The Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay- Xenopus for Developmental Toxicity of Phthalate Plasticizers and Alternatives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Xu ◽  
Jihyun Jang ◽  
Myung Chan Gye
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Toxicity ◽  
Frog Embryo

Evaluation of the Developmental Toxicity of Caffeine and Caffeine Metabolites using the Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay—Xenopus (FETAX)

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 591-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J. Fort ◽  
E.L. Stover ◽  
T.L. Propst ◽  
B.C. Faulkner ◽  
T.A. Vollmuth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Toxicity ◽  
Frog Embryo

Evaluation of the developmental toxicity of nicotine and cotinine with frog embryo teratogenesis assay:Xenopus

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 329-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Dawson ◽  
Douglas J. Fort ◽  
Gregory J. Smith ◽  
Deborah L. Newell ◽  
John A. Bantle
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Toxicity ◽  
Frog Embryo

scholarly journals  Evaluation of the developmental toxicity of 2-phenoxyethanol and clove oil anaesthetics using the Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay: Xenopus (FETAX)

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Vrskova ◽  
H. Modra
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Developmental Toxicity ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Teratogenic Risk ◽  
Frog Embryo ◽  
Minimal Concentration ◽  
Index Ratio ◽  
Induce Growth Inhibition ◽  
Xenopus Laevis Embryos

The developmental toxicity of two anaesthetics, 2-phenoxyethanol and clove oil, used in aquaculture was evaluated using the Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay: Xenopus (FETAX) and the results were compared to outcomes in fish. Xenopus laevis embryos were exposed to 50, 100, 300, 500, 700 and 1000 mg/l of 2-phenoxyethanol or 1, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg/l of clove oil. Values of 96 h LC50, 96 h EC50 (malformation) and teratogenic index (ratio of 96 h LC50 and 96 h EC50) were determined and the types and severities of the induced malformations and minimal concentration inhibiting the growth of embryos were estimated. Teratogenic index values for 2-phenoxy-<br />ethanol and clove oil were estimated at 1.69 and 0.61 respectively. The most frequently observed malformations produced by 2-phenoxyethanol were axial flexure and oedema and for clove oil, axial flexure, gut malformation, microphthalmia and oedema. 2-phenoxyethanol was found to induce growth inhibition of frog embryos at concentrations above 300 mg/l and clove oil at concentrations above 20 mg/l. In summary, both 2-phenoxyethanol and clove oil affected the growth of Xenopus embryos, while only 2-phenoxyethanol represented a teratogenic risk. &nbsp;

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