Top-down inputs from the olfactory cortex in the postprandial period promote elimination of granule cells in the olfactory bulb

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 2724-2733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayaka Komano-Inoue ◽  
Hiroyuki Manabe ◽  
Mizuho Ota ◽  
Ikue Kusumoto-Yoshida ◽  
Takeshi K. Yokoyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Granule Cells ◽  
Olfactory Cortex ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Postprandial Period

scholarly journals Top-down feedback enables flexible coding strategies in olfactory cortex

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Chen ◽  
Krishnan Padmanabhan
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Olfactory System ◽  
Granule Cells ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Olfactory Cortex ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Detailed Model

In chemical sensation, multiple models have been proposed to explain how odors are represented by patterns of neuronal activity in the olfactory cortex. One hypothesis is that the identity of combinations of active neurons within specific sniff-related time windows are critical for encoding information about odors. Another model is that patterns of neural activity evolve across time and it is this temporal structure that is essential for encoding odor information. Interestingly, we found that top-down feedback to the olfactory bulb dictates what information is transmitted to the olfactory cortex by switching between these two strategies. Using a detailed model of the early olfactory system, we demonstrate that feedback control of inhibitory granule cells in the main olfactory bulb influences the balance between excitatory and inhibitory synaptic currents in mitral cells, thereby restructuring the firing patterns of piriform cortical cells across time. This resulted in performance gains in both the accuracy and reaction time of odor discrimination tasks. These findings lead us to propose a new framework for early olfactory computation, one in which top-down feedback to the bulb flexibly controls the temporal structure of neural activity in olfactory cortex, allowing the early olfactory system to dynamically switch between two distinct models of coding.  

scholarly journals Long-range GABAergic inhibition modulates spatiotemporal dynamics of the output neurons in the olfactory bulb

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo S. Villar ◽  
Ruilong Hu ◽  
Ricardo C. Araneda
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Granule Cells ◽  
Brain Slices ◽  
Gabaergic Neurons ◽  
Gabaergic Inhibition ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Local Interneurons ◽  
Output Neurons ◽  
Tufted Cells

SUMMARYLocal interneurons of the olfactory bulb (OB) are densely innervated by long-range GABAergic neurons from the basal forebrain (BF), suggesting that this top-down inhibition regulates early processing in the olfactory system. However, how GABAergic inputs modulate the OB output neurons, the mitral/tufted cells, is unknown. Here, in acute brain slices, we show that optogenetic activation of BF GABAergic inputs produced distinct local circuit effects that can influence the activity of mitral/tufted cells in the spatiotemporal domains. Activation of the GABAergic axons produced a fast disinhibition of mitral/tufted cells consistent with a rapid and synchronous release of GABA onto local interneurons in the glomerular and inframitral circuits of the OB, which also reduced the spike precision of mitral/tufted cells in response to simulated stimuli. In addition, BF GABAergic inhibition modulated local oscillations in a layer-specific manner. The intensity of locally evoked θ oscillations was decreased upon activation of top-down inhibition in the glomerular circuit, while evoked γ oscillations were reduced by inhibition of granule cells. Furthermore, BF GABAergic input reduced dendrodendritic inhibition in mitral/tufted cells. Together, these results suggest that long-range GABAergic neurons from the BF are well suited to influence temporal and spatial aspects of processing by OB circuits.

scholarly journals Effect of intervening lesions on amino acid distributions in rat olfactory cortex and olfactory bulb.

