How Does Punishment Affect Reintegration of Former Offenders? Evidence from Iraq

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara Redlich Revkin ◽  
Kristen Kao
Keyword(s):  
Former Offenders

Thinking about offender social reintegration: A case study of one NGO programme in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 002087282096742
Author(s):  
Emmison Muleya
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
The Body ◽  
Eastern Cape Province ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Social Reintegration ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Former Offenders ◽  
Offender Reintegration

Successful social reintegration is critical if we are to reduce recidivism and crime in general. This voice of people article presents a background case for why effective offender reintegration services are key in South Africa, and the Eastern Cape in particular, through an example of the Offender Reintegration programme rendered by the National Institute of Crime Prevention and Reintegration of Offenders (NICRO). Apart from the paucity of literature on offender reintegration, very few voices from people working directly with these former offenders are ever heard. Therefore, this article seeks to address this gap by contributing to the body of knowledge on offender social reintegration.

scholarly journals Exploring County Lines: Criminal Drug Distribution Practices in Scotland

Youth Justice ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 50-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Holligan ◽  
Robert McLean ◽  
Richard McHugh
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Drug Distribution ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Illegal Drug ◽  
Criminal Enterprise ◽  
Former Offenders ◽  
Drug Traffic ◽  
New Strategies ◽  
Vulnerable Persons ◽  
Contemporary Britain

The concept of ‘County Lines’ denotes an exploitative type of illegal drug distribution and dealing criminal enterprise that is indicative of the development of new strategies to underpin criminal markets in Britain. It is a growing phenomenon characterizing the evolution and working of drug distribution networks in contemporary Britain which often establish ‘nests’ in the homes of vulnerable persons domiciled within drug traffic hubs. This article draws upon qualitative data generated from interviews with active and former offenders and members of intervention agencies in order to understand more about the denizens of this embryonic criminal world.

scholarly journals The stigma of a criminal record in the labour market in Spain: An experimental study

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-29
Author(s):  
Marti Rovira
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Criminal Record ◽  
Former Offenders ◽  
Job Offers ◽  
Low Levels

The aim of this research is to determine whether the stigma of a criminal record should be considered in understanding the precarious conditions of individuals with convictions in the Spanish labour market. Previous studies have been unable to separate this effect from other explanations such as low levels of education or the breakdown of networks resulting from the conviction. Following Pager (2007), this study adopts the experimental methodology of the audit tests, in which matched fictitious curricula vitae, differing only in the mention of a conviction, are sent to real job offers, to verify whether there is a difference in the number of responses to each CV. The results show that skilled former offenders are discriminated in the Spanish labour market as a result of the stigma of a criminal record.

scholarly journals From ‘nothing works’ to ‘post-truth’: The rise and fall of evidence in British probation

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Raynor
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Organisational Culture ◽  
The Political ◽  
Science Methods ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Social Science Methods ◽  
Former Offenders ◽  
Risk Need Responsivity ◽  
Evaluative Research

Since its origins over half a century ago, evaluative research on probation services has swung between optimism and pessimism. This article, based largely on England and Wales, describes and reviews the long journey from over-optimism, via ‘nothing works’ in the 1970s, to programmes based on Risk-Need-Responsivity principles, introduced on a large scale from the late 1990s but limited in their impact owing largely to problems in implementation. After this, evaluation researchers developed greater interest in implementation, in organisational culture and, in particular, in practitioners’ skills. In the process, researchers have developed a better understanding of the necessary social science methods for evaluation and have begun to learn from new sources such as desisting former offenders. In the meantime, in spite of encouraging research, the political context in some countries has become hostile, and research has to survive in a new context of ‘post-truth’ and politically motivated denigration of expertise.

The Role of Type of Offense and Work Qualifications on Perceived Employability of Former Offenders

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica A. Cerda ◽  
Douglas M. Stenstrom ◽  
Mathew Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Employability ◽  
Former Offenders

Begging for Crime? The Effect of State Laws Restricting Access to Temporary Assistance for Needy Families on Unsuccessful Completion of Parole

2021 ◽  
pp. 001112872110399
Author(s):  
Tracy Sohoni ◽  
Sylwia Piatkowska
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
State Laws ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Former Offenders ◽  
Temporary Assistance

Transitioning from prison to the community can pose significant hardships as returning individuals seek to support themselves while searching for work and housing. Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) is one potential service that can help ease this transition, however, in numerous states TANF is not available to many former offenders. We conduct a fixed effects analysis on laws banning TANF assistance and state rates of unsuccessful parole completion between 1994 and 2016. We find that states that imposed restrictions on TANF saw an increase in state rates of unsuccessful parole completion. Furthermore, we find no significant difference between full bans and partial bans of TANF, indicating that even partial bans may undermine efforts to successfully reintegrate former offenders.

Lethal Rejection

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jospeter M. Mbuba
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implications ◽  
Prison Inmates ◽  
Successful Completion ◽  
Offense Type ◽  
Prison Term ◽  
Ethnographic Interviews ◽  
Former Offenders ◽  
Latent Effects ◽  
Release From Prison

The significance of successful completion of a prison term and the eventual release from prison is that it marks not only the end of incarceration, but also the beginning of a second cycle of societal retribution, which inevitably comes, regardless of whether the former offender is reformed or not. The extent of retribution in the second cycle depends upon the offense type and is more pronounced if the offense was a felony, and particularly so if it was sexually-motivated. This study draws from intensive ethnographic interviews with former prison inmates with the aim of estimating the effect of incarceration on their lives while in prison and after release. The study reveals manifest and latent effects of incarceration and finds that further retribution continues upon release when society takes over with vindictiveness that follows the former offenders almost forever. The main policy implications of long-term imprisonment are made, and areas of further research suggested.

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