scholarly journals Early Life Stress Predicts Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Mediating Role of Perceived Stress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian H. Gotlib ◽  
Lauren R. Borchers ◽  
Rajpreet Chahal ◽  
Anthony J. Gifuni ◽  
Tiffany Ho
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Mediating Role

scholarly journals Early Life Stress Predicts Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Mediating Role of Perceived Stress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Gotlib ◽  
Lauren Borchers ◽  
Rajpreet Chahal ◽  
Anthony Gifuni ◽  
Giana Isabella Teresi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Background Exposure

Background: Exposure to early life stress (ELS) is alarmingly prevalent, and has been linked to the high rates of depression documented in adolescence. Researchers have theorized that ELS may increase adolescents’ vulnerability or reactivity to the effects of subsequent stressors, placing them at higher risk for developing symptoms of depression. Methods: We tested this formulation in a longitudinal study by assessing levels of stress and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in a sample of adolescents from the San Francisco Bay Area (N=100; 43 male; ages 13-20 years) who had been characterized 4-7 years earlier (M=5.27, SD=0.75 years) with respect to exposure to ELS and symptoms of depression. Results: As expected, severity of ELS predicted levels of depressive symptoms during the pandemic (r(98)=0.25, p=.012), which were higher in females than in males (t(98)=-3.36, p=.001). Importantly, the association between ELS and depression was mediated by adolescents’ reported levels of stress, even after controlling for demographic and other COVID-19-related variables. Conclusions: These findings underscore the importance of monitoring the mental health of vulnerable children and adolescents during this pandemic and targeting perceived stress and isolation in high-risk youth.

scholarly journals Early Life Stress Predicts Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Mediating Role of Perceived Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian H. Gotlib ◽  
Lauren R. Borchers ◽  
Rajpreet Chahal ◽  
Anthony J. Gifuni ◽  
Giana I. Teresi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Vulnerable Children ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Bay Area

BackgroundExposure to early life stress (ELS) is alarmingly prevalent and has been linked to the high rates of depression documented in adolescence. Researchers have theorized that ELS may increase adolescents’ vulnerability or reactivity to the effects of subsequent stressors, placing them at higher risk for developing symptoms of depression.MethodsWe tested this formulation in a longitudinal study by assessing levels of stress and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in a sample of adolescents from the San Francisco Bay Area (N = 109; 43 male; ages 13–20 years) who had been characterized 3–7 years earlier (M = 5.06, SD = 0.86 years) with respect to exposure to ELS and symptoms of depression.ResultsAs expected, severity of ELS predicted levels of depressive symptoms during the pandemic [r(107) = 0.26, p = 0.006], which were higher in females than in males [t(107) = −3.56, p < 0.001]. Importantly, the association between ELS and depression was mediated by adolescents’ reported levels of stress, even after controlling for demographic variables.ConclusionsThese findings underscore the importance of monitoring the mental health of vulnerable children and adolescents during this pandemic and targeting perceived stress in high-risk youth.

Early-life stress, depressive symptoms, and inflammation: the role of social factors

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Julia S. Nakamura ◽  
Eric S. Kim ◽  
Kelly E. Rentscher ◽  
Julienne E. Bower ◽  
Kate R. Kuhlman
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Stress

scholarly journals Three-way interaction effects of early life stress, positive parenting and FKBP5 in the development of depressive symptoms in a general population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecka Keijser ◽  
Susanne Olofsdotter ◽  
Kent W. Nilsson ◽  
Cecilia Åslund
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Positive Parenting ◽  
Depressive Symptomology ◽  
Patterns Of Interaction

AbstractFKBP5 gene–environment interaction (cG × E) studies have shown diverse results, some indicating significant interaction effects between the gene and environmental stressors on depression, while others lack such results. Moreover, FKBP5 has a potential role in the diathesis stress and differential susceptibility theorem. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether a cG × E interaction effect of FKBP5 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or haplotype and early life stress (ELS) on depressive symptoms among young adults was moderated by a positive parenting style (PASCQpos), through the frameworks of the diathesis stress and differential susceptibility theorem. Data were obtained from the Survey of Adolescent Life in Västmanland Cohort Study, including 1006 participants and their guardians. Data were collected during 2012, when the participants were 13 and 15 years old (Wave I: DNA), 2015, when participants were 16 and 18 years old (Wave II: PASCQpos, depressive symptomology and ELS) and 2018, when participants were 19 and 21 years old (Wave III: depressive symptomology). Significant three-way interactions were found for the FKBP5 SNPs rs1360780, rs4713916, rs7748266 and rs9394309, moderated by ELS and PASCQpos, on depressive symptoms among young adults. Diathesis stress patterns of interaction were observed for the FKBP5 SNPs rs1360780, rs4713916 and rs9394309, and differential susceptibility patterns of interaction were observed for the FKBP5 SNP rs7748266. Findings emphasize the possible role of FKBP5 in the development of depressive symptoms among young adults and contribute to the understanding of possible differential susceptibility effects of FKBP5.

scholarly journals Sexual dimorphic role of the glucocorticoid receptor in chronic muscle pain produced by early-life stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 174480692110113
Author(s):  
Paul G Green ◽  
Pedro Alvarez ◽  
Jon D Levine
Keyword(s):  
Glucocorticoid Receptor ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Glucocorticoid Receptors ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Nociceptive Threshold ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mechanical Nociceptive Threshold

Fibromyalgia and other chronic musculoskeletal pain syndromes are associated with stressful early life events, which can produce a persistent dysregulation in the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) stress axis function, associated with elevated plasm levels of corticosterone in adults. To determine the contribution of the HPA axis to persistent muscle hyperalgesia in adult rats that had experienced neonatal limited bedding (NLB), a form of early-life stress, we evaluated the role of glucocorticoid receptors on muscle nociceptors in adult NLB rats. In adult male and female NLB rats, mechanical nociceptive threshold in skeletal muscle was significantly lower than in adult control (neonatal standard bedding) rats. Furthermore, adult males and females that received exogenous corticosterone (via dams’ milk) during postnatal days 2–9, displayed a similar lowered mechanical nociceptive threshold. To test the hypothesis that persistent glucocorticoid receptor signaling in the adult contributes to muscle hyperalgesia in NLB rats, nociceptor expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) was attenuated by spinal intrathecal administration of an oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) antisense to GR mRNA. In adult NLB rats, GR antisense markedly attenuated muscle hyperalgesia in males, but not in females. These findings indicate that increased corticosterone levels during a critical developmental period (postnatal days 2–9) produced by NLB stress induces chronic mechanical hyperalgesia in male and female rats that persists in adulthood, and that this chronic muscle hyperalgesia is mediated, at least in part, by persistent stimulation of glucocorticoid receptors on sensory neurons, in the adult male, but not female rat.

The Role of Early Life Stress in HPA Axis and Anxiety

2020 ◽  
pp. 141-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario F. Juruena ◽  
Filip Eror ◽  
Anthony J. Cleare ◽  
Allan H. Young
Keyword(s):  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Stress
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