Evaluation of the developmental toxicity of metal-contaminated sediments using short-term fathead minnow and frog embryo-larval assays

1988 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine F. Stebler ◽  
Sterling L. Burks ◽  
John A. Bantle ◽  
Douglas A. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Fathead Minnow ◽  
Developmental Toxicity ◽  
Contaminated Sediments ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Frog Embryo

Characterization of responses to the antiandrogen flutamide in a short-term reproduction assay with the fathead minnow

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen M. Jensen ◽  
Michael D. Kahl ◽  
Elizabeth A. Makynen ◽  
Joseph J. Korte ◽  
Richard L. Leino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fathead Minnow ◽  
Short Term

Evaluation of the Developmental Toxicity of Caffeine and Caffeine Metabolites using the Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay—Xenopus (FETAX)

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 591-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J. Fort ◽  
E.L. Stover ◽  
T.L. Propst ◽  
B.C. Faulkner ◽  
T.A. Vollmuth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Toxicity ◽  
Frog Embryo

scholarly journals Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Stearoxy Dimethicone, Dimethicone, Methicone, Amino Bispropyl Dimethicone, Aminopropyl Dimethicone, Amodimethicone, Amodimethicone Hydroxystearate, Behenoxy Dimethicone, C24–28 Alkyl Methicone, C30–45 Alkyl Methicone, C30–45 Alkyl Dimethicone, Cetearyl Methicone, Cetyl Dimethicone, Dimethoxysilyl Ethylenediaminopropyl Dimethicone, Hexyl Methicone, Hydroxypropyldimethicone, Stearamidopropyl Dimethicone, Stearyl Dimethicone, Stearyl Methicone, and Vinyldimethicone

2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 10-35
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Developmental Toxicity ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fluid Mixture ◽  
Inhalation Study ◽  
Cosmetic Formulations ◽  
Siloxane Polymers

Dimethicone is a fluid mixture of fully methylated linear siloxane polymers end-blocked with trimethylsiloxy units. Methicone is a linear monomethyl polysiloxane. The other dimethicones and methicones covered in this review are siloxane polymers of Dimethicone and Methicone. Most of these ingredients function as conditioning agents in cosmetic formulations at current concentrations of use of ≤ 15%. Clinical and animal absorption studies reported that Dimethicone was not absorbed following oral or dermal exposure. Dimethicone, Methicone, and Vinyldimethicone were not acutely toxic following oral exposure. No adverse reactions were found in rabbits following short-term dermal dosing with 6% to 79% Dimethicone, yet adverse effects were noted with a hand cream formulation containing 1% Dimethicone, suggesting something else in the preparation was toxic. Mice and rats were dosed for 90 days with up to 10% Dimethicone without adverse effect. Dimethicone did not produce adverse effects in acute and short-term inhalation-route studies, Methicone and Vinyldimethicone were negative in acute exposure studies using rats, but Hexyl Methicone was toxic to rats at 5 mg/L delivered in small particle (mean diameter of 0.29 μ) aerosols. Most dermal irritation studies using rabbits classified Dimethicone as a minimal irritant. Dimethicone (tested undiluted and at 79%) was not a sensitizer in four assays using mice and guinea pigs. It was not a sensitizer at 5.0% in a clinical repeated insult patch test using 83 panelists. Most ocular irritation studies using rabbits classified Dimethicone as a mild to minimal irritant. Dimethicone was tested in numerous oral-dose (using rats) and dermal-dose (using rats, rabbits, and monkeys) reproductive and developmental toxicity studies. In a few studies, treated males had significantly decreased body weight and/or decreased testes or seminal vesicles weights. No treatment-related adverse findings were noted in dosed pregnant females or fetuses. Dimethicone was negative in all genotoxicity assays. It was negative in both an oral (tested at 91%) and dermal (tested at an unknown concentration) dose carcinogenicity assay using mice. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel considered it unlikely that any of these polymers would be significantly absorbed into the skin due to their large molecular weight. Although adverse effects were noted in one inhalation study with small aerosol particles, the expected particle sizes for cosmetic products would primarily be in the range of 60 to 80 μ, and less than 1% would be under 10 μ, which is an upper limit for respirable particles. Overall, the safety test data support the safety of these ingredients at the concentrations they are known to be used in cosmetic formulations. Accordingly, the CIR Expert Panel was of the opinion that Stearoxy Dimethicone, Dimethicone, Methicone, Amino Bis-propyl Dimethicone, Aminopropyl Dimethicone, Amodimethicone, Amodimethicone Hydroxystearate, Behenoxy Dimethicone, C24–28 Alkyl Methicone, C30–45 Alkyl Methicone, C30–45 Alkyl Dimethicone, Cetearyl Methicone, Cetyl Dimethicone, Dimethoxysilyl Ethylenediaminopropyl Dimethicone, Hexyl Methicone, Hydroxypropyldimethicone, Stearamidopropyl Dimethicone, Stearyl Dimethicone, Stearyl Methicone, and Vinyldimethicone are safe as used in cosmetic formulations.

scholarly journals Morphological sex reversal upon short-term exposure to endocrine modulators in juvenile fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas)

2002 ◽  
Vol 131 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 51-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Zerulla ◽  
R Länge ◽  
T Steger-Hartmann ◽  
G Panter ◽  
T Hutchinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fathead Minnow ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Sex Reversal ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure

Comparison of Artemia feeding regimens on larval growth in a short-term fathead minnow toxicity test

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
EricM. Silberhorn ◽  
WilliamA. Robison ◽  
TerryM. Short ◽  
JeffreyA. Black ◽  
WesleyJ. Birge
Keyword(s):  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Fathead Minnow ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Short Term
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