Reimagining Schools' Role Outside the Family Regulation System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brianna Harvey ◽  
Josh Gupta-Kagan ◽  
Christopher Church
Keyword(s):  
Regulation System ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Regulation

scholarly journals Ending the Family Death Penalty and Building a World We Deserve

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Albert ◽  
Tiheba Bain ◽  
Elizabeth Brico ◽  
Bishop Marcia Dinkins ◽  
Kelis Houston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Supremacy ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Black Families ◽  
Regulation System ◽  
Black Mothers ◽  
Termination Of Parental Rights ◽  
Family Separation ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Family Regulation

U.S. history is rooted in the rationalization of family separation to benefit white supremacy, capitalism and mainstream U.S. values. Because of this dark history, the U.S. history has become the world’s leader of legal destruction of families through termination of parental rights. It is the only country in the world that routinely pays people to adopt children whose parents, often women, very much want to be their parent. The Adoption and Safe Families Act, enacted in 1997, wildly changed the legal landscape of the family regulation system. At that time 47% of the children in the system were Black, and the drug war had been targeting Black men for low level offenses, and labeling Black mothers as “crack moms”. The result was an extreme attack on Black families, for which we have yet to recover.   Abolition teaches us to unroot oppressive structures, disrupt and dismantle them while simultaneously supporting a praxis of imagination, healing, and building. In this paper, we encourage people not only to work to repeal ASFA, but to interrogate the imagination which entrenched the legitimacy of ASFA. Part I centers the discussion in our imaginations—the world we want to build, and the demands we are making. Part II moves into a discussion about the counter imagination, the ideas and mythology that created ASFA—the legal framework. In this section, we isolate ASFA as a target for abolition and organizing. Part III moves into a practical discussion about ethical ways to mobilize around ASFA. This section is intended to invite the reader to learn, and question, together. It invites questions, thinking, and problem solving in lieu of providing a recommendation.

scholarly journals The White Supremacy Hydra

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Mack
Keyword(s):  
Child Protection ◽  
White Supremacy ◽  
Black Families ◽  
Regulation System ◽  
Prevention Services ◽  
The Family ◽  
Regulation Policy ◽  
Modern Family ◽  
Family Regulation ◽  
First Time

Fundamentally, the so-called “child welfare system”—more appropriately named, the family regulation system—is a policing system rooted in white supremacist ideologies and techniques. From its earliest iteration, the family regulation system has functioned to pathologize, control, and punish the families entrapped in its web, most especially Black families. Nevertheless, among many, the myth persists that the family regulation system is one of child protection and family support. This is especially true when discussing the Family First Prevention Services Act of 2018, which—for the first time since the establishment of the modern family regulation system—opens up federal funding streams previously reserved for the removal of children to the foster system to provide prevention services for families in which children have not yet been removed to the foster system. While the Act is a course change in federal family regulation policy, this Article traces how it leaves undisturbed the pathology, control, and punishment central to the policies that preceded it.

scholarly journals Reimagining Schools' Role Outside the Family Regulation System

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brianna Harvey ◽  
Josh Gupta-Kagan ◽  
Christopher Church
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mandatory Reporting ◽  
Regulation System ◽  
Mandated Reporting ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Regulation ◽  
Low Income Families

The United States’ family regulation system often begins with well-intentioned professionals making child protection hotline calls, jeopardizing their own ability to work with families and subjecting the families to surveillance. By the system’s own standards, most of this surveillance leads to no meaningful action. Nowhere is this reality more present than in schools. Educational personnel serve as the leading driver of child maltreatment allegations, yet decades worth of data reveal educator reports of maltreatment are the least likely to be screenedin and the least likely to be substantiated or confirmed. In other words, education personnel— whether motivated by genuine concern, which may nevertheless be informed by implicit biases towards low-income families and families of color; fear of liability; or the desire to access services they believe families cannot acquire elsewhere— overwhelm our child welfare system with unnecessary allegations of maltreatment. This reality has fundamentally transformed the relationship between families and schools. Carrying the heavy burden of mandated reporting laws, public schools disproportionately refer Black and low-income families to the family regulation system, abdicating schools’ opportunity to serve these same families in the communities in which they reside. Rather than serving as the great equalizer, public schools increasingly contribute to the carceral state’s regulation of families. This Article argues that schools must shift their role away from the reporting and surveillance of these families, and instead directly provide and arrange for services for families. This change begins with sharply limiting or repealing mandatory reporting obligations (permitting voluntary reports in severe cases)—but that is only the start. Schools are well-positioned to create new pathways to the supports and services from which most families reported to the family regulation system might actually benefit. Schools are already a primary source of food for impoverished children, and can help ensure low-income families access all the public benefits to which they are entitled. Schools can largely refer children and families to the same services that the family regulation system can—such as mental health services and substance abuse treatment—but without that system’s coercive authority and its associated problems. Where some services are tied to the family regulation system’s involvement, then law should permit schools to refer families directly. Schools know which families need legal services to defend their housing, access benefits, obtain orders of protection—or any of the myriad of other supports that poverty lawyers can provide. This shift would tie schools to the families and communities that they serve and benefit those families and communities far more than the surveillance and policing they experience under the current family regulation system.

