Analysis of Epidemiological Changes and Elimination Effects for Malaria in Handan City in North China

Seasonal variations and source apportionment of carbonaceous aerosol in PM2.5 from a coal mining city in the North China Plain

Energy Exploration & Exploitation ◽

10.1177/01445987211043211 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 014459872110432

Author(s):

Fanli Xue ◽

Hongya Niu ◽

Sihao Hu ◽

Chunmiao Wu ◽

Chongchong Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Coal Mining ◽

Seasonal Variations ◽

North China Plain ◽

North China ◽

Total Carbon ◽

Annual Average ◽

The North ◽

The North China Plain ◽

Handan City

Handan is one of the most polluted coal mining cities in the North China Plain (NCP). There is a lack of research on the pollution characteristics and sources of carbonaceous components in PM2.5 in Handan city. Atmospheric PM2.5 samples were collected from Handan City during 2018 and the organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in PM2.5 were analyzed with a carbon analyzer. The annual average mass concentrations of PM2.5 and total carbon (TC = OC + EC) in Handan were (101.88 ± 79.01) μg/m3 and (28.03 ± 23.28) μg/m3, respectively. The annual average ratio of TC/PM2.5 was (28.29% ± 7.95%), indicating that carbonaceous components made a major contribution to PM2.5. The seasonal variations of OC and EC concentrations in PM2.5 were consistent with PM2.5, which was higher in winter and lower in summer. The annual average OC/EC ratio was (10.33 ± 5.83), and the (OC/EC)min ratio for each season was greater than 2, suggesting that there was probably secondary organic carbon (SOC) formation all around the year. The correlations between OC and EC during spring and winter were much more significant than during summer and autumn, which indicated that the sources of OC and EC in summer and autumn were more complex. Principal component analysis (PCA) displayed that the main sources of carbonaceous components in PM2.5 were coal combustion emission, road dust and vehicle exhaust, which may be related to coal-fired power generation and steelmaking, and coal transportation in Handan city. The potential source contribution function (PSCF) analysis demonstrated that PM2.5 and carbonaceous components in Handan city were significantly influenced by both local emissions and regional transport during the observation period.

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Analysis of Epidemiological Changes and Elimination Effects for Malaria in North China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-762882/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ruiling Guo ◽

Jing Zhuang ◽

Xianfeng Wang ◽

Jinsheng Liu ◽

Wangdong Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Malaria Elimination ◽

Surveillance System ◽

North China ◽

Local Level ◽

Malaria Surveillance ◽

Export Channels ◽

Epidemiological Changes ◽

1960S And 1970S ◽

The 1960S ◽

Handan City

Abstract Backgroud: The elimination of malaria requires high-quality surveillance data in order to detect and respond quickly to individual cases. In the 1960s and 1970s, Handan city in North China experienced widespread malaria outbreaks, which was in line with the provincial and national epidemic patterns. Methods: Case-level data for the period 2011-2018 were extracted from China's National Infectious Diseases Information system and the rest cases were recorded municipal surveillance system from 1956-2010.Results: The incidence, accuracy and timeliness of case diagnosis, reporting and investigation in malaria were evaluated at elimination stage (2011-2018) in Handan city, China. From 2011 to 2018, 81 malaria cases were reported in Handan city, all of which were imported from abroad. The annual average incidence decreased to 0.11/100 000 in the elimination stage, while all malaria cases were male. Since the initiation of the National Malaria Elimination Programme in 2010, malaria cases were consistent with the increase in overseas export channels and personnel of labor services.Conclusions: The case-based malaria surveillance system in North China worked well at the malaria elimination stage. This ensured that malaria cases could be diagnosed, reported and timely investigated at local level.

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