Speed of Navigation vis-a-vis Quality of Innovation as Sources of Progression towards Steady State Equilibrium: Insights and Inferences

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oghenovo A. Obrimah
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
State Equilibrium

scholarly journals A Head Formulation for the Steady-State Analysis of Water Distribution Systems Using an Explicit and Exact Expression of the Colebrook–White Equation

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1163
Author(s):  
Mengning Qiu ◽  
Avi Ostfeld
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Solution Method ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Exact Expression ◽  
Contamination Source

Steady-state demand-driven water distribution system (WDS) solution is the bedrock for much research conducted in the field related to WDSs. WDSs are modeled using the Darcy–Weisbach equation with the Swamee–Jain equation. However, the Swamee–Jain equation approximates the Colebrook–White equation, errors of which are within 1% for ϵ/D∈[10−6,10−2] and Re∈[5000,108]. A formulation is presented for the solution of WDSs using the Colebrook–White equation. The correctness and efficacy of the head formulation have been demonstrated by applying it to six WDSs with the number of pipes ranges from 454 to 157,044 and the number of nodes ranges from 443 to 150,630. The addition of a physically and fundamentally more accurate WDS solution method can improve the quality of the results achieved in both academic research and industrial application, such as contamination source identification, water hammer analysis, WDS network calibration, sensor placement, and least-cost design and operation of WDSs.

scholarly journals Difficulty in Assessing Quality of Life Outcomes in a Fluctuating Disease: A Hypothesis Based on Gastroparesis

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vic Velanovich
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Preliminary Finding ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Underlying Assumption ◽  
Clinical Encounters ◽  
Idiopathic Gastroparesis ◽  
Clinic Visits

An underlying assumption of quality of life outcome research is that after some intervention a “steady-state” of quality of life is reached which can be identified as an endpoint, and, hence, the “outcome.” However, in some disease processes, no so such steady-state is reached. The hypothesis presented is that a disease process with a waxing and waning course will make it difficult to determine a quality of life endpoint. After clinical observation, a pilot study of patients with either diabetic or idiopathic gastroparesis with gastric neurostimulation their records were reviewed to identify the number of clinic visits, the number of clinic visits in which the patients were asymptomatic, much improved, improved, no change, worse, or much worse. These changes were defined as “transitions.” A “transition ratio” was calculated by dividing the number of transitions by the number of clinic visits. Preliminary results showed that of 32 patients, the median number of clinic encounters was 8 (1–35), and the median number of transitions 4 (0–22). The average transition ration was . In the case of gastroparesis, over half of all clinical encounters were associated with a transition. The implication of the hypothesis and preliminary finding suggests a difficulty to identify when the symptomatic endpoint was reached. Other methods to assess the effects of treatment in such a disease process are required to fully understand the effects of treatment on quality of life.

Evidence for a nuclear passage of nascent polypeptide-associated complex subunits in yeast

2001 ◽  
Vol 114 (14) ◽  
pp. 2641-2648
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Franke ◽  
Barbara Reimann ◽  
Enno Hartmann ◽  
Matthias Köhler ◽  
Brigitte Wiedmann
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Nuclear Import ◽  
Cell Fractionation ◽  
Active Process ◽  
Ribosomal Subunits ◽  
State Equilibrium ◽  
Nascent Polypeptide ◽  
Ribosome Binding

The nascent polypeptide-associated complex (NAC) has been found quantitatively associated with ribosomes in the cytosol by means of cell fractionation or fluorescence microscopy. There have been reports, however, that single NAC subunits may be involved in transcriptional regulation. We reasoned that the cytosolic location might only reflect a steady state equilibrium and therefore investigated the yeast NAC proteins for their ability to enter the nucleus. We found that single subunits of yeast NAC can indeed be transported into the nucleus and that this transport is an active process depending on different nuclear import factors. Translocation into the nucleus was only observed when binding to ribosomes was inhibited. We identified a domain of the ribosome-binding NAC subunit essential for nuclear import via the importin Kap123p/Pse1p-dependent import route. We hypothesize that newly translated NAC proteins travel into the nucleus to bind stoichiometrically to ribosomal subunits and then leave the nucleus together with these subunits to concentrate in the cytosol.

