Diplomatic Immunity under International Law: Legal Regulation and Current Challenges

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherzod Toshpulatov ◽  
Nigina Khudayberganova
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Diplomatic Immunity

PENERAPAN PRINSIP PERSONA NON GRATA TERHADAP DUTA BESAR DITINJAU DARI PERSPEKTIF HUKUM INTERNASIONAL (STUDI KASUS PENGANIAYAAN TKI OLEH DUTA BESAR ARAB SAUDI DI JERMAN)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-71
Author(s):  
Devi Yusvitasari
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
International Law ◽  
Recipient Country ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Vienna Convention ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
National Interests ◽  
The World ◽  
Diplomatic Immunity ◽  
The Right

A country needs to make contact with each other based on the national interests of each country related to each other, including among others economic, social, cultural, legal, political, and so on. With constant and continuous association between the nations of the world, it is one of the conditions for the existence of the international community. One form of cooperation between countries in the world is in the form of international relations by placing diplomatic representation in various countries. These representatives have diplomatic immunity and diplomatic immunity privileges that are in accordance with the jurisdiction of the recipient country and civil and criminal immunity for witnesses. The writing of the article entitled "The Application of the Principle of Non-Grata Persona to the Ambassador Judging from the Perspective of International Law" describes how the law on the abuse of diplomatic immunity, how a country's actions against abuse of diplomatic immunity and how to analyze a case of abuse of diplomatic immunity. To answer the problem used normative juridical methods through the use of secondary data, such as books, laws, and research results related to this research topic. Based on the results of the study explained that cases of violations of diplomatic relations related to the personal immunity of diplomatic officials such as cases such as cases of persecution by the Ambassador of Saudi Arabia to Indonesian Workers in Germany are of serious concern. The existence of diplomatic immunity is considered as protection so that perpetrators are not punished. Actions against the abuse of recipient countries of diplomatic immunity may expel or non-grata persona to diplomatic officials, which is stipulated in the Vienna Convention in 1961, because of the right of immunity attached to each diplomatic representative.

scholarly journals INTERNATIONAL LAW ASPECTS OF GERMAN COPYRIGHT LAW (GCL)

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Юрий Юмашев ◽  
Yuriy Yumashev ◽  
Елена Постникова ◽  
Elena Postnikova
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
International Law ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Copyright Law ◽  
World Intellectual Property Organization ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Private International Law ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Eu

The article deals with international law aspects of the GCL. To this aim firstly the international conventions on copyright law are analyzed, in particular: the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works in the wording of the Paris Act of 1971, the Convention on the Establishment of the World Intellectual Property Organization of 1967, the Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations of 1961 and Aspects of intellectual property rights (TRIPS) 1994. There is also an analysis of the EU copyright law in terms of its correlation with the law of the EU member-states and an assessment of its evolution. It is emphasized that the core fact of origin of authorship is determined on the basis of the national legislation of the Member-States. Special attention is paid to the scope of the “principle of exhausted rights”. The article also touches upon the aspect of private international law. Particular attention is paid to the legal regulation of the Internet, including Internet providers, and its impact on the formation of the GCL. The problem of combating Internet piracy is also raised, as copyright infringement often occurs in relation to works published online. In addition, the article revealed what changes were made to the GCL to comply with EU law (including secondary law acts and the practice of the EU Court). The result of the study is, among other things, the conclusion that special legal mechanisms should be developed to regulate new forms of selling works that have emerged as a result of technological progress and in the near future the Internet will undoubtedly form ways for the further development of the GCL. However, this process can negatively affect the leading role of the author as a creative person.

scholarly journals Legal substantiation of retaliatory measures of the Russian Federation to economic sanctions of the United States, European Union, and their allies

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-37
Author(s):  
Larisa Yur'evna Dobrynina ◽  
Anna Viktorovna Gubareva
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
International Law ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Economic Sanctions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Private International Law ◽  
The Russian Federation

The authors examine the economic sanctions introduced nu the U.S., EU and their allies against the Russian Federation, as well as the legal mechanism of retaliatory measures taken by Russia on the nationwide scale. The changes in the international legal regulation derailed the vector of global development, which was bringing real freedom of economic activity. Establishment of the sanction regime by the aforementioned parties signifies a struggle for own influence, weakening of the positive trade and economic ties, as well as an attempt to institute a regime of protectionism within the international trade turnover exclusively for their own benefit. Based on the analysis of the normative-legal documents, an assessment is made on the legal legitimacy of the introduced discriminatory measures of the allies from the perspective of the norms of international law. This article presents the analysis of the positions of federal laws and other legislative bills of the Russian Federation, establishing gradual constraining countermeasures for foreign subjects in various spheres of activity. The authors substantiate the fact that introduction of retaliatory economic sanctions by the Russian Federation with regards to the United States, European Union, and their allies is directly related to the implementation of the principle of reciprocity, currently existing within private international law. It is noted that all these actions on protection from illegitimate sanctions are realized by Russia practically without participation of UN, WTO and other reputable international organizations in regulation of the “sanctions” issue. The extraterritorial measures introduced by the United States and the European Union justifies the movement of Russian into a new stage of evolution of legal regulation of the foreign economic activity, and in foreign trade – establishment of new markets in Asia, Africa and Latin America.

scholarly journals Legal regulation of the use of technical means for copyright protection in international law

2018 ◽  
pp. 64-71
Author(s):  
A. N. Kirsanov ◽  
A. A. Popovich
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
International Law ◽  
Copyright Protection ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
National Level ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
General Nature ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Intellectual Activity

