Review on Optimisation of Water Distribution Network by Leakage Reduction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Somani ◽  
Dr. Shrikant Charhate
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Leakage Reduction

scholarly journals Leakage Control and Energy Consumption Optimization in the Water Distribution Network Based on Joint Scheduling of Pumps and Valves

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 2969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Shao ◽  
Yanxi Yu ◽  
Tingchao Yu ◽  
Shipeng Chu ◽  
Xiaowei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Excessive Pressure ◽  
Leakage Reduction ◽  
Energy Consumption Optimization ◽  
Leakage Control

Apart from water quality, leakage control and energy consumption management are the most concerning challenges for water treatment plants (WTPs). The joint scheduling of pumps and pressure reducing valves (PRVs) in the water distribution network can reduce excessive pressure and distribute pressure more evenly, which achieves comprehensive reduction of leakages and energy consumption. Taking into account the main shortcomings of the commonly used methods, such as scheduling pumps or PRVs separately, or optimizing PRV settings when their position is given, etc., this paper has taken the PRV (position and setting) and the working status of variable speed pumps (VSPs) as decision variables and the cost savings contributed by leakage reduction and energy consumption savings as the objective function, which maximized the economic benefits brought by PRV and/or VSP scheduling. A genetic algorithm (GA) was used to optimize the solution under multiple working conditions. The performance of three control strategies (PRV-only scheduling, VSP-only scheduling, and joint scheduling of PRVs and VSPs) are compared to each other based on a small network. Joint scheduling has achieved the best economic benefits in reducing the gross cost (contributed by leakage and energy consumption) of the three control strategies, which results in a leakage reduction of 33.4%, an energy consumption reduction of 25.4%, and a total cost reduction of 33.1%, when compared to the original network, and saving about 1148 m 3 water (7% of the original consumption) and 722 kWh electric energy (25.4% of the original consumption) per day.

EFFICIENT CHLORINATION SCHEDULE FOR A WATER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK WITH MULTIPLE PUMPING STATIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1071-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei-Mugur Georgescu ◽  
Sanda-Carmen Georgescu ◽  
Remus Alexandru Madularea ◽  
Diana Maria Bucur ◽  
Georgiana Dunca
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Pumping Stations

A study on appropriate investment of pipeline rehabilitation for water distribution network

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
A. Asakura ◽  
A. Koizumi ◽  
O. Odanagi ◽  
H. Watanabe ◽  
T. Inakazu
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Optimal Basis ◽  
Model Case

In Japan most of the water distribution networks were constructed during the 1960s to 1970s. Since these pipelines were used for a long period, pipeline rehabilitation is necessary to maintain water supply. Although investment for pipeline rehabilitation has to be planned in terms of cost-effectiveness, no standard method has been established because pipelines were replaced on emergency and ad hoc basis in the past. In this paper, a method to determine the maintenance of the water supply on an optimal basis with a fixed budget for a water distribution network is proposed. Firstly, a method to quantify the benefits of pipeline rehabilitation is examined. Secondly, two models using Integer Programming and Monte Carlo simulation to maximize the benefits of pipeline rehabilitation with limited budget were considered, and they are applied to a model case and a case study. Based on these studies, it is concluded that the Monte Carlo simulation model to calculate the appropriate investment for the pipeline rehabilitation planning is both convenient and practical.

Whole life costing: application to water distribution network

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Engelhardt ◽  
D. Savic ◽  
P. Skipworth ◽  
A. Cashman ◽  
A. Saul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Management ◽  
Asset Management ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Activity Based Costing ◽  
Operational Strategies ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Whole Life Costing

There is an increasing pressure from the economic regulator in England and Wales for water companies to ensure that their capital maintenance decisions reflect an understanding of the long-term impact on their operational costs and risks. This implies that decisions must not only reflect the costs borne now but the likely costs in the future, and how these might be optimised. It is noteworthy that within the construction and transport industries, asset management decisions which have been driven in this direction utilise a whole life costing (WLC) methodology. This paper addresses the implications of transferring the concept of WLC to service-based assets such as water systems. A WLC approach to distribution network management aims to achieve the lowest network provision and operating cost when all costs are considered to achieve standards enforced by regulation. Cognisance is to be taken of all relevant costs - direct and indirect, private and societal - in order to balance the needs of the service supplier, the customer, society and the environment in a sustainable manner. A WLC analysis thus attempts to develop a cost profile over the life of the asset. Accounting for the costs over this period is achieved through a combination of activity based costing (ABC) and a life cycle assessment (LCA) used to identify potential social and environmental costs. This process means that each of these identified costs must be linked to some physical parameter that itself varies over time due to changing demands on the system, the different operational strategies available to the operator and natural deterioration of the fabric of the system. The links established between the cost and activities of the operator provide the basis for the development of a WLC decision tool (WiLCO) for application to water distribution network management.

Nitrite and Nitrate Levels in Groundwater, Water Distribution Network, Bottled Water and Juices in Iran : A systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maasoumeh Marhamati ◽  
Asma Afshari ◽  
Behzad Kiani ◽  
Behrooz Jannat ◽  
Mohammad Hashemi
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
The Body ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite

Background: Nitrate and nitrite can get into the body through the consumption of contaminated water either directly or indirectly. The accumulation of these compounds in the body, in the long run, leads to health problems, for example, digestive disorders, cancers, and even death threats in children. The aim of this review is to investigate nitrate and nitrite pollution levels in drinking water and fruit juices in Iran. Methods: In this review data were collected through searching the Scientific Information Database, Science-Direct, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Magiran databases using the keywords Nitrate, Nitrite, Drinking water, Drinking Water Resources, Juice and Iran. Finally, the location of the studies was geocoded through the Google My Maps (https://www.google.com/mymaps) software. Results: Studies clearly indicated that the juices are safe in terms of nitrate. Nitrate and nitrite values were less than the national and international standards in all samples of bottled drinking water except for a few of the studies. The results of the reviewed studies also indicated that the nitrate content was higher than that written on the label in 96% of the samples, and nitrite was not labeled in 80% of them. The nitrate quantity was higher than the permissible limit, in the water distribution network of Bushehr, Gilan and Mazandaran Provinces. Talesh, Ardabil, Hashtgerd, Divandareh, and Kerman cities had high nitrate levels in more than 50% of wells. Conclusion: Using nitrogen fertilizers and lack of a wastewater treatment system were the main reasons for the presence of nitrate and nitrite.

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