Tuning pi untuk stabilitas kecepatan putaran motor induksi 1 fasa pada mesin penyaring bubur kedelai

JURNAL ELTEK ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Achmad Afandi ◽  
Mila Fauziyah Fauziyah ◽  
Denda Dewatama
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Conventional Method ◽  
Rise Time ◽  
Settling Time ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Pi Method ◽  
Filter Tube ◽  
Manual Methods ◽  
No Innovation

Perusahaan tahu di Indonesia pada umumnya, masih menggunakan cara manual, dalam pembuatannya khususnya pada proses penyaringan bubur kedelai yang membutuhkan waktu yang, lama. Hal tersebut didasarkan pada belum ditemukannya mesin pemeras bubur kedelai. Dewasa ini telah ditemukan inovasi mesin, pemeras bubur kedelai yang bisa meningkatkan kuantitas dan, kualitas produksi dibanding dengan cara manual. Penerapan, teknologinya adalah bubur kedelai diletakkan pada tabung, penyaring kemudian tabung tersebut diputar menggunakan motor, yang dihubungkan melalui fanbelt dan pulley. Ketika motor, diputar, tabung akan ikut berputar sehingga menimbulkan gerak, sentrifugal dimana air kedelai akan terpisah dari ampas. Kecepatan putar motor yang dikontrol adalah 750 rpm dengan, nilai Kp 0,108 , Ki 0,83 sehingga mendapatkan air sari kedelai, sebesar 1,3 liter dengan perbandingan 1 kg kedelai : 1 liter air. Parameter dari penerapan metode PI ini meliputi rise time 4 detik, settling time 4,5 detik, overshoot 0 dan error steady state 2,4%. Dengan penerapan metode PI maka hasil perasan kedelai dari, peyaringan menjadi semakin banyak dan waktu yang dibutuhkan 4 menit lebih singkat dibandingkan dengan cara konvensional.   Tofu companies in Indonesia generally still use manual methods in their manufacture, especially in the soybean slurry screening process which certainly has many disadvantages such as extortion time needed. This was based on the fact that there was no innovation in the soybean pulp squeezer. Currently, it has been found that innovations of soybean slurry machines can increase the quantity and quality of production compared to manual methods. The application of the technology is soybean slurry placed on the filter tube then the tube is rotated using a motor connected with fanbelt and pulley. When the motor is rotated, the tube will rotate, causing centrifugal motion where the soybean water will separate from the pulp. The speed of the motor controlled in 750 rpm with the Kp 0,108, Ki 0,83, to get soybean essence up to 1,3 liter within comparison 1 kg soybean : 1 liter water. The parameter PI method including rise time 4 second, settling time 4,5 second, overshoot 0 and error steady state 2,4%. By applying PI method, the result of filtering is 4 minute faster comparing with conventional method.

scholarly journals THE RICH AND THE POOR IN A SIMPLE MODEL OF GROWTH AND DISTRIBUTION

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934-1952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirill Borissov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Simple Model ◽  
Disposable Income ◽  
State Equilibrium ◽  
Positional Concerns ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Intertemporal Equilibrium ◽  
Unique Steady State

We consider a model of economic growth with altruistic agents who care about their consumption and the disposable income of their offspring. The agents' consumption and the offspring's disposable income are subject to positional concerns. We show that, if the measure of consumption-related positional concerns is sufficiently low and/or the measure of offspring-related positional concerns is sufficiently high, then there is a unique steady-state equilibrium, which is characterized by perfect income and wealth equality, and all intertemporal equilibira converge to it. Otherwise, in steady-state equilibria, the population splits into two classes, the rich and the poor; under this scenario, in any intertemporal equilibrium, all capital is eventually owned by the households that were the wealthiest from the outset and all other households become poor.

scholarly journals Improving the quality of alumina-containing sinter using water-cooled furnace shell

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-286
Author(s):  
A.V. Aleksandrov ◽  
V.V. Aleksandrov
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Heat Exchange ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Thermal Processes ◽  
Technical Solutions

This article deals with the use of computer modeling to develop technical solutions to ensure better quality of alumina-containing sinter. The simulation accounted for the influence of the feed materials on the thermal processes in the furnace. The energy balance (including thermal conductivity, heat convection and radiant heat exchange) was solved assuming steady state. A good correlation was observed for the actual and calculated temperatures of the solids and gases, with less than 15% discrepancy. Using the model of the furnace investigated the possibility of lowering the temperature of sintering by removing heat from the outside of the furnace shell. To reduce the sintering temperature to 1000 ?C length of the refractory lined steel is 5 m, the height of the lining should not exceed - 0.06 m, the required rate of cold water - 54.7 m3/h

scholarly journals Granulocytopoiesis. II. Emergence and Pattern of Labeling of Neutrophilic Granulocytes in Humans