scholarly journals The Surveillance Tentacles of the Child Welfare System

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Baughman ◽  
Tehra Coles ◽  
Jennifer Feinberg ◽  
Hope Newton
Keyword(s):  
Child Welfare ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Child Welfare System ◽  
Regulation System ◽  
Medical Providers ◽  
Family Separation ◽  
Communities Of Color ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Regulation ◽  
Cross System

The family regulation system identifies families through the use of widespread, cross-system surveillance for the purported purpose of keeping children safe. But the system does not surveil all families equally, leading to the disproportionate impact of family regulation on Black, Brown, and Native families, and fails to protect while causing more harm to children and communities of color. We examine how institutions and professionals that are meant to provide necessary services to the community—medical providers, social services agencies, the police, and schools—act as tentacles of surveillance, entrapping families in the family regulation system. We argue that engineering service and community providers as surveillance agents perpetuates inequality and leads to unnecessary family separation and trauma, and that genuine support for families can only thrive outside of the family regulation system and its surveillance tentacles. 

Ferritin crystals in the gut caeca of stegocephaloides christianiensis boeck and other stegocephalidae (amphipoda gammaridea): a functional interpretation

1984 ◽  
Vol 306 (1127) ◽  
pp. 219-245 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Senior Author ◽  
Tissue Reaction ◽  
Regulation System ◽  
Functional Interpretation ◽  
The Family

Iron-rich octahedral crystals have been described by the senior author in the gut caeca cells of the amphipod Stegocephaloides christianiensis . The present investigation revealed their presence in other species in the family Stegocephalidae ( Bathystegocephalus inflatus , Euandania ingens , Parandania boecki , Stegocephaloides auratus , S. vanhojfeni , Stegocephalus inflatus , Phippsiella spp. and Parandaniexis sp. (cf. mirabilis ). Crystals were not found in Andaniopsis nordlandica , T etradeion crassum or Andaniexis abyssi , although the latter gave a tissue reaction for iron. Fe cells contain only a single crystal each in all species and crystals consistently increased in size proximally in each caecum. The most distal region of the caecum was devoid of crystals. Detailed work was confined to Stegocephaloides christianiensis , Stegocephalus inflatus and Parandaniexis sp. (cf. mirabilis ). Caecum ultrastructure of S. christianiensis is described: two cell facies (R /F and B cells) are distinguishable. R /F cells (=Fe cells) are columnar, with a terminal brush-border of long microvilli. Lipid globules, glycogen, Fe crystals and Ca granules are found in these cells. B-cells have a luminal border of short, stubby microvilli with an apical complex of membrane-bound vesicles of varying degrees of coalescence. The composition of the Fe crystals has been described using X -ray microprobe analysis. Strong Fe peaks were revealed together with minor peaks for Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Cu and Zn. These elements were identified in the surrounding cytoplasm also. Crystal composition is homogeneous with no separate core. The crystal consists of hexagonally arranged, electron dense cores of 5.8 + 0.3 nm diameter at intercore distances of 10.5 ± 0.5 nm, 7.5 + 0.5 nm and 9.5 + 0.5 nm. Wide angle electron diffraction analysis of the cores gave four rings with d spacings of 0.250, 0.223, 0.191 and 0.145 nm (all + 0.003 nm). On these bases the substance of the crystals is identified as ferritin. Ferritin crystals are voided in the faeces of Stegocephaloides christianiensis , suggesting a role in iron excretion, perhaps as part of a body content regulation process. The content of iron in S. christianiensis and a variety of other inshore Amphipoda has been investigated using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Iron content was non-linearly related to body dry mass in S. christianiensis and cannot simply be explained as a consequence of surface adsorption. Iron levels in S. christianiensis were higher than in many other species investigated. The morphology of the mouthparts of S. christianiensis has been investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Analyses of fresh stomach contents revealed cnidarian nematocysts which corresponded in size and form with those from Adamsia carciniopados , Pennatula phosphorea and Hydractinia echinata . Behavioural observations on live S. christianiensis suggested that Pennatula was a likely prey item. Investigations of a range of Cnidaria and of a few known predators of cnidarians ( Pycnogonum , Hyperia ) confirmed that the discharged acontia of Adamsia and the soft tissues of Pennatula contained unusually high concentrations of iron. It is proposed that the production and expulsion of ferritin crystals by S. christianiensis and other cnidarian-consuming species in the family Stegocephalidae represents an iron regulation system in animals experiencing a dietary iron challenge.

