Multipotent Schwann Cell Precursors Generate Steroid-Producing Cells of the Adrenal Cortex and Chromaffin Cells of the Adrenal Medulla

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Steenblock ◽  
Ilona Berger ◽  
Alice Santambrogio ◽  
Susanne Reinhardt ◽  
Mathias Lesche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schwann Cell ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Adrenal Medulla ◽  
Chromaffin Cells ◽  
Schwann Cell Precursors

scholarly journals Activin A stimulates catecholamine secretion from rat adrenal chromaffin cells: a new physiological mechanism

2005 ◽  
Vol 186 (2) ◽  
pp. R1-R5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damien J Keating ◽  
Chen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Adrenal Medulla ◽  
Chromaffin Cells ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Activin A ◽  
Catecholamine Secretion ◽  
Maximal Effect ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Adrenal Chromaffin Cells ◽  
Adrenal Chromaffin

Activin A is a member of the transforming growth factor-β family and has known roles in the adrenal cortex, from which activin A is secreted. We aimed to find whether activin A induces secretion of catecholamines from chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla, which neighbours the adrenal cortex in vivo. Using carbon fibre amperometry, we were able to measure catecholamine secretion in real-time from single chromaffin cells dissociated from the rat adrenal medulla. Activin A stimulated catecholamine secretion in a rapid and dose-dependent manner from chromaffin cells. This effect was fully reversible upon washout of activin A. The minimum dose at which activin A had a maximal effect was 2 nM, with an EC50 of 1.1 nM. The degree of secretion induced by activin A (2 nM) was smaller than that due to membrane depolarization caused by an increase in the external K+ concentration from 5 to 70 mM. No response to activin A was seen when Ca2+ channels were blocked by Cd2+ (200 μM). We conclude from these findings that activin A is capable of stimulating a robust level of catecholamine secretion from adrenal chromaffin cells in a concentration-dependent manner. This occurs via the opening of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, causing Ca2+ entry, thereby triggering exocytosis. These findings illustrate a new physiological role of activin A and a new mechanism in the control of catecholamine secretion from the adrenal medulla.

scholarly journals Schwann cell precursors as a source for adrenal gland chromaffin cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. e3072-e3072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiza Lousado ◽  
Pedro H D M Prazeres ◽  
Julia P Andreotti ◽  
Ana E Paiva ◽  
Patrick O Azevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schwann Cell ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Chromaffin Cells ◽  
Schwann Cell Precursors

scholarly journals Schwann Cell Precursors Generate the Majority of Chromaffin Cells in Zuckerkandl Organ and Some Sympathetic Neurons in Paraganglia

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Eleni Kastriti ◽  
Polina Kameneva ◽  
Dmitry Kamenev ◽  
Viacheslav Dyachuk ◽  
Alessandro Furlan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schwann Cell ◽  
Chromaffin Cells ◽  
Sympathetic Neurons ◽  
Schwann Cell Precursors

Immunogold labeling of the calcium binding protein synexin in isolated adrenal chromaffin granules and chromaffin cells

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 952-953
Author(s):  
Gemma A.J. Kuijpers ◽  
Harvey B. Pollard
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Medulla ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Chromaffin Cells ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Chromaffin Granules ◽  
Immuno Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
Adrenal Chromaffin

Exocytotic fusion of granules in the adrenal medulla chromaffin cell is triggered by a rise in the concentration of cytosolic Ca2+ upon cell activation. The protein synexin, annexin VII, was originally found in the adrenal medulla and has been shown to cause aggregation and to support fusion of chromaffin granules in a Ca2+-dependent manner. We have previously suggested that synexin may there fore play a role in the exocytotic fusion process. In order to obtain more structural information on synexin, we performed immuno-electron microscopy on frozen ultrathin sections of both isolated chromaffin granules and chromaffin cells.Chromaffin granules were isolated from bovine adrenal medulla, and synexin was isolated from bovine lung. Granules were incubated in the presence or absence of synexin (24 μg per mg granule protein) and Ca2+ (1 mM), which induces maximal granule aggregation, in 0.3M sucrose-40m MMES buffer(pH 6.0). Granules were pelleted, washed twice in buffer without synexin and fixed with 2% glutaraldehyde- 2% para formaldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (GA/PFA) for 30 min. Chromaffin cells were isolated and cultured for 3-5 days, and washed and incubated in Krebs solution with or without 20 uM nicotine. Cells were fixed 90 sec after on set of stimulation with GA/PFA for 30 min. Fixed granule or cell pellets were washed, infiltrated with 2.3 M sucrose in PBS, mounted and frozen in liquid N2.

scholarly journals Nerve-associated Schwann cell precursors contribute extracutaneous melanocytes to the heart, inner ear, supraorbital locations and brain meninges

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marketa Kaucka ◽  
Bara Szarowska ◽  
Michaela Kavkova ◽  
Maria Eleni Kastriti ◽  
Polina Kameneva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schwann Cell ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Gene Knockout ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Lineage Tracing ◽  
Pigment Cells ◽  
Hearing Function ◽  
Embryonic Origin ◽  
Schwann Cell Precursors ◽  
Evolutionary Aspects

AbstractMelanocytes are pigmented cells residing mostly in the skin and hair follicles of vertebrates, where they contribute to colouration and protection against UV-B radiation. However, the spectrum of their functions reaches far beyond that. For instance, these pigment-producing cells are found inside the inner ear, where they contribute to the hearing function, and in the heart, where they are involved in the electrical conductivity and support the stiffness of cardiac valves. The embryonic origin of such extracutaneous melanocytes is not clear. We took advantage of lineage-tracing experiments combined with 3D visualizations and gene knockout strategies to address this long-standing question. We revealed that Schwann cell precursors are recruited from the local innervation during embryonic development and give rise to extracutaneous melanocytes in the heart, brain meninges, inner ear, and other locations. In embryos with a knockout of the EdnrB receptor, a condition imitating Waardenburg syndrome, we observed only nerve-associated melanoblasts, which failed to detach from the nerves and to enter the inner ear. Finally, we looked into the evolutionary aspects of extracutaneous melanocytes and found that pigment cells are associated mainly with nerves and blood vessels in amphibians and fish. This new knowledge of the nerve-dependent origin of extracutaneous pigment cells might be directly relevant to the formation of extracutaneous melanoma in humans.

Schwann cell precursors generate sympathoadrenal system during zebrafish development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitrii Kamenev ◽  
Kazunori Sunadome ◽  
Maxim Shirokov ◽  
Andrey S. Chagin ◽  
Ajeet Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schwann Cell ◽  
Sympathoadrenal System ◽  
Zebrafish Development ◽  
Schwann Cell Precursors

Schwann cell precursors and their development

Glia ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristjan R. Jessen ◽  
Rhona Mirsky
Keyword(s):  
Schwann Cell ◽  
Schwann Cell Precursors
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document