Blood ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 683-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. FLIEDNER ◽  
E. P. CRONKITE ◽  
S. Å. KILLMANN ◽  
V. P. BOND
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Neutrophilic Granulocytes ◽  
Constant Input ◽  
State Equilibrium ◽  
Nuclear Maturation ◽  
Myelocytic Leukemia ◽  
Sample Interval ◽  
Cytoplasmic Maturation

Abstract 1. Following administration of H3-thymidine to 15 patients with a variety of hemopoietic conditions, the emergence and the pattern of labeling of neutrophilic granulocytes were studied in peripheral blood leukocytic concentrates. The hematologic diagnosis included five in which the hemopoiesis appeared to be in a steady state equilibrium at the time of study, three with various types of leukemia, one with lymphosarcoma, two with multiple myeloma, one with myelofibrosis, two with pernicious anemia (once before and once after therapy) and two with bacterial infections. 2. The emergence time of neutrophilic segmented granulocytes (time from H3-thymidine injection to the first appearance of labeled segmented forms in the peripheral blood) was found to vary in steady state equilibrium from 96 to 144 hours. It was shortened to 48 hours in two instances with bacterial infection. This was interpreted as indicating a faster than normal nuclear maturation with normal or delayed cytoplasmic maturation (dissociation in nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation). 3. The number of segments of neutrophilic granulocytes was found to be unrelated to cell age as had been hypothesized by Arneth many years ago. However, bandforms were found in the circulation about 24 hours earlier than segmented forms, suggesting that they are younger and that some are acceptable to the blood while others continue to mature to segmented forms. Pelgeroid cells with round or bilobed nuclei found in one case of subleukemic myelocytic leukemia were found to emerge simultaneously 132 hours after H3-thymidine injection. This suggests that both types are identical in their degree of maturation. Thus the cells with round nuclei are not band forms but result possibly from a delayed nuclear maturation. 4. In patients studied for at least 2 weeks, characteristic undulations of the labeling indices of the segmented granulocytes were found. If the sampling intervals were 24 hours, peaks were found 6 days apart, the second peak being about half of the labeling index of the first. If the sample interval was shorter, a finer structure was observed with undulations showing peak intervals of 2-3 days. Although the significance is obscure at present, the constancy of the findings suggest that there may be a constant input of cells with the index of labeling varying due to some synchrony of the precursor population(s). Alternative explanations are discussed.

FEM Simulation of Copper Busbar Pressing on the Continuous Extrusion Line "CONFORM"

2018 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 547-551
Author(s):  
Georgy V. Shimov ◽  
Aleksandr Bogatov ◽  
D. Kovin
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Deformation Zone ◽  
Metal Flow ◽  
Fem Simulation ◽  
Continuous Extrusion ◽  
3D Package ◽  
Deform 3D

Simulation using the DEFORM-3D package of the steady-state pressing mode of a copper busbar on the continuous extrusion line "Conform" was carried out. The nature of the metal flow in the deformation zone was studied. An analysis of the velocities of the metal flow in the prechamber was performed. It was shown that in the channel of the wheel there is pressing out, which negatively affects the quality of the finished busbars and can lead to such defects as "lamination".

Enhancement of Diffusion Due to Irradiation

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Schule
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Point Defects ◽  
Aluminium Alloys ◽  
Annealed Specimen ◽  
Fast Neutrons ◽  
State Equilibrium

It is shown that in α-copper-aluminium alloys interstitials are able to change sites with the copper and aluminium atoms by diffusion. The activation energy for migration of interstitials could be determined to be 0.82 eV. In a well annealed specimen the interstitials and vacancies annihilate nearly exclusively by pair recombination. The production rate of free interstitials is found to be slightly larger than that of free vacancies during an irradiation with fast neutrons. The excess interstitials, which are supposed to originate from depleted zones, form clusters acting as sinks, at which essentially interstitials anneal out. Due to these sinks another steady state equilibrium („fixed vacancy case“) among point defects and sinks is achieved by repeated irradiations.

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