scholarly journals A conceptual framework for the evaluation of cost-effectiveness of projects to reduce GHG emissions and sequester carbon

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sathaye ◽  
R. Norgaard ◽  
W. Makundi
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Ghg Emissions

scholarly journals PRO39 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR EVALUATING THE COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF A GENE THERAPY FOR HAEMOPHILIA B

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. S847-S848
Author(s):  
N Li ◽  
E.K. Sawyer ◽  
K. Maruszczyk ◽  
M. Slomka ◽  
T. Burke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Haemophilia B ◽  
The Cost

Conceptual framework for cost-effectiveness of imaging tests

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. S340-S343
Author(s):  
Daniel Heller ◽  
Charles Peterfy ◽  
Harry K. Genant
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Conceptual Framework

scholarly journals Economic Evaluation of Severe Anaemia: Review-Based Recommendations and a Conceptual Framework

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Budget Impact ◽  
Cost Utility ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Economic Analyses ◽  
Impact Models

Objective: Novel anaemia treatments have greatly improved patient outcomes in the last decade and have also undergone economic evaluations in various settings using heterogenous model structures, costs, and inputs. The objectives were to review published economic evaluation studies in major red blood cell disorders, identify limitations in the applied methodology, provide a set of recommendations, and produce a conceptual framework for future economic research in this disease area. Methods: A targeted search was conducted for economic literature evaluating treatments in major red blood cell disorders related to anaemia. Disorders included autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, β-thalassaemia, chemotherapy-induced anaemia, anaemia in chronic kidney disease, and severe aplastic anaemia. Budget impact models and cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analyses were considered. Modelling assumptions regarding the model structure, time horizon, perspective, and type of costs were reviewed and recommendations and a conceptual framework for future economic analyses were created. Results: A total of four budget impact models, nine cost-utility analyses, and four cost-effectiveness analyses were investigated. A major limitation was that the included costs varied significantly across studies. Costs which were rarely included, and generally should be considered, were related to adverse events, mortality, and productivity. Additionally, relationships between levels of serum ferritin, hepatic or total body iron, and haemoglobin with long-term complications and mortality were rarely included. Conclusion: Published economic analyses evaluating treatments for major red blood cell disorders frequently exclude vital costs. A set of recommendations and a conceptual framework will aid researchers in applying a more comprehensive approach for economic evaluations in major red blood cell disorders.

scholarly journals Markov modeling for the neurosurgeon: a review of the literature and an introduction to cost-effectiveness research

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. E20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arvin R. Wali ◽  
Michael G. Brandel ◽  
David R. Santiago-Dieppa ◽  
Robert C. Rennert ◽  
Jeffrey A. Steinberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Effectiveness Research ◽  
Markov Modeling ◽  
Source Information ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVEMarkov modeling is a clinical research technique that allows competing medical strategies to be mathematically assessed in order to identify the optimal allocation of health care resources. The authors present a review of the recently published neurosurgical literature that employs Markov modeling and provide a conceptual framework with which to evaluate, critique, and apply the findings generated from health economics research.METHODSThe PubMed online database was searched to identify neurosurgical literature published from January 2010 to December 2017 that had utilized Markov modeling for neurosurgical cost-effectiveness studies. Included articles were then assessed with regard to year of publication, subspecialty of neurosurgery, decision analytical techniques utilized, and source information for model inputs.RESULTSA total of 55 articles utilizing Markov models were identified across a broad range of neurosurgical subspecialties. Sixty-five percent of the papers were published within the past 3 years alone. The majority of models derived health transition probabilities, health utilities, and cost information from previously published studies or publicly available information. Only 62% of the studies incorporated indirect costs. Ninety-three percent of the studies performed a 1-way or 2-way sensitivity analysis, and 67% performed a probabilistic sensitivity analysis. A review of the conceptual framework of Markov modeling and an explanation of the different terminology and methodology are provided.CONCLUSIONSAs neurosurgeons continue to innovate and identify novel treatment strategies for patients, Markov modeling will allow for better characterization of the impact of these interventions on a patient and societal level. The aim of this work is to equip the neurosurgical readership with the tools to better understand, critique, and apply findings produced from cost-effectiveness research.

