Having Your Cake - How to Preserve Universal-Service Cross Subsidies While Facilitating Competitive Entry: A Response

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Doane ◽  
David S. Sibley ◽  
Michael A. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Universal Service ◽  
Competitive Entry

scholarly journals Multi-National Policies for the Universal Service Obligation in the Postal Sector under Entry

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Crew ◽  
Paul R. Kleindorfer
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Universal Service ◽  
National Agency ◽  
National Policies ◽  
Minimum Standards ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Universal Service Obligation ◽  
Postal Sector ◽  
Competitive Entry

Suppose a multi-national agency can set minimum standards for the postal USO that apply to the countries under its jurisdiction, and that each country is required to comply with, or exceed, these standards. We examine the trade-offs that ensue across countries in designing an efficient USO at the multi-national level when these postal markets are also simultaneously opened to competitive entry. In particular, the paper examines when "subsidiarty dominates" (in which case the multinational regulator should leave the determination of the USO entirely in the hands of national regulators) and when some intervention by the multi-national regulator is desirable.

Analysis on Telecom Users' Evaluation of Universal Service

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 769-783
Author(s):  
Nobuyuki TAJIRI
Keyword(s):  
Universal Service
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