Nudging Timely Wage Reporting: Field Experimental Evidence from the United States Social Supplementary Income Program

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Yiwei Zhang ◽  
Jeffrey Hemmeter ◽  
Judd B. Kessler ◽  
Robert D. Metcalfe ◽  
Robert Weathers
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
The United States

Moral reasoning and anti-immigrant bias: Experimental evidence from university students in Germany and the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 101627
Author(s):  
William J. Wilhelm ◽  
Peter Weber ◽  
Kacey Douglas ◽  
Markus Siepermann ◽  
Ayman Abuhamdieh
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
University Students ◽  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
The United States

The Hidden Impacts of Phosphorus Pollution to Streams and Rivers

BioScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A Mallin ◽  
Lawrence B Cahoon
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Algal Bloom ◽  
Harmful Algal Bloom ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Phosphorus Pollution ◽  
Resource Managers

Abstract Phosphorus (P) enrichment to streams, lakes, and estuaries is increasing throughout the United States. P loading is typically viewed from a harmful algal bloom perspective; if added P causes excess growths of phytoplankton or macroalgae, it may become targeted for control. However, P loading also contributes to two other non–algae-based aquatic problems. Field and experimental evidence shows that P loading directly stimulates growth of aquatic bacteria, which can increase to concentrations that exert a significant biochemical oxygen demand on water bodies, contributing to hypoxia, a widespread impairment. Experimental evidence also demonstrates that fecal bacterial growth can be significantly stimulated by P loading, increasing health risks through exposure or the consumption of contaminated shellfish and causing economic losses from beach and shellfish area closures. Resource managers need to look beyond algal bloom stimulation and should consider the broader roles that excess P loading can have on ecosystem function and microbiological safety for humans.

scholarly journals Against the Flow: Differentiating Between Public Opposition to the Immigration Stock and Flow

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Yotam Margalit ◽  
Omer Solodoch
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Moral Obligation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Voter Preferences ◽  
The Future ◽  
Resident Aliens ◽  
Stock Flow ◽  
Citizens Attitudes ◽  
Public Opposition

Abstract Vast research on immigration lumps together native citizens' attitudes toward two different groups: the immigrant stock of non-naturalized resident aliens, and the immigrant flow, that is, the future arrival of foreigners seeking to enter and live in the country. Does popular opposition to immigration distinguish between the two, and if so, how? This article analyzes theoretically the reasons the stock and flow might induce different views among natives, and presents experimental evidence from the United States showing that natives are systematically more accepting of the former. The analysis indicates that this ‘stock premium’ partly stems from a sense of moral obligation toward people residing in the country. Replicating two widely cited experiments, the study shows that the stock–flow distinction has important implications for the interpretation of earlier findings on immigration attitudes, and for understanding voter preferences regarding policies designed to curtail immigration.

scholarly journals Genetic and Experimental Evidence for Cross-Species Infection by Swine Hepatitis E Virus

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 9714-9721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-Jin Meng ◽  
Patrick G. Halbur ◽  
Max S. Shapiro ◽  
Sugantha Govindarajan ◽  
Jeremy D. Bruna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
The United States ◽  
Amino Acid Identity ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Swine Hepatitis ◽  
The U.S

ABSTRACT Prior to the recent discovery of the swine hepatitis E virus (swine HEV) in pigs from the midwestern United States, HEV was not considered endemic to this country. Since swine HEV is antigenically and genetically related to human strains of HEV, it was important to characterize this new virus further. The infectivity titer of a pool of swine HEV in pigs was determined in order to prepare a standardized reagent and to evaluate the dose response in pigs. Although the sequence of swine HEV varied extensively from those of most human strains of HEV, it was very closely related to the two strains of human HEV (US-1 and US-2) isolated in the United States. The U.S. strains which were recently recovered from two patients with clinical hepatitis E in the United States shared ≥97% amino acid identity with swine HEV in open reading frames 1 and 2. Phylogenetic analyses of different regions of the genome revealed that swine HEV and the U.S. strains grouped together and formed a distinct branch. These results suggested that swine HEV may infect humans. When we inoculated rhesus monkeys and a chimpanzee, experimental surrogates of humans, with swine HEV, the primates became infected. Furthermore, in a reciprocal experiment, specific-pathogen-free pigs were experimentally infected with the US-2 strain of human HEV that is genetically similar to swine HEV. These results provided experimental evidence for cross-species infection by the swine virus. Thus, humans appear to be at risk of infection with swine HEV or closely related viruses.

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