Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the North Atlantic Ocean and the Arctic Ocean: Spatial Distribution and Water Mass Transport

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengyang Liu ◽  
Minggang Cai ◽  
Mengshan Duan ◽  
Meng Chen ◽  
Rainer Lohmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Water Mass ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The North ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
The North Atlantic

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution of Black Carbon Concentrations in the Atmosphere of the North Atlantic and the European Sector of the Arctic Ocean

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 949
Author(s):  
Sergey M. Sakerin ◽  
Dmitry M. Kabanov ◽  
Vladimir M. Kopeikin ◽  
Ivan A. Kruglinsky ◽  
Alexander N. Novigatsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The North ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
European Sector ◽  
Carbon Concentrations

We discuss the measurements of black carbon concentrations in the composition of atmospheric aerosol over the seas of the North Atlantic and European sector of the Arctic Ocean (21 expeditions in 2007–2020). The black carbon concentrations were measured by an aethalometer and filter method. The comparison of the two variants of the measurements of the black carbon concentrations showed that the data acceptably agreed and can be used jointly. It is noted that the spatial distribution of black carbon over the ocean is formed under the influence of outflows of air masses from the direction of continents, where the main sources of emission of absorbing aerosol are concentrated. We analyzed the statistical characteristics of black carbon concentrations in five marine regions, differing by the outflows of continental aerosol. The largest black carbon content is a salient feature of the atmosphere of the North and Baltic Seas, surrounded by land: average values of concentrations are 210 ng/m3, and modal values are 75 ng/m3. In other regions (except in the south of the Barents Sea), the average black carbon concentrations are 37–44 ng/m3 (modal concentrations are 18–26 ng/m3). We discuss the specific features of the spatial (latitude-longitude) distributions of black carbon concentrations, relying on ship-based measurements and model calculations (MERRA-2 reanalysis data). A common regularity of the experimental and model spatial distributions of black carbon is that the concentrations decrease in the northern direction and with the growing distance from the continent: from several hundred ng/m3 in the southern part of the North Sea to values below 50 ng/m3 in polar regions of the ocean.

Arctic vs. North Atlantic water mass exchanges in Fram Strait from Pb isotopes in sedimentsThis article is one of a series of papers published in this Special Issue on the theme Polar Climate Stability Network.

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 1253-1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Carignan ◽  
Claude Hillaire-Marcel ◽  
Anne de Vernal
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Water Mass ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Atlantic Water ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Fram Strait ◽  
The North ◽  
Anthropogenic Inputs ◽  
North Atlantic Water ◽  
The North Atlantic

Surface sediment samples (n = 10), collected between Spitzbergen and Greenland, and two cores raised east (C04) and west (C16) from Fram Strait were analyzed for their chemical and isotopic (Pb) compositions to trace the source of sediments and water masses exchanging between the Arctic and the North Atlantic oceans. In surface sediments, variable major and trace element concentrations suggest variations in both the mineralogy (carbonate and quartz dilution of other silicate minerals) and source regions of detrital supplies, based on Th/Zr and, to a lesser extent, on Th/U ratios. Each core site shows specific but nearly constant Th/Zr ratios, indicating homogeneous source supplies. At both core sites, Pb concentrations and isotopic compositions display similar patterns: homogeneous low Pb and radiogenic crustal signals below 5–10 cm, contrasting with high Pb and less radiogenic anthropogenic inputs at core-tops. However, the differing pre-anthropogenic Pb isotopic ratios in C04 and C16 confirm the involvement of distinct source supplies east and west of Fram Strait. We suggest that this isotopic specificity is mainly owing to inputs of material carried from northwestern Europe by the North Atlantic water mass and from the Laptev Sea by the Transpolar Drift, respectively. Some material from the Greenland margin and possibly from the North Atlantic Ocean may reach this zone as well. Sediments from the western Arctic are not significantly transported into the Fram Strait area, suggesting that the Canadian and the Eurasian basins remained decoupled, at least during the time span of the cored sediments (∼2000 years).

scholarly journals Carbon cycling in the Arctic Archipelago: the export of Pacific carbon to the North Atlantic

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 971-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Shadwick ◽  
T. Papakyriakou ◽  
A. E. F. Prowe ◽  
D. Leong ◽  
S. A. Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
The North ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
The North Atlantic

