The Political Economy of Automotive Industry Development Policy in Middle Income Countries: A Comparative Analysis of Egypt, India, South Africa and Turkey

This chapter traces how policies and institutions flowing from the post-apartheid political settlement in South Africa gave rise to a range of rents and rent-like transfers, which have not, however, been adequately invested to advance structural transformation. Rather, corporate and industrial restructuring has been associated with a ‘high-profit and low-investment’ economy and deindustrialization. Low investment, job losses, and limited black participation in the ‘commanding heights’ of the economy from the mid-1990s spurred the political impetus for a stronger role for the state during the 2000s. The formal introduction of industrial policy in 2007 has had some successes and helped to avert even deeper deindustrialization. However, it has been undermined by unsupportive macroeconomic policies and a weak articulation between policies to advance black ownership and structural transformation. Rising corruption and maladministration have further undermined structural transformation. Implications are drawn from South Africa’s experience for middle-income countries more generally.

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The Economic Cost of Violence Against Women and Girls in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review of the Evidence

Trauma Violence & Abuse ◽

10.1177/15248380211016018 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 152483802110160

Author(s):

Seema Vyas ◽

Melissa Meinhart ◽

Katrina Troy ◽

Hannah Brumbaum ◽

Catherine Poulton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Violence Against Women ◽

Economic Burden ◽

Data Availability ◽

Female Genital Cutting ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Women And Girls ◽

Low And Middle Income

Evidence demonstrating the economic burden of violence against women and girls can support policy and advocacy efforts for investment in violence prevention and response programming. We undertook a systematic review of evidence on the costs of violence against women and girls in low- and middle-income countries published since 2005. In addition to understanding costs, we examined the consistency of methodological approaches applied and identified and assessed common methodological issues. Thirteen articles were identified, eight of which were from sub-Saharan Africa. Eight studies estimated costs associated with domestic or intimate partner violence, others estimated the costs of interpersonal violence, female genital cutting, and sexual assaults. Methodologies applied to estimate costs were typically based on accounting approaches. Our review found that out-of-pocket expenditures to individuals for seeking health care after an episode of violence ranged from US$29.72 (South Africa) to US$156.11 (Romania) and that lost productivity averaged from US$73.84 to US$2,151.48 (South Africa) per facility visit. Most studies that estimated provider costs of service delivery presented total programmatic costs, and there was variation in interventions, scale, and resource inputs measured which hampered comparability. Variations in methodological assumptions and data availability also made comparisons across countries and settings challenging. The limited scope of studies in measuring the multifaceted impacts of violence highlights the challenges in identifying cost metrics that extend beyond specific violence episodes. Despite the limited evidence base, our assessment leads us to conclude that the estimated costs of violence against women and girls are a fraction of its true economic burden.

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Affordability and Availability of Child Restraints in an Under-Served Population in South Africa

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17061979 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. 1979 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Prasanthi Puvanachandra ◽

Aliasgher Janmohammed ◽

Pumla Mtambeka ◽

Megan Prinsloo ◽

Sebastian Van As ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Injury Death ◽

Middle Income ◽

Suitable Alternative ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Restraint Use ◽

Child Restraint

Background: Child road traffic injuries are a major global public health problem and the issue is particularly burdensome in middle-income countries such as South Africa where injury death rates are 41 per 100,000 for under 5′s and 24.5 per 100,000 for 5–14-year-old. Despite their known effectiveness in reducing injuries amongst children, the rates of use of child restraint systems (CRS) remains low in South Africa. Little is known about barriers to child restraint use especially in low- and middle-income countries. Methods: We carried out observation studies and parent/carer surveys in 7 suburbs of Cape Town over a three month period to assess usage rates and explore the knowledge and perceptions of parents towards child restraint legislation, ownership and cost; Results: Only 7.8% of child passengers were observed to be properly restrained in a CRS with driver seatbelt use and single child occupancy being associated with higher child restraint use. 92% of survey respondents claimed to have knowledge of current child restraint legislation, however, only 32% of those parents/carers were able to correctly identify the age requirements and penalty. Reasons given for not owning a child seat included high cost and the belief that seatbelts were a suitable alternative. Conclusions: These findings indicate the need for a tighter legislation with an increased fine paired with enhanced enforcement of both adult seatbelt and child restraint use. The provision of low-cost/subsidised CRS or borrowing schemes and targeted social marketing through online fora, well baby clinics, early learning centres would be beneficial in increasing ownership and use of CRS.

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The Political Economy of Modern South Africa. By Alf Stadler. New York: St. Martin's, 1987. 197p. $35.00.

American Political Science Review ◽

10.2307/1962459 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 83 (2) ◽

pp. 677-677

Author(s):

Alexander Arthur

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

New York ◽

Political Economy ◽

The Political

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