Microplastics Decrease the Toxicity of Sulfamethoxazole to Marine Algae (Skeletonema Costatum) at the Cellular and Molecular Levels

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Li ◽  
Jiwei Luo ◽  
Hui Zeng ◽  
Lin Zhu ◽  
Xueqiang Lu
Keyword(s):  
Marine Algae ◽  
Skeletonema Costatum

Occurrence of Dimethyl-β-Propiothetin in Marine Phytoplankton

1966 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Ackman ◽  
C. S. Tocher ◽  
J. McLachlan
Keyword(s):  
Phaeodactylum Tricornutum ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Skeletonema Costatum ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Dimethyl Sulphide ◽  
Ecological Significance ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Cyclotella Cryptica

Dimethyl-β-propiothetin has been reported from several species of freshwater and marine multicellular algae. Cultures of 14 species of unicellular marine algae were treated with cold aqueous alkali. Dimethyl sulphide was liberated from Syracosphaera carterae, Skeletonema costatum, Amphidinium carteri, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Tetraselmis sp. and Cyclotella cryptica, and is assumed to arise from dimethyl-β-propiothetin. The amounts of alkali-labile material varied, on a wet weight basis, from 0.07 to 2.9% (as thetin salt) in different organisms. The presence of the thetin in S. carterae was confirmed by other means. The thetin, and particularly its degradation products, acrylic acid and dimethyl sulphide, may influence actual fishing operations and also affect the quality of fishery products. The metabolic and ecological significance of these materials are reviewed and discussed.

scholarly journals RESEARCH ON ISOLATION, INVITRO CULTURE OF MARINE MICROALGAE (Chaetoceros calcitrans Paulsen, 1905) AND IT'S APPLICATION AS FOOD FOR WHITE SHIRMP (Penaeus vannamei)

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
Mai Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Khai Hoang Trinh ◽  
Tri Van Dao ◽  
Hung Van Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Density ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Skeletonema Costatum ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Penaeus Vannamei ◽  
Main Food ◽  
Algae Cultivation ◽  
Aquatic Products ◽  
Fresh Food ◽  
Chaetoceros Calcitrans

In 1940, two cultivation methods for siliceous marine algae were developted in Japan. Fujinaga determined that Skeletonema costatum and Chaetoceros sp. Algae originally were the main food of larval shrimps from the phase of Zoea until the phase of Postlavae. In Viet Nam, by early 1970's, the cultivation of high value aquatic products started to atract attention. In this context, many researchs have been focus on algae cultivation in order to find the suitable species for local condition. In this study, Chaetoceros calcitrans algae were massed on TT3 medium with cell density of 20.104 cell.ml-1, 40.104cell.ml-1, 60.104 cell.ml-1, 80.104 cell.ml-1. The optimal cell density was 60.104 cell.ml-1. Chaetoceros calcitrans algae was cultured on Liao medium, TT3 medium, ƒ2 medium. Using Chaetoceros calcitrans algae as supplemental fresh food for white shrims larval from the phase of Nauplius to the phase of 3 Mysis improved the larvae quality and increased the survial rate of larvae from 42 percentage to 76 percentage.

Production of antibacterial activities by two Bacillariophyceae grown in dialysis culture

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Cooper ◽  
Aviva Battat ◽  
Pierre Marsot ◽  
Michel Sylvestre
Keyword(s):  
Phaeodactylum Tricornutum ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Skeletonema Costatum ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
High Cell ◽  
Direct Relation ◽  
Algal Extracts ◽  
Time Of Harvest ◽  
Dialysis Culture

Using a dialysis culture system for marine algae which allows for the recovery of high cell yield, we detected in the aqueous phase of the algal extracts an active component which inhibited gram-negative bacteria. Results show a direct relation between cell growth phase at time of harvest and the activity observed. It was possible to confirm previous results whereby Bacillariophyceae produce lipophilic substances inhibiting gram-positive terrestrial and marine bacteria. These findings corroborate the observation that Skeletonema costatum is more active man Phaeodactylum tricornutum against Staphyloccoci.