scholarly journals Achieving Functionality Through Modular Build-up: Structure and Size Selection of Serine Oligopeptidases

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1089-1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna J. Kiss-Szemán ◽  
Veronika Harmat ◽  
Dóra K. Menyhárd
Keyword(s):  
Serine Proteases ◽  
System Size ◽  
Catalytic Triad ◽  
Selection Strategy ◽  
Regulation System ◽  
Size Selection ◽  
The Family ◽  
Serine Protease Family ◽  
Selection Of

Enzymes of the prolyl oligopeptidase family (S9 family) recognize their substrates not only by the specificity motif to be cleaved but also by size - they hydrolyze oligopeptides smaller than 30 amino acids. They belong to the serine-protease family, but differ from classical serine-proteases in size (80 kDa), structure (two domains) and regulation system (size selection of substrates). This group of enzymes is an important target for drug design as they are linked to amnesia, schizophrenia, type 2 diabetes, trypanosomiasis, periodontitis and cell growth. By comparing the structure of various members of the family we show that the most important features contributing to selectivity and efficiency are: (i) whether the interactions weaving the two domains together play a role in stabilizing the catalytic triad and thus their absence may provide for its deactivation: these oligopeptidases can screen their substrates by opening up, and (ii) whether the interaction-prone β-edge of the hydrolase domain is accessible and thus can guide a multimerization process that creates shielded entrance or intricate inner channels for the size-based selection of substrates. These cornerstones can be used to estimate the multimeric state and selection strategy of yet undetermined structures.

Family pedagogy and home education

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Sergeeva ◽  
E. Nikitina ◽  
M. Nedveckaya ◽  
N. Vinogradova ◽  
E. Shashenkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Formation ◽  
Family Education ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Raising Children ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Pedagogy ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Legal Foundations ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
Family Regulation

The textbook reveals the normative and legislative acts of family regulation and the legal foundations of family education, describes the family at different stages of its formation, the history and traditions of the family in different faiths. The article presents the characteristics of family formation and marital relations. The basics of raising children in different types of families are formulated and methods of improving the pedagogical culture of parents are proposed. For students of secondary vocational education institutions. It can be useful for bachelors, undergraduates, postgraduates and students of advanced training courses and retraining of teaching staff.

The Incomplete Family: Ethnographic Explorations on Domestic Relations in Aden

Hawwa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-101
Author(s):  
Susanne Dahlgren
Keyword(s):  
Family Relations ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Residential Patterns ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Family Unit ◽  
Domestic Relations ◽  
Family Patterns ◽  
Household Dynamics ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Regulation

AbstractWith the support of ethnographic material from Aden (Yemen), this chapter explores untypical family forms and residential patterns that break the normative conventions as regulated in law and reproduced in popular morality discourses. With material that extends from the late colonial era to the early 2000s, the chapter scrutinizes domestic relations in regards to the background of changes in family regulation (law and legal practice) during the course of the past fifty years. The family is analyzed as a concentration of relations of all kinds, both inside the family and in its contacts with the outside. The article raises pertinent questions about the family unit. How closed and autonomous is the family unit, actually? What outside relationships might dominate over family relations? How do matters of subsistence, translocal migration and global economies influence family patterns, maintenance arrangements and residence forms? Rather than looking at the family from a state perspective or as part of a nationalist agenda, this chapter draws the perspective from inside the family. What strengthens a family and what threatens it? Why is it that particular family forms are idealized while in practice other types might prevail? How do intimate needs, and sexual preferences and practices influence the experiences of closeness in a family? By applying practice perspective, that is, seeing household dynamics from structural and agentic perspectives complemented by agents' evaluations on the two, the article reviews critically Middle Eastern scholarship on domestic relations.

scholarly journals How Racial Politics Led Directly to the Enactment of the Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Guggenheim
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foster Care ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Racial Politics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regulation System ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Family Regulation ◽  
Parent Child

This Article is part of a celebration of the magnificent work of Dorothy Roberts who, more than any other scholar, has brilliantly demonstrated both the highly destructive qualities of the United States’ family regulation system and its relationship to the country’s legacy of slavery. The most vicious feature of the current family regulation system is the almost routine destruction of families resulting from an overly zealous enforcement of the Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997, through which the federal government pays states to permanently banish parents from their children and legally sever the parent-child relationship when children have remained in foster care for fifteen months. This Article tells some of the racialized history that led to the enactment of the Adoption and Safe Families Act.

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