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1157-1169 ◽  
Author(s):  
D A Godfrey ◽  
C D Ross ◽  
J A Carter ◽  
O H Lowry ◽  
F M Matschinsky
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Granule Cells ◽  
Anterior Commissure ◽  
Piriform Cortex ◽  
Mitral Cell ◽  
Olfactory Cortex ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Lateral Olfactory Tract ◽  
Mapping Procedure

Levels of the proposed neurotransmitter amino acids glutamate, aspartate, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and glycine were measured within the layered structures of the olfactory bulb and olfactory cortex following unilateral transections of the lateral olfactory tract or of virtually all fiber tracts of the olfactory peduncle. Distributions of the amino acids on both lesion and control sides were examined and compared by means of a mapping procedure. The results suggest: 1) Glutamate and aspartate are specifically associated with mitral (and presumably also tufted) cell axons and terminals in the piriform cortex. The distribution of aspartate in the olfactory bulb is further suggestive of a specific association of aspartate with mitral cell dendrites and somata. 2) Glutamate might be specifically associated with some centrifugal fibers traveling to the olfactory bulb in or near the anterior commissure. 3) GABA might be specifically related to some certrifugal fibers to the olfactory bulb in addition to its prominent association with granule cells of the bulb. 4) Glycine is unlikely to play a prominent neurotransmitter role in either the olfactory bulb or olfactory cortex.

scholarly journals Olfactory Cortex Generates Synchronized Top-Down Inputs to the Olfactory Bulb during Slow-Wave Sleep

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (22) ◽  
pp. 8123-8133 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Manabe ◽  
I. Kusumoto-Yoshida ◽  
M. Ota ◽  
K. Mori
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Olfactory Cortex ◽  
Top Down

scholarly journals Tuning of ventral tenia tecta neurons of the olfactory cortex to distinct scenes of feeding behavior

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuki Shiotani ◽  
Hiroyuki Manabe ◽  
Yuta Tanisumi ◽  
Koshi Murata ◽  
Junya Hirokawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Piriform Cortex ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Afferent Input ◽  
Olfactory Cortex ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Behavioral Correlates ◽  
Drinking Behaviors

AbstractVentral tenia tecta (vTT) is a part of the olfactory cortex that receives both olfactory sensory signals from the olfactory bulb and top-down signals from the prefrontal cortex. To address the question whether and how the neuronal activity of the vTT is modulated by prefrontal cognitive processes such as attention, expectation and working memory that occurs during goal-directed behaviors, we recorded individual neuronal responses in the vTT of freely moving awake mice that performed learned odor-guided feeding and drinking behaviors. We found that the firing pattern of individual vTT cells had repeatable behavioral correlates such that the environmental and behavioral scene the mouse encountered during the learned behavior was the major determinant of when individual vTT neurons fired maximally. Furthermore, spiking activity of these scene cells was modulated not only by the present scene but also by the future scene that the mouse predicted. We show that vTT receives afferent input from the olfactory bulb and top-down inputs from the medial prefrontal cortex and piriform cortex.These results indicate that different groups of vTT cells are activated at different scenes and suggest that processing of olfactory sensory information is handled by different scene cells during distinct scenes of learned feeding and drinking behaviors. In other words, during the feeding and drinking behavior, vTT changes its working mode moment by moment in accord with the scene change by selectively biasing specific scene cells. The scene effect on olfactory sensory processing in the vTT has implications for the neuronal circuit mechanisms of top-down attention and scene-dependent encoding and recall of olfactory memory.

Synchronized top-down inputs from the olfactory cortex participate in the cell death of adult-born neurons in the olfactory bulb

2011 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. e237
Author(s):  
Sayaka Komano ◽  
Hiroyuki Manabe ◽  
Mizuho Ota ◽  
Ikue Kusumoto-Yoshida ◽  
Takeshi Yokoyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Olfactory Cortex ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Adult Born Neurons

scholarly journals Top-down inputs drive neuronal network rewiring and context-enhanced sensory processing in olfaction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne Adams ◽  
James N. Graham ◽  
Xuchen Han ◽  
Hermann Riecke
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Olfactory System ◽  
Sensory Input ◽  
Granule Cells ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Cluttered Environments

