scholarly journals Top-Down Feedback Enables Flexible Coding Strategies in Olfactory Cortex

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Chen ◽  
Krishnan Padmanabhan
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Cortex ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Coding Strategies ◽  
Flexible Coding

scholarly journals Top-down feedback enables flexible coding strategies in olfactory cortex

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Chen ◽  
Krishnan Padmanabhan
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Olfactory System ◽  
Granule Cells ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Olfactory Cortex ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Detailed Model

In chemical sensation, multiple models have been proposed to explain how odors are represented by patterns of neuronal activity in the olfactory cortex. One hypothesis is that the identity of combinations of active neurons within specific sniff-related time windows are critical for encoding information about odors. Another model is that patterns of neural activity evolve across time and it is this temporal structure that is essential for encoding odor information. Interestingly, we found that top-down feedback to the olfactory bulb dictates what information is transmitted to the olfactory cortex by switching between these two strategies. Using a detailed model of the early olfactory system, we demonstrate that feedback control of inhibitory granule cells in the main olfactory bulb influences the balance between excitatory and inhibitory synaptic currents in mitral cells, thereby restructuring the firing patterns of piriform cortical cells across time. This resulted in performance gains in both the accuracy and reaction time of odor discrimination tasks. These findings lead us to propose a new framework for early olfactory computation, one in which top-down feedback to the bulb flexibly controls the temporal structure of neural activity in olfactory cortex, allowing the early olfactory system to dynamically switch between two distinct models of coding.  

scholarly journals Olfactory Cortex Generates Synchronized Top-Down Inputs to the Olfactory Bulb during Slow-Wave Sleep

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (22) ◽  
pp. 8123-8133 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Manabe ◽  
I. Kusumoto-Yoshida ◽  
M. Ota ◽  
K. Mori
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Olfactory Cortex ◽  
Top Down

scholarly journals Tuning of ventral tenia tecta neurons of the olfactory cortex to distinct scenes of feeding behavior

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuki Shiotani ◽  
Hiroyuki Manabe ◽  
Yuta Tanisumi ◽  
Koshi Murata ◽  
Junya Hirokawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Piriform Cortex ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Afferent Input ◽  
Olfactory Cortex ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Behavioral Correlates ◽  
Drinking Behaviors

AbstractVentral tenia tecta (vTT) is a part of the olfactory cortex that receives both olfactory sensory signals from the olfactory bulb and top-down signals from the prefrontal cortex. To address the question whether and how the neuronal activity of the vTT is modulated by prefrontal cognitive processes such as attention, expectation and working memory that occurs during goal-directed behaviors, we recorded individual neuronal responses in the vTT of freely moving awake mice that performed learned odor-guided feeding and drinking behaviors. We found that the firing pattern of individual vTT cells had repeatable behavioral correlates such that the environmental and behavioral scene the mouse encountered during the learned behavior was the major determinant of when individual vTT neurons fired maximally. Furthermore, spiking activity of these scene cells was modulated not only by the present scene but also by the future scene that the mouse predicted. We show that vTT receives afferent input from the olfactory bulb and top-down inputs from the medial prefrontal cortex and piriform cortex.These results indicate that different groups of vTT cells are activated at different scenes and suggest that processing of olfactory sensory information is handled by different scene cells during distinct scenes of learned feeding and drinking behaviors. In other words, during the feeding and drinking behavior, vTT changes its working mode moment by moment in accord with the scene change by selectively biasing specific scene cells. The scene effect on olfactory sensory processing in the vTT has implications for the neuronal circuit mechanisms of top-down attention and scene-dependent encoding and recall of olfactory memory.

Top-down inputs from the olfactory cortex in the postprandial period promote elimination of granule cells in the olfactory bulb

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 2724-2733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayaka Komano-Inoue ◽  
Hiroyuki Manabe ◽  
Mizuho Ota ◽  
Ikue Kusumoto-Yoshida ◽  
Takeshi K. Yokoyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Granule Cells ◽  
Olfactory Cortex ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Postprandial Period

scholarly journals Tuning of olfactory cortex ventral tenia tecta neurons to distinct task elements of goal-directed behavior

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuki Shiotani ◽  
Yuta Tanisumi ◽  
Koshi Murata ◽  
Junya Hirokawa ◽  
Yoshio Sakurai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Cortex ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Behavioral Context ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Temporal Window ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Odor Coding ◽  
Goal Directed Behavior ◽  
Odor Signals

The ventral tenia tecta (vTT) is a component of the olfactory cortex and receives both bottom-up odor signals and top-down signals. However, the roles of the vTT in odor-coding and integration of inputs are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the involvement of the vTT in these processes by recording the activity from individual vTT neurons during the performance of learned odor-guided reward-directed tasks in mice. We report that individual vTT cells are highly tuned to a specific behavioral epoch of learned tasks, whereby the duration of increased firing correlated with the temporal length of the behavioral epoch. The peak time for increased firing among recorded vTT cells encompassed almost the entire temporal window of the tasks. Collectively, our results indicate that vTT cells are selectively activated during a specific behavioral context and that the function of the vTT changes dynamically in a context-dependent manner during goal-directed behaviors.

