How Stringent Should Vehicle Emission Standards Be? Simulating Impacts on GHG Emissions, Zero-Emissions Vehicle Sales and Cost-Effectiveness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandan Bhardwaj ◽  
Jonn Axsen
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Vehicle Emission ◽  
Emission Standards ◽  
Zero Emissions Vehicle

scholarly journals Methane emissions from natural gas vehicles in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Da Pan ◽  
Lei Tao ◽  
Kang Sun ◽  
Levi M. Golston ◽  
David J. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Vehicle Emission ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Scenario Analyses ◽  
Natural Gas Vehicles ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Emission Limits ◽  
Current Emission

Abstract Natural gas vehicles (NGVs) have been promoted in China to mitigate air pollution, yet our measurements and analyses show that NGV growth in China may have significant negative impacts on climate change. We conducted real-world vehicle emission measurements in China and found high methane emissions from heavy-duty NGVs (90% higher than current emission limits). These emissions have been ignored in previous emission estimates, leading to biased results. Applying our observations to life-cycle analyses, we found that switching to NGVs from conventional vehicles in China has led to a net increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions since 2000. With scenario analyses, we also show that the next decade will be critical for China to reverse the trend with the upcoming China VI standard for heavy-duty vehicles. Implementing and enforcing the China VI standard is challenging, and the method demonstrated here can provide critical information regarding the fleet-level CH4 emissions from NGVs.

scholarly journals The Dependence of Vehicle Emission Profiles on Traffic Growth, Technology Gain, and Fleet Turnover: A Comparative Study and Sensitivity Analysis

10.1068/a3986 ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 482-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin S Lee ◽  
Huw C W L Williams
Keyword(s):  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Vehicle Emission ◽  
Type I ◽  
Emission Standards ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Traffic Growth ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Behavioural Policy ◽  
Reduced Rate ◽  
The Uk

In this paper we explore the dependence of vehicle emission profiles over a twenty-five year period on three factors: the rate of traffic growth ( g), the fleet renewal rate (Λ), and the technology ‘gain’ (θ) following a step change in emission standards. Using analytic and numerical methods we determine the conditions relating to g, Λ, and θ which result in three types of emission profile. These consist of: type-I profiles, in which emissions continue to rise but at a reduced rate; type-II profiles which fall, attain a minimum, and subsequently rise from a lower base; and type-Ill profiles which continue to fall over a forecasting period. For all profiles we determine the total reduction in vehicle emissions arising from revised standards, and the sensitivity of the total emissions to changes in their determining factors. Data from the UK are used to illustrate the approach which is extended in a wide range of sensitivity tests to explore differences in emission profiles between advanced industrialised and rapidly developing countries. We show that while it may be necessary for all countries to rely on both technological and behavioural policy instruments to reduce emissions, in advanced industrialised countries it may be more effective to improve emission standards, while, in contrast, moderating the rate of traffic growth may be relatively more effective in the rapidly industrialising world. The profiles resulting from the change in emission standards accompanying the introduction of catalytic converters are used to illustrate the general approach.

scholarly journals Effects of light duty gasoline vehicle emission standards in the United States on ozone and particulate matter

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 109-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krish Vijayaraghavan ◽  
Chris Lindhjem ◽  
Allison DenBleyker ◽  
Uarporn Nopmongcol ◽  
John Grant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vehicle Emission ◽  
Emission Standards ◽  
Light Duty

scholarly journals A New Approach to Setting Vehicle Emission Standards

1974 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 841-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Pierrard ◽  
Ronald D. Snee ◽  
Joseph Zelson
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Emission ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Emission Standards

Energy use efficiency, GHG emissions, and cost-effectiveness of organic and sustainable fertilisation

Energy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 1151-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egidijus Šarauskis ◽  
Laura Masilionytė ◽  
Darius Juknevičius ◽  
Sidona Buragienė ◽  
Zita Kriaučiūnienė
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Energy Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency
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