Le consommateur européen face à l’intelligence artificielle – Quel cadre règlementaire au sein du marché unique numérique ? (The European Consumer and Artificial Intelligence - What Regulatory Framework within the Digital Single Market'?)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Thelisson ◽  
Marion Ho-Dac
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Single Market ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
European Consumer

scholarly journals Artificial intelligence, Digital Single Market and the proposal of a right to fair and reasonable inferences: a legal issue between ethics and techniques

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-91
Author(s):  
Alexandre Veronese ◽  
Alessandra Silveira ◽  
Amanda Nunes Lopes Espiñeira Lemos
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
European Union ◽  
Data Protection ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Single Market ◽  
Legal Issue ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Union Law ◽  
General Data Protection Regulation

The article discusses the ethical and technical consequences of Artificial intelligence (hereinafter, A.I) applications and their usage of the European Union data protection legal framework to enable citizens to defend themselves against them. This goal is under the larger European Union Digital Single Market policy, which has concerns about how this subject correlates with personal data protection. The article has four sections. The first one introduces the main issue by describing the importance of AI applications in the contemporary world scenario. The second one describes some fundamental concepts about AI. The third section has an analysis of the ongoing policies for AI in the European Union and the Council of Europe proposal about ethics applicable to AI in the judicial systems. The fourth section is the conclusion, which debates the current legal mechanisms for citizens protection against fully automated decisions, based on European Union Law and in particular the General Data Protection Regulation. The conclusion will be that European Union Law is still under construction when it comes to providing effective protection to its citizens against automated inferences that are unfair or unreasonable.

Liability in Labor Legislation

2021 ◽  
pp. 214-232
Author(s):  
Andriyana Andreeva ◽  
Galina Yolova
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
European Community ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
National Level ◽  
Labor Law ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
European Level ◽  
Labor Legislation

The study analyzes the influence of artificial intelligence on labor relations and the related need to adapt to the legal institute of liability in labor law with the new social realities. The sources at European level are studied and the current aspects of liability in the labor law at a national level are analyzed. Based on the analysis, the challenges are outlined and the trends for the doctrine, the European community, and the legislation for the introduction of a regulatory framework are identified.

Liability for Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Autonomous Systems ◽  
Product Liability ◽  
Single Market ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Legislative Process ◽  
Key Topics ◽  
Digital Law ◽  
The Internet Of Things

2018 witnessed several key developments which have shaped the digital single market. Whereas some issues are now in the final stages of the legislative process, other key topics are in their infancy and therefore require in-depth discussion as to how EU law should react to the challenges and needs of the digital economy. This volume focuses on an issue central to the digital single market: the ‘Liability for Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things’. European legislators face the challenge of deciding between adapting existing product liability rules or the creation of a new concept of objective liability for autonomous systems. The 2018 Münster colloquium provided a forum for intense discussion of these questions between renowned experts on digital law and representatives from EU institutions and industry. With contributions by Cristina Amato, Georg Borges, Jean-Sébastien Borghetti, Giovanni Comandé, Ernst Karner, Bernhard Koch, Sebastian Lohsse, Eva Lux, Miquel Martín-Casals, Reiner Schulze, Gerald Spindler, Dirk Staudenmayer, Gerhard Wagner, Herbert Zech

Application of elements of artificial intelligence technology in labor relations: problems and prospects

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
S. Yu. Chucha
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Labor Dispute ◽  
Labor Disputes ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Technology ◽  
The Russian Federation

The author analyzes the existing legal, philosophical and technical approaches to the application of artificial intelligence technology in labor and related relations. The prospects of developing a regulatory framework for resolving labor disputes in Labor Dispute Commissions and courts of the Russian Federation, the practice of acceptance of a claim, preparing cases for litigation, and considering labor disputes using elements of artificial intelligence are assessed.

The basic rules for coexistence: The possible applicability of metalaw for human-AGI relations

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-117
Author(s):  
Kamil Muzyka
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Regulatory Framework

AbstractHuman-AGI relations are soon going to be a subject to number of policies and regulations. Although most current Blue Sky de lege ferenda postulates towards robot and artificial intelligence regulatory framework are focused on the liability of the producer or the owner of the AI based product, one might try to conceptualize the legal relations and rules for the coexistence between humans and an anthropocognitive AI’s (AGI) possessing proper capacity. The main purpose of this article is to explore the possibility of applying the principles of Metalaw to mentioned relations. The scope shall consider a non-chattel and non-property based status of those types of AIs, as well as sufficient advancement of such entities, or the emergence of advanced non-human based intelligence.

scholarly journals Autonomous Artificial Intelligence and Uncontemplated Hazards: Towards the Optimal Regulatory Framework

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Mitja KOVAC
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Tort Law ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Safety Regulation ◽  
Legal Personality ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
Judgment Proof ◽  
Regulatory Intervention

The issue of super-intelligent artificial intelligence (AI) has begun to attract ever more attention in economics, law, sociology and philosophy studies. A new industrial revolution is being unleashed, and it is vital that lawmakers address the systemic challenges it is bringing while regulating its economic and social consequences. This paper sets out recommendations to ensure informed regulatory intervention covering potential uncontemplated AI-related risks. If AI evolves in ways unintended by its designers, the judgment-proof problem of existing legal persons engaged with AI might undermine the deterrence and insurance goals of classic tort law, which consequently might fail to ensure optimal risk internalisation and precaution. This paper also argues that, due to identified shortcomings, the debate on the different approaches to controlling hazardous activities boils down to a question of efficient ex ante safety regulation. In addition, it is suggested that it is better to place AI in the existing legal categories and not to create a new electronic legal personality.

The ethical dimension of human–artificial intelligence collaboration

European View ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 178168582110592
Author(s):  
Michał Boni
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Digital Literacy ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Ethical Dimension ◽  
Work Patterns ◽  
Digital Revolution ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
Life Work

The development of artificial intelligence (AI) has accelerated the digital revolution and has had an enormous impact on all aspects of life. Work patterns are starting to change, and cooperation between humans and machines, currently humans and various forms of AI, is becoming crucial. There are advantages and some threats related to these new forms of human–AI collaboration. It is necessary to base this collaboration on ethical principles, ensuring the autonomy of humans over technology. This will create trust, which is indispensable for the fruitful use of AI. This requires an adequate regulatory framework: one that is future proof, anticipates how AI will develop, takes a risk-based approach and implements ex ante assessment as a tool to avoid unintended consequences. Furthermore, we need human oversight of the development of AI, supported by inter-institutional partnerships. But first we need to create the conditions for the development of AI digital literacy.

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