scholarly journals Respiration-phased switching between sensory inputs and top-down inputs in the olfactory cortex

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimiya Narikiyo ◽  
Hiroyuki Manabe ◽  
Yoshihiro Yoshihara ◽  
Kensaku Mori
Keyword(s):  
Time Window ◽  
Sensory Deprivation ◽  
Current Source ◽  
Pyramidal Cells ◽  
Olfactory Cortex ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Sensory Inputs ◽  
Odor Signals ◽  
Oscillatory Current ◽  
Slow Depolarization

Olfactory perception depends on respiration phases: olfactory cortex processes external odor signals during inhalation whereas it is isolated from the external odor world during exhalation. Olfactory cortex pyramidal cells receive the sensory signals via bottom-up pathways terminating on superficial layer (SL) dendrites while they receive top-down inputs on deep layer (DL) dendrites. Here we asked whether olfactory cortex pyramidal cells spontaneously change the action modes of receiving olfactory sensory inputs and receiving top-down inputs in relation to respiration phases. Current source density analysis of local field potentials recorded in three different olfactory cortex areas of waking immobile rats revealed β- and γ-range fast oscillatory current sinks and a slow current sink in the SL during inhalation, whereas it showed β- and γ-range fast oscillatory current sinks and a slow current sink in the DL during exhalation. Sensory deprivation experiments showed that inhalation-phased olfactory sensory inputs drove the inhalation-phased fast oscillatory potentials in the SL but they drove neither the inhalation-phased slow current sink in the SL nor the exhalation-phased slow current sink in the DL. The results indicate that independent of inhalation-phased olfactory sensory inputs, olfactory cortex pyramidal cells spontaneously generate a slow depolarization in the SL dendrites during inhalation, which may selectively boost the concomitant olfactory sensory inputs to elicit spike outputs. In addition, the pyramidal cells spontaneously generate slow depolarization in the DL dendrites during exhalation, which may assist top-down inputs to elicit spike outputs. We thus hypothesize that the olfactory cortical areas coordinately perform inhalation/exhalation-phased switching of input biasing: inhalation phase is the time window for external odor signals that arrive in the SL dendrites, whereas exhalation phase is assigned to boost top-down signals to the DL dendrites that originate in higher brain centers.

scholarly journals Radial maze analog for pigeons: Evidence for flexible coding strategies may result from faulty assumptions

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandra D. Gipson ◽  
Kelly A. DiGian ◽  
Holly C. Miller ◽  
Thomas R. Zentall
Keyword(s):  
Radial Maze ◽  
Coding Strategies ◽  
Flexible Coding

Synchronized top-down inputs from the olfactory cortex participate in the cell death of adult-born neurons in the olfactory bulb

2011 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. e237
Author(s):  
Sayaka Komano ◽  
Hiroyuki Manabe ◽  
Mizuho Ota ◽  
Ikue Kusumoto-Yoshida ◽  
Takeshi Yokoyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Olfactory Cortex ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Adult Born Neurons

Top-Down Processing and Visual Reorientation Illusions in a Virtual Reality Environment

2004 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred W. Mast ◽  
Charles M. Oman
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Line Length ◽  
Perceptual Cues ◽  
Virtual Reality Environment ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Processing Mechanisms

The role of top-down processing on the horizontal-vertical line length illusion was examined by means of an ambiguous room with dual visual verticals. In one of the test conditions, the subjects were cued to one of the two verticals and were instructed to cognitively reassign the apparent vertical to the cued orientation. When they have mentally adjusted their perception, two lines in a plus sign configuration appeared and the subjects had to evaluate which line was longer. The results showed that the line length appeared longer when it was aligned with the direction of the vertical currently perceived by the subject. This study provides a demonstration that top-down processing influences lower level visual processing mechanisms. In another test condition, the subjects had all perceptual cues available and the influence was even stronger.

Functional Anatomy of Intensity Aspects of Attention

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Sturm
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Functional Anatomy ◽  
Fmri Data ◽  
Functional Networks ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Stimulus Modality ◽  
Spatial Orienting ◽  
Phasic Alertness ◽  
Co Activation ◽  
Attention System

Abstract: Behavioral and PET/fMRI-data are presented to delineate the functional networks subserving alertness, sustained attention, and vigilance as different aspects of attention intensity. The data suggest that a mostly right-hemisphere frontal, parietal, thalamic, and brainstem network plays an important role in the regulation of attention intensity, irrespective of stimulus modality. Under conditions of phasic alertness there is less right frontal activation reflecting a diminished need for top-down regulation with phasic extrinsic stimulation. Furthermore, a high overlap between the functional networks for alerting and spatial orienting of attention is demonstrated. These findings support the hypothesis of a co-activation of the posterior attention system involved in spatial orienting by the anterior alerting network. Possible implications of these findings for the therapy of neglect are proposed.

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