Chlorophyll a and c in Cultures of Marine Algae

1963 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
GF Humphrey
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Skeletonema Costatum ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Cell Numbers ◽  
Maximum Cell ◽  
Effect Of Light

Gymnodinium, Nitzschia closterium, and Skeletonema costatum were grown in the presence of bacteria, and N. closterium in the absence of bacteria, for 7 weeks. Each week samples were analysed by the Richards-Thompson method for chlorophyll a and c. Maximum cell numbers were reached in 1-3 weeks. Gymnodinium grew better at 680 f.c. than at 420 f.c. but the reverse was true of Nitzschia and Skeletonema. The chlorophyll content of the Gymnodinium cultures was similar at each light intensity but Nitzschia gave more chlorophyll at 420 f.c. With Skeletonema there was no consistent effect of light. During the initial growth phase, Gymnodinium contained 0.33-0.87 �g chlorophyll a and 0.56-1.88 pg chlorophyll c per million cells. The corresponding figures for Skeletonema were 0.03-0.06 and 0.03-0.08, and for Nitzschia 0.13-1.08 and 0.11-0.87. The ratio of c to a varied from 1.30 to 1.84 for Gymnodinium, 0.69 to 1 .61 for Skeletonema, and 0.44 to 2.21 for Nitzschia. These ratios are all less than the maximum (3.3) found for natural populations of phytoplankton from the Coral and Tasman Seas. There was no evidence in the culture experiments that chlorophyll c breaks down more slowly than a and thus accumulates in old populations.

scholarly journals Effects of copper ions and copper nanomaterials on the output of amino acids from marine algae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenqiu Huang ◽  
Yuping Zhou ◽  
Ting Zhao ◽  
Liju Tan ◽  
Jiangtao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Metal Salt ◽  
Skeletonema Costatum ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Intracellular Amino Acids

Abstract In this study, the effects of different copper’s forms, metal salt (Cu2+), nano-metal (nano-Cu) and nano-metal oxide (nano-CuO), were tested on two marine algae named Skeletonema costatum and Nitzschia closterium. During a 96-hour exposure to nanoparticles (NPs) and salt, cell number, Cu2+ concentration in the culture medium, morphology and intracellular amino acids was measured to assess the toxicity of those copper materials and the toxicity mechanism of NPs. It was found that the toxicity of Cu2+, nano-Cu and nano-CuO on marine phytoplankton decreased in order. The EC50 values of Cu2+ and nano-Cu for S. costatum and N. closterium ranged from 0.356 to 0.991 mg/L and 0.663 to 2.455 mg/L, respectively. Nano-Cu inhibited the growth of marine phytoplankton mainly by releasing Cu2+, however, nano-CuO mainly produced toxic effects on microalgae through the effect of NPs. The secretion of extracellular polymeric substances by microalgae could be another possible reason for nano-Cu and nano-CuO to impose implications for microalgae. S. costatum was more sensitive to copper than N. closterium. Cu2+, nano-Cu and nano-CuO all reduced the total output of algae-derived amino acids by affecting the growth of phytoplankton and per-cell amino acids. This manuscript is of important implications to fill the data gaps for nano-Cu and nano-CuO risk assessment on marine algae.

Effects of resuspension of eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica biodeposits on phytoplankton community structure

2020 ◽  
Vol 640 ◽  
pp. 79-105
Author(s):  
ET Porter ◽  
E Robins ◽  
S Davis ◽  
R Lacouture ◽  
JC Cornwell
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Crassostrea Virginica ◽  
Skeletonema Costatum ◽  
Eastern Oyster ◽  
Energy Dissipation Rate ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cell Densities ◽  
Sediment Bottom ◽  
Nitrite Nitrate

Anthropogenic disturbances in the Chesapeake Bay (USA) have depleted eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica abundance and altered the estuary’s environment and water quality. Efforts to rehabilitate oyster populations are underway; however, the effect of oyster biodeposits on water quality and plankton community structure are not clear. In July 2017, we used 6 shear turbulence resuspension mesocosms (STURMs) to determine differences in plankton composition with and without the daily addition of oyster biodeposits to a muddy sediment bottom. STURM systems had a volume-weighted root mean square turbulent velocity of 1.08 cm s-1, energy dissipation rate of ~0.08 cm2 s-3, and bottom shear stress of ~0.36-0.51 Pa during mixing-on periods during 4 wk of tidal resuspension. Phytoplankton increased their chlorophyll a content in their cells in response to low light in tanks with biodeposits. The diatom Skeletonema costatum bloomed and had significantly longer chains in tanks without biodeposits. These tanks also had significantly lower concentrations of total suspended solids, zooplankton carbon, and nitrite +nitrate, and higher phytoplankton carbon concentrations. Results suggest that the absence of biodeposit resuspension initiates nitrogen uptake for diatom reproduction, increasing the cell densities of S. costatum. The low abundance of the zooplankton population in non-biodeposit tanks suggests an inability of zooplankton to graze on S. costatum and negative effects of S. costatum on zooplankton. A high abundance of the copepod Acartia tonsa in biodeposit tanks may have reduced S. costatum chain length. Oyster biodeposit addition and resuspension efficiently transferred phytoplankton carbon to zooplankton carbon, thus supporting the food web in the estuary.

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