Energy use efficiency, GHG emissions, and cost-effectiveness of organic and sustainable fertilisation

Energy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 1151-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egidijus Šarauskis ◽  
Laura Masilionytė ◽  
Darius Juknevičius ◽  
Sidona Buragienė ◽  
Zita Kriaučiūnienė
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Energy Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency

scholarly journals Costing the implementation of public health interventions in resource-limited settings: a conceptual framework

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hojoon Sohn ◽  
Austin Tucker ◽  
Olivia Ferguson ◽  
Isabella Gomes ◽  
David Dowdy
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Budget Impact ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Implementation Costs

Abstract Background Failing to account for the resources required to successfully implement public health interventions can lead to an underestimation of costs and budget impact, optimistic cost-effectiveness estimates, and ultimately a disconnect between published evidence and public health decision-making. Methods We developed a conceptual framework for assessing implementation costs. We illustrate the use of this framework with case studies involving interventions for tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS in resource-limited settings. Results Costs of implementing public health interventions may be conceptualized as occurring across three phases: design, initiation, and maintenance. In the design phase, activities include developing intervention components and establishing necessary infrastructure (e.g., technology, standard operating procedures). Initiation phase activities include training, initiation of supply chains and quality assurance procedures, and installation of equipment. Implementation costs in the maintenance phase include ongoing technical support, monitoring and evaluation, and troubleshooting unexpected obstacles. Within each phase, implementation costs can be incurred at the site of delivery (“site-specific” costs) or more centrally (“above-service” or “central” costs). For interventions evaluated in the context of research studies, implementation costs should be classified as programmatic, research-related, or shared research/program costs. Purely research-related costs are often excluded from analysis of programmatic implementation. Conclusions In evaluating public health interventions in resource-limited settings, accounting for implementation costs enables more realistic estimates of budget impact and cost-effectiveness and provides important insights into program feasibility, scale-up, and sustainability. Assessment of implementation costs should be planned prospectively and performed in a standardized manner to ensure generalizability.

scholarly journals Respite care and short breaks for young adults aged 18–40 with complex health-care needs: mixed-methods systematic review and conceptual framework development

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-268
Author(s):  
Katherine Knighting ◽  
Gerlinde Pilkington ◽  
Jane Noyes ◽  
Brenda Roe ◽  
Michelle Maden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Respite Care ◽  
Knowledge Map ◽  
Health Care Needs ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Adult Services

Background The number of young adults with complex health-care needs due to life-limiting conditions/complex physical disability has risen significantly over the last 15 years, as more children now survive into adulthood. The transition from children to adult services may disrupt provision of essential respite/short break care for this vulnerable population, but the impact on young adults, families and providers is unclear. Aim To review the evidence on respite care provision for young adults (aged 18–40 years) with complex health-care needs, provide an evidence gap analysis and develop a conceptual framework for respite care. Design A two-stage mixed-methods systematic review, including a knowledge map of respite care and an evidence review of policy, effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and experience. Data sources Electronic databases and grey/unpublished literature were searched from 2002 to September 2019. The databases searched included Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts, Health Management Information Consortium, PROSPERO, Turning Research into Practice, COnNECT+, British Nursing Index, Web of Science, Social Care Online, the National Institute for Health Research Journals Library, Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care specialist register, databases on The Cochrane Library and international clinical trials registers. Additional sources were searched using the CLUSTER (Citations, Lead authors, Unpublished materials, Scholar search, Theories, Early examples, Related projects) approach and an international ‘call for evidence’. Methods and analysis Multiple independent reviewers used the SPICE (Setting, Perspective, Intervention/phenomenon of interest, Comparison, Evaluation) framework to select and extract evidence for each stage, verified by a third reviewer. Study/source characteristics and outcomes were extracted. Study quality was assessed using relevant tools. Qualitative evidence was synthesised using a framework approach and UK policy was synthesised using documentary content analysis. GRADE-CERQual (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation-Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research) was used to assess confidence in the evidence. Logic models developed for each type of respite care constituted the conceptual framework. Results We identified 69 sources (78 records) from 126,267 records. The knowledge map comprised the following types of respite care: residential, home based, day care, community, leisure/social provision, funded holidays and emergency. Seven policy intentions included early transition planning and prioritising respite care according to need. No evidence was found on effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. Qualitative evidence focused largely on residential respite care. Facilitators of accessible/acceptable services included trusted and valued relationships, independence and empowerment of young adults, peer social interaction, developmental/age-appropriate services and high standards of care. Barriers included transition to adult services, paperwork, referral/provision delay and travelling distance. Young adults from black, Asian and minority ethnic populations were under-represented. Poor transition, such as loss of or inappropriate services, was contrary to statutory expectations. Potential harms included stress and anxiety related to safe care, frustration and distress arising from unmet needs, parental exhaustion, and a lack of opportunities to socialise and develop independence. Limitations No quantitative or mixed-methods evidence was found on effectiveness or cost-effectiveness of respite care. There was limited evidence on planned and emergency respite care except residential. Conclusions Policy intentions are more comprehensively met for young people aged < 18 years who are accessing children’s services. Young adults with complex needs often ‘fall off a cliff’ following service withdrawal and this imbalance needs addressing. Future work Research to quantify the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of respite care to support service development and commissioning. Development of a core set of outcomes measures to support future collation of evidence. Study registration This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42018088780. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Services and Delivery Research programme and will be published in full in Health Services and Delivery Research; Vol. 9, No. 6. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.

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