scholarly journals The Causal Effect of Depression and Anxiety on Life Satisfaction: An Instrumental Variable Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnar Buason ◽  
Edward C. Norton ◽  
Paul McNamee ◽  
Edda Bjork Thordardottir ◽  
Tinna Laufey Asgeirsdóttir
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Variable Approach ◽  
Instrumental Variable Approach

scholarly journals The Causal Effect of Depression and Anxiety on Life Satisfaction: An Instrumental Variable Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnar Buason ◽  
Edward Norton ◽  
Paul McNamee ◽  
Edda Bjork Thordardottir ◽  
Tinna Laufey Asgeirsdóttir
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Variable Approach ◽  
Instrumental Variable Approach

CEO media coverage and corporate investment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weijie Chen ◽  
Yongjie Zhang ◽  
Jingran Zhao ◽  
Gang Hu ◽  
Gaofeng Zou
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Investor Sentiment ◽  
Corporate Investment ◽  
Chinese Media ◽  
Variable Approach ◽  
Prior Literature ◽  
Instrumental Variable Approach ◽  
Behavioral Perspective

We examine how the tone of news articles about CEOs affects corporate investment at the CEOs’ firms. Using unique Chinese media coverage data, we show that positive CEO news articles are significantly associated with increased corporate investment, and the total number of articles does not matter. To establish causality, we use a Granger lead-lag test approach, as well as an instrumental variable approach that uses type of news outlets (state-controlled vs. non-state-controlled). Our identification strategies suggest a positive causal effect of CEO news tone on the level of corporate investment. We further identify two underlying economic mechanisms: CEO overconfidence and investor sentiment. We find that the relation between CEO news tone and corporate investment is mainly driven by the overinvestment aspect of investment inefficiency. Our work contributes to prior literature by examining the effects of specific news types (i.e., CEO coverage) and by highlighting a behavioral perspective underlying corporate investment.

The Effect of the Disability Insurance Application Decision on the Employment of Denied Applicants

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 267-271
Author(s):  
Mashfiqur R. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Disability Insurance ◽  
Point Reduction ◽  
Variable Approach ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Social Security Disability ◽  
Application Decision ◽  
Instrumental Variable Approach

Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) affects the labor supply of applicants through its work discouragement and through human capital deterioration regardless of the ultimate acceptance or denial of the claim. In this paper, I provide an estimate of the causal effect of SSDI application on denied applicants using non-applicants as a comparison group. Exploiting instrumental variable approach, I find that the SSDI causes a 36 percentage point reduction in employment of the denied applicants of ages 50 to 58 in the short run. The loss of potential employment of the denied SSDI applicants is a welfare loss to the society.

scholarly journals Bilateral labor agreements and the migration of Filipinos: An instrumental variable approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brianna O’Steen
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Null Results ◽  
Original Dataset ◽  
Variable Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
Policy Models ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Instrumental Variable Approach

Abstract Bilateral labor agreements (BLAs) are preferred policy models for regulating migration by many governments around the world. The Philippines has been a leader in both agreement conclusion and exporting labor. A recent Congressional evocation is pushing bureaucrats and academics alike to investigate this policy strategy for outcomes and effectiveness. The following analysis answers the question “Do BLAs affect the migration outflows of Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs)?” using a plausibly exogenous variation to isolate a causal effect. I test for effects of BLAs using two instrumental variables (IVs), such as Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) and Formal Alliances, and an original dataset of land-based and sea-based Filipino BLAs and migrant stock in 213 unique areas from 1960 to 2018. I do not find any empirical evidence that these treaties drive migration. However, BLAs have statistically significant effects on gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and exports, suggesting other important channels through which these agreements affect economic outcomes. These null results are critically important for policymakers and diplomats because the resources spent on negotiation are wasted if the primary goal is to increase migration.

scholarly journals Satisfaction as an outcome, as a means and as a cause

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Susanne Elsas
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Econometric Methods ◽  
Variable Approach ◽  
Panel Fixed Effects ◽  
Instrumental Variable Approach

This dissertation analyzes large-scale panel data on individual satisfaction in three self-contained empirical studies, each taking a different perspective on individual satisfaction and using appropriate econometric methods accordingly. In its first empirical analysis, the thesis addresses the obvious question of satisfaction as an outcome, here if life satisfaction is an outcome of education. Results of the instrumental variable estimation, using German NEPS data, show that education has no effect on life satisfaction, yet on some of its determinants. Based on the idea that income is a fundamental of financial satisfaction, the second analysis concludes from satisfaction to its cause: Intra-household satisfaction differences are used as a means to approach the intra-household income distribution. Panel fixed effects estimations on German SOEP data show that couples share their income according to their individual financial contribution to the household‘s income. Finally, the last analysis, which also uses SOEP data, explores the question whether satisfaction could also be the cause of a typical determinant of itself, i.e. of income. This analysis also uses SOEP data and an recent synthetic instrumental variable approach. Results suggest that satisfaction causes income, while income tends not to cause satisfaction.

International Remittances and Private Healthcare in Kerala, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-460
Author(s):  
Mohd Imran Khan ◽  
Valatheeswaran C.
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Healthcare Expenditure ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Private Healthcare ◽  
International Remittances ◽  
Variable Approach ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Instrumental Variable Approach

The inflow of international remittances to Kerala has been increasing over the last three decades. It has increased the income of recipient households and enabled them to spend more on human capital investment. Using data from the Kerala Migration Survey-2010, this study analyses the impact of remittance receipts on the households’ healthcare expenditure and access to private healthcare in Kerala. This study employs an instrumental variable approach to account for the endogeneity of remittances receipts. The empirical results show that remittance income has a positive and significant impact on households’ healthcare expenditure and access to private healthcare services. After disaggregating the sample into different heterogeneous groups, this study found that remittances have a greater effect on lower-income households and Other Backward Class (OBC) households but not Scheduled Caste (SC) and Scheduled Tribe (ST) households, which remain excluded from reaping the benefit of international migration and remittances.

scholarly journals Nonparametric Instrumental Variable Methods for Dynamic Treatment Evaluation

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-367
Author(s):  
Gerard J. van den Berg ◽  
Petyo Bonev ◽  
Enno Mammen
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Asymptotic Properties ◽  
Right Censoring ◽  
Unemployment Duration ◽  
Dynamic Selection ◽  
Average Causal Effect ◽  
Variable Approach ◽  
Dynamic Treatment ◽  
Job Finding

We develop an instrumental variable approach for identification of dynamic treatment effects on survival outcomes in the presence of dynamic selection, noncompliance, and right-censoring. The approach is nonparametric and does not require independence of observed and unobserved characteristics or separability assumptions. We propose estimation procedures and derive asymptotic properties. We apply our approach to evaluate a policy reform in which the pathway of unemployment benefits as a function of the unemployment duration is modified. Those who were unemployed at the reform date could choose between the old and the new regime. We find that the new regime has a positive average causal effect on the job finding rate.

scholarly journals Errors-in-Variables Identification in Dynamic Networks by an Instrumental Variable Approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 2335-2340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne Dankers ◽  
Paul M.J. Van den Hof ◽  
Xavier Bombois ◽  
Peter S.C. Heuberger
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Dynamic Networks ◽  
Errors In Variables ◽  
Variable Approach ◽  
Instrumental Variable Approach
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