Abstract. The Arctic Ocean is expected to be disproportionately sensitive to climatic changes, and is thought to be an area where such changes might be detected. The Arctic hydrological cycle is influenced by: runoff and precipitation, sea ice formation/melting, and the inflow of saline waters from Bering and Fram Straits and the Barents Sea Shelf. Pacific water is recognizable as intermediate salinity water, with high concentrations of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), flowing from the Arctic Ocean to the North Atlantic via the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. We present DIC data from an east-west section through the Archipelago, as part of the Canadian International Polar Year initiatives. The fractions of Pacific and Arctic Ocean waters leaving the Archipelago and entering Baffin Bay, and subsequently the North Atlantic, are computed. The eastward transport of carbon from the Pacific, via the Arctic, to the North Atlantic is estimated. Altered mixing ratios of Pacific and freshwater in the Arctic Ocean have been recorded in recent decades. Any climatically driven alterations in the composition of waters leaving the Arctic Archipelago may have implications for anthropogenic CO2 uptake, and hence ocean acidification, in the subpolar and temperate North Atlantic.

scholarly journals Cooling down the world oceans and the earth by enhancing the North Atlantic Ocean current

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian David Hunt ◽  
Andreas Nascimento ◽  
Fabio A. Diuana ◽  
Natália de Assis Brasil Weber ◽  
Gabriel Malta Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Ocean Current ◽  
The North ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Albedo Effect ◽  
Arctic Atmosphere

AbstractThe world is going through intensive changes due to global warming. It is well known that the reduction in ice cover in the Arctic Ocean further contributes to increasing the atmospheric Arctic temperature due to the reduction of the albedo effect and increase in heat absorbed by the ocean’s surface. The Arctic ice cover also works like an insulation sheet, keeping the heat in the ocean from dissipating into the cold Arctic atmosphere. Increasing the salinity of the Arctic Ocean surface would allow the warmer and less salty North Atlantic Ocean current to flow on the surface of the Arctic Ocean considerably increasing the temperature of the Arctic atmosphere and release the ocean heat trapped under the ice. This paper argues that if the North Atlantic Ocean current could maintain the Arctic Ocean ice-free during the winter, the longwave radiation heat loss into space would be larger than the increase in heat absorption due to the albedo effect. This paper presents details of the fundamentals of the Arctic Ocean circulation and presents three possible approaches for increasing the salinity of the surface water of the Arctic Ocean. It then discusses that increasing the salinity of the Arctic Ocean would warm the atmosphere of the Arctic region, but cool down the oceans and possibly the Earth. However, it might take thousands of years for the effects of cooling the oceans to cool the global average atmospheric temperature.

Atmospheric, oceanic, and sea-ice variability along Nares Strait: a numerical model study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yarisbel Garcia Quintana ◽  
Paul G. Myers ◽  
Kent Moore
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Nares Strait ◽  
The North ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
The North Atlantic

<p>Nares Strait, between Greenland and Ellesmere Island, is one of the main pathways connecting the Arctic Ocean to the North Atlantic. The multi-year sea ice that is transported through the strait plays an important role in the mass balance of Arctic sea-ice as well as influencing the climate of the North Atlantic region. This transport is modulated by the formation of ice arches that form at the southern and northern of the strait.  The arches also play an important role in the maintenance of the North Water Polynya (NOW) that forms at the southern end of the strait. The NOW is one of the largest and most productive of Arctic polynyas. Given its significance, we use an eddy-permitting regional configuration of the Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean (NEMO) to explore sea-ice variability along Nares Strait, from 2002 to 2019. The model is coupled with the Louvain-la-Neuve (LIM2) sea ice thermodynamic and dynamic numerical model and is forced by the Canadian Meteorological Centre’s Global Deterministic Prediction System Reforecasts.</p><p>We use the model to explore the variability in ocean and sea ice characteristics along Nares Strait. The positive and negative degree days, measures of ice decay and growth, along the strait are consistent with the warming that the region is experiencing. Sea-ice production/decay did not show any significant change other than an enhanced decay during the summers of 2017-1019. Sea-ice thickness on the other hand has decreased significantly since 2007. This decrease has been more pronounced along the northern (north of Kane Basin) portion of the strait. What is more, ocean model data indicates that since 2007 the northern Nares Strait upper 100m layer has become fresher, indicating an increase in the freshwater export out of the Arctic Ocean and through the strait. The southern portion of the strait, on the other hand, has become warmer and saltier, which would be consistent with an influx of Irminger Water as proposed by previous modelling results. These changes could impact the formation and stability of the ice arch and hence the cessation of ice transport down Nares Strait as well as contributing to changes in the characteristics of the NOW. </p>

scholarly journals The Arctic Ocean as a dead end for floating plastics in the North Atlantic branch of the Thermohaline Circulation

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. e1600582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Cózar ◽  
Elisa Martí ◽  
Carlos M. Duarte ◽  
Juan García-de-Lomas ◽  
Erik van Sebille ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Thermohaline Circulation ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The North ◽  
Dead End ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
The North Atlantic
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