Introduction. The use of technical means for copyright protection is regulated not only in Russian legislation, but also in foreign and international law. It means that the international concept of intellectual property protection could be perceived differently by foreign jurisdictions, which, in turn, is of special scientific interest. The foundations of legal regulation are laid down in international treaties, which in the intellectual property law are tools that contain substantive rules of law. The provisions of such treaties are implemented in the national (supranational) legislation, and, therefore, become part of them and subject to additions.. The article is devoted to the study of international legal regulation of the use of technical means for copyright protection.Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the research consists of the following general scientific and special methods of cognition of legal phenomena and processes: dialectical, formal-legal, comparative-legal, formal-logical, structural-functional.Results of the study. The authors found that attempts to protect copyright using technology available at every stage of history were undertaken by individual countries, beginning from the second half of the 19th century. However technical means of protection received legal regulation at the international level relatively recently, the prerequisite for that was the rapid development of digital information technologies. Analysis of international legal norms in the field of legal regulation of technical means of copyright protection has shown that at present international legal regulation is of a general nature, providing each of the states at the national level with ample opportunities for legal concretization of gen-eral norms. However, recently the Internet treaties of WIPO recognized for the first time not only the advisability of the use of technical means of protection, but also the obligation prohibiting circumvention of such protection technologies, and therefore national legislations should contain provisions regulating the circumvention of such protection technologies.Discussion and Conclusions. The introduction of international law with regard to the use of the protection technologies, despite their general and abstract nature, has given a serious impetus to the establishment of legal regulation of this institution at the national level. At the same time, the rules governing the use of the protection technologies in the near future will require greater unification and concretization due to the rapid development of digital information technologies, blurring the borders between states in terms of disseminating the results of intellectual activity, and also in order to avoid a multiplicity of interpretation of law and to ensure effective legal regulation and protection of copyright.

scholarly journals Multinational (Transnational) Companies as Subjects of Public International Law // Multinacionalne (transnacionalne) kompanije kao subjekti međunarodnog javnog prava

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Boris Krivokapić
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Multinational Companies ◽  
Legal Capacity ◽  
Legal Personality ◽  
Transnational Companies ◽  
The One ◽  
International Legal Personality

The paper deals with international legal status of multinational (transnational) companies. The first part gives an overview of this entities and the specifics of their role in the modern world.In the second part, the author deals with the elements of international legal personality of multinational (transnational) companies. Such as international legal regulation of the position of these entities, their specific rights and obligations under international law, international responsibility, process subjectivity before certain international judicial bodies and the special relationship (partnership) with international organizations. It should be added that not only that international law acknowledges their existence, but also multinational companies themselves at least in part influence the development of that law.In the concluding remarks the author notes that multinational (transnational) companies do not have all the elements of a full international personality, the one that is inherent to states. However, even if not complete their personality is beyond doubt. Although between them, depending on the case, there are major differences, there is no dispute that, from the perspective of international law, at least some multinational companies have the legal capacity (the ability to be the holder of a larger or smaller circle of rights and obligations established by international law), legal capacity (the ability to conclude international agreements, create international custom, etc.), tort capacity (the ability to provide for the legal bears responsibility for violating the norms of international law), process capability (active and passive legitimacy before some international courts), etc. In all likelihood, along with the expected further strengthening of the economic, but also political and every other power and role of the companies themselves, their international personality will also become more and more developed, At one point this will require global (universal) agreement which would precisely define rights, but, in particular, the duties and responsibilities of these entities.

COLLODIZING LINKS IN PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-21
Author(s):  
Н.Д. Эриашвили ◽  
Г.М. Сарбаев ◽  
В.И. Федулов
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Private International Law ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Public Interests ◽  
National Legislation ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Russian Federation

В представленной статье рассмотрены проблемы коллодирующих привязок в международном частном праве и особенности их правовой регламентации в законодательстве Российской Федерации. Автором проанализированы особенности нормативного закрепления данного типа привязок в системе международных договоров, а также механизм имплементации этих норм в национальном законодательстве различных государств. На основе сложившейся практики применения коллодирующих привязок национальными органами государственной власти обоснована необходимость учета публичных интересов государства в данных правоотношениях. The present article examines the problems of collodizing links in private international law and the peculiarities of their legal regulation in the legislation of the Russian Federation. The author analyzed the peculiarities of this type of binding in the system of international treaties, as well as the mechanism for implementing these norms in the national legislation of various states. On the basis of the established practice of applying collodial links by national authorities, the need to take into account the public interests of the State in these legal relations is justified.

Reduced Legal Equality of Combatants in War

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-465
Author(s):  
Philipp Gisbertz-Astolfi
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Moral Rights ◽  
Moral Reasons ◽  
Correct Interpretation ◽  
Laws Of War ◽  
Ethics Of War ◽  
Legal Equality ◽  
The Right

AbstractThe focus on the moral rights of combatants in the ethics of war ignores a very important point: although morally unjust combatants cannot be considered moral equals to just combatants, especially with regard to the right to kill, there are sound moral reasons why the laws of war should accept a kind of equality between them, a concept referred to as “reduced legal equality.” Reduced legal equality is not about equal moral rights but about granting legal immunity to combatants for their conduct in accordance with the laws of war. This article shows that reduced legal equality of combatants is not only the morally best legal regulation in our nonideal international world but also the correct interpretation of international law.

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