AbstractMuch of the computational power of the mammalian brain arises from its extensive top-down projections. To enable neuron-specific information processing these projections have to be precisely targeted. How such a specific connectivity emerges and what functions it supports is still poorly understood. We addressed these questions in silico in the context of the profound structural plasticity of the olfactory system. At the core of this plasticity are the granule cells of the olfactory bulb, which integrate bottom-up sensory inputs and top-down inputs delivered by vast top-down projections from cortical and other brain areas. We developed a biophysically supported computational model for the rewiring of the top-down projections and the intra-bulbar network via adult neurogenesis. The model captures various previous physiological and behavioral observations and makes specific predictions for the cortico-bulbar network connectivity that is learned by odor exposure and environmental contexts. Specifically, it predicts that after learning the granule-cell receptive fields with respect to sensory and with respect to cortical inputs are highly correlated. This enables cortical cells that respond to a learned odor to enact disynaptic inhibitory control specifically of bulbar principal cells that respond to that odor. Functionally, the model predicts context-enhanced stimulus discrimination in cluttered environments (‘olfactory cocktail parties’) and the ability of the system to adapt to its tasks by rapidly switching between different odor-processing modes. These predictions are experimentally testable. At the same time they provide guidance for future experiments aimed at unraveling the cortico-bulbar connectivity.Author summaryIn mammalian sensory processing, extensive top-down feedback from higher brain areas reshapes the feedforward, bottom-up information processing. The structure of the top-down connectivity, the mechanisms leading to its specificity, and the functions it supports are still poorly understood. Using computational modeling, we investigated these issues in the olfactory system. There, the granule cells of the olfactory bulb, which is the first brain area to receive sensory input from the nose, are the key players of extensive structural changes to the network through the addition and also the removal of granule cells as well as through the formation and removal of their connections. This structural plasticity allows the system to learn and to adapt its sensory processing to its odor environment. Crucially, the granule cells combine bottom-up sensory input from the nose with top-down input from higher brain areas, including cortex. Our biophysically supported computational model predicts that, after learning, the granule cells enable cortical neurons that respond to a learned odor to gain inhibitory control of principal neurons of the olfactory bulb, specifically of those that respond to the learned odor. Functionally, this allows top-down input to enhance odor discrimination in cluttered environments and to quickly switch between odor tasks.

Group I Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Are Differentially Expressed by Two Populations of Olfactory Bulb Granule Cells

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 3136-3141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Heinbockel ◽  
Kathryn A. Hamilton ◽  
Matthew Ennis
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Glutamate Receptors ◽  
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors ◽  
Granule Cells ◽  
Mitral Cell ◽  
Mitral Cells ◽  
Patch Clamp Recording ◽  
Metabotropic Glutamate ◽  
Group I ◽  
Bath Application

In the main olfactory bulb, several populations of granule cells (GCs) can be distinguished based on the soma location either superficially, interspersed with mitral cells within the mitral cell layer (MCL), or deeper, within the GC layer (GCL). Little is known about the physiological properties of superficial GCs (sGCs) versus deep GCs (dGCs). Here, we used patch-clamp recording methods to explore the role of Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in regulating the activity of GCs in slices from wildtype and mGluR−/− mutant mice. In wildtype mice, bath application of the selective Group I mGluR agonist DHPG depolarized and increased the firing rate of both GC subtypes. In the presence of blockers of fast synaptic transmission (APV, CNQX, gabazine), DHPG directly depolarized both GC subtypes, although the two GC subtypes responded differentially to DHPG in mGluR1−/− and mGluR5−/− mice. DHPG depolarized sGCs in slices from mGluR5−/− mice, although it had no effect on sGCs in slices from mGluR1−/− mice. By contrast, DHPG depolarized dGCs in slices from mGluR1−/− mice but had no effect on dGCs in slices from mGluR5−/− mice. Previous studies showed that mitral cells express mGluR1 but not mGluR5. The present results therefore suggest that sGCs are more similar to mitral cells than dGCs in terms of mGluR expression.

scholarly journals Migration of bipolar subependymal cells, precursors of the granule cells of the rat olfactory bulb, with reference to the arrangement of the radial glial fibers.

1990 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyoshi KISHI ◽  
Jun Yun PENG ◽  
Sachiko KAKUTA ◽  
Kunio MURAKAMI ◽  
Masaru KURODA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Granule Cells ◽  
Radial Glial
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