scholarly journals When Can Carbon Abatement Policies Increase Welfare? The Fundamental Role of Distorted Factor Markets

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian W. H. Parry ◽  
Roberton C. Williams ◽  
Lawrence H. Goulder
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Abatement ◽  
Factor Markets ◽  
Abatement Policies

scholarly journals Risk or Resilience? The Role of Trade Integration and Foreign Ownership for the Survival of German Enterprises During the Crisis 2008–2010

2014 ◽  
Vol 234 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Wagner ◽  
John P. Weche Gelübcke
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Firm Survival ◽  
Trade Integration ◽  
Striking Result ◽  
Global Recession ◽  
Factor Markets ◽  
Western Germany

SummaryThis is the first study of the link between internationalization and firm survival during the 2008/2009 crisis in Germany, a country which was hit relatively lightly compared to other countries. Moreover, it is the first study which looks at the role of importing, exporting and FDI simultaneously in the context of a global economic recession. We use a tailor-made representative dataset that covers all enterprises from the manufacturing sector with at least 20 employees. Our most striking result is to demonstrate the disadvantage of exporting for the chances of survival of a firm during the crisis in western Germany. Importing instead reveals a positive correlation with survival and firms that both export and import do not show a different exit risk relative to non-traders. A plausible explanation is that in a global recession, deteriorating markets abroad cause demand losses for exporters and improved conditions on factor markets which result in an advantage for firms sourcing from factor markets abroad. Two-way traders do not show a link with exit risk, supporting the idea that they were able to outweigh their losses from exporting with their gains from importing, in what could be called an export-import hedge. Furthermore, we cannot support the hypothesis that foreign multinationals are more volatile during times of economic crisis.

CHINA’S TARGET RESPONSIBILITY SYSTEM AND CONVERGENCE OF CO2 EMISSIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (02) ◽  
pp. 431-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
YOUNGPING SUN
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Institutional Arrangement ◽  
Policy Objective ◽  
Carbon Abatement ◽  
Evaluation Indicator ◽  
Political Incentives ◽  
International Pressure ◽  
Local Officials ◽  
Abatement Policies ◽  
Responsibility System

China has established and assigned target responsibilities for local officials in energy conservation and created an evaluation indicator, which is a key institutional arrangement that provides local officials with political incentives to promote carbon abatement policies. In this paper, we elaborate on the relationship between China’s target responsibility system and CO2 emissions using interprovincial panel data, grouping provinces into Eastern, Central and Western regions to compare China’s CO2 emissions convergence between the periods of the 10th Five-year Plan and the 11th Five-year Plan. The analysis indicates that the target responsibility system does not noticeably change local officials’ political incentives to engage in carbon abatement because the effect of the target responsibility system for energy conservation seems to be overshadowed by and subject to gross domestic product (GDP) growth targets. Against the backdrop of growing international pressure on climate change issues, this paper argues that China must include in the target responsibility system an indicator of absolute CO2 emissions reduction as a policy objective.

Expert Perceptions of the Role of Biochar as a Carbon Abatement Option with Ancillary Agronomic and Soil-Related Benefits

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Shackley ◽  
Sarah Carter ◽  
Kirsten Sims ◽  
Saran Sohi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Abatement

scholarly journals FACTOR MARKETS IN BULGARIAN BEEKEEPING

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyubomir Lyibenov ◽  
◽  
Aneliya Lyubenova ◽  
Ivaylo Hristakov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Land Markets ◽  
Development Trends ◽  
Joint Factor ◽  
Factor Markets

The aim is to determine the size and development trends of land and labor markets in the national beekeeping. The study is focused only on them, as the size and trends of national financial markets in beekeeping are defined in another study by the authors. The urgency of the problem stems from the important role of factor markets in achieving sustainable development of beekeeping and other sectors dependent on it, given the pollination activity of bees. The study finds that the land markets in the beekeeping sector are over 0.5 BGN million/year, and the labor markets are over 77.2 BGN million/year, i.e. form joint factor markets in the Bulgarian beekeeping for over 77.7 BGN million/year. Their development trends are positive and derived from those in the beekeeping sector and other related markets - financial and others.

scholarly journals The Labour Market in a Deregulated Economy

1970 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Price Competition ◽  
Labour Law ◽  
Labour Market Flexibility ◽  
The Face ◽  
Factor Markets ◽  
Operational Practices ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Structural Shifts

This paper attempts to extend the debate over labour market flexibility by incorporating some of the larger exogenous issues that are currently shaping New Zealand's future as a trading nation. It argues that structural shifts in the face of global price competition have important consequences for labour demand and in turn for both the institutional agencies of industial relations and for operational practices. The increasing importance of the formative role of mu;lti-national corporate practices are also discussed, particularly their tendency to treat labour supply requirements as a special case of factor markets in which the human factor is melded into an integrated socio-economic system. The paper concludes that current changes in labour law have still not addressed the question of the degree of flexibility that a deregulated labour market might require and that the potential for considerable conflict exists between employer and trade union perceptions as to the roles of current institutions.

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