected Visual Acuity ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Predictor Factors

Purpose. To evaluate the effects of preoperative presumed predictor factors on clinical and topographic outcomes in adult keratoconus (KC) 1 year after the standard corneal cross-linking (CXL). Design. Retrospective cohort study. Methods. The study included 84 KC patients (136 eyes) who were treated with conventional CXL. Postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and K max were considered the main predicted variables. The entire participants were divided into subgroups with cutoff values in accordance with the predictive variables. The predicted postoperative outcomes at one year were compared between the subgroups. Next, the predictive variables were analyzed by univariate and multivariate linear regression. Results. In respect to the BCVA, univariate analysis showed that the worse BCVA, the higher K max, and the relative thinner corneas were relatively good predictors of improvement, while multivariate evaluation revealed a strong interrelation with preoperative BCVA only. Regarding the postoperative flattening, univariate analysis found that the cone location and worse preoperative BCVA were the pronounced predictors, whereas the multivariate evaluation focused on the impact of the cone location only. Conclusions. The multivariate analysis disclosed a significant negative association between the baseline BCVA and postoperative BCVA and a positive relationship between the cone eccentricity and postoperative K max.

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