R&D Investment and Pre-Committed Payouts: An Empirical Analysis Using the R&D Investment-Incentivizing Tax Reform as a Natural Experiment

AbstractProspects for democracy in multi-ethnic societies are generally more promising if elections are not mere ethnic censuses, in which people vote predominantly for co-ethnic parties and candidates. But what institutions facilitate or hinder ethnic voting? Unlike past studies, this article explores ethnic voting by conducting a natural experiment (rather than surveys or laboratory experiments). It examines the case of Fribourg, a bilingual (French/German) Swiss canton where elections at different levels of government, within the same electoral district, are held under both majoritarian and proportional systems. Coupled with the high territorial homogeneity of the linguistic groups, this unique setting allows us to conduct a robust empirical analysis of voter behaviour. We find that cross-ethnic voting is significantly more frequent in multi-member majoritarian elections than in list-PR elections or in two-member majoritarian elections. Our results yield qualified support to the centripetalist approach to electoral design in multi-ethnic societies, that favours majoritarian systems, rather than to the consociational school that advocates proportional representation.

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Technology imports, product exports and firms’ R&D investment: an empirical analysis of firms in the Chinese high technology sector

Prometheus ◽

10.1080/08109028.2012.698897 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 179-198

Author(s):

Cindy Millman ◽

Zhengwei Li ◽

Renyong Chi

Keyword(s):

Empirical Analysis ◽

High Technology ◽

Technology Sector ◽

D Investment ◽

High Technology Sector

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E-commerce Industry’s R&D, Market Operating and Performance: Based on Worldwide Listed Companies’ Empirical Analysis

International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning ◽

10.18280/ijsdp.150815 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (8) ◽

pp. 1285-1296

Author(s):

Lin Ding ◽

Wenjun Liu ◽

Cuibo Wang

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Regression ◽

Empirical Analysis ◽

Marginal Utility ◽

Listed Companies ◽

Analysis Approach ◽

Bric Countries ◽

And Performance ◽

D Investment

Based on the characteristics of the e-commerce industry, this paper proposes the conception of operating intensity and explores the relationships between R&D intensity, operating intensity and firms’ performance. Multiple regression analysis approach is adopted based on the unbalanced panel dataset of global e-commerce listed companies in 49 countries in 2001-2015. Our findings suggest that suitable R&D intensity contributes positively to e-commerce firms’ performance, and with a lag. Operating intensity contributes an inverted U shape to e-commerce firms’ performance. We also find that interaction between R&D and operating intensity’s effects on firms’ performance is positively significant in global samples. In Group 7 sample, R&D intensity contributes positively to e-commerce firms’ performance, but BRICS sample’s is negative. Operating intensity contributes positively to firms’ performance both in Group 7 sample and BRICS sample. Marginal utility of operating intensity on firms’ performance in Group 7 sample is bigger than in BRICS. The results imply that R&D investment of e-commerce listed companies in BRIC countries has not converted to benefit, however it drags down the firms’ performance.

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