scholarly journals On Covid-19: New Implications of Job Task Requirements and Spouse's Occupational Sorting

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warn N. Lekfuangfu ◽  
Suphanit Piyapromdee ◽  
Ponpoje Porapakkarm ◽  
Nada Wasi
Keyword(s):  
Task Requirements ◽  
Occupational Sorting ◽  
Job Task

scholarly journals Putting Tasks to the Test: The Case of Germany

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 122-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Rohrbach-Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Wage Differences ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Task Requirements ◽  
Routine Tasks ◽  
Occupational Specificity ◽  
Manual Tasks ◽  
Task Content ◽  
Job Task

The demand for skills has changed throughout recent decades, favouring high-skilled workers that perform abstract, problem-solving tasks. At the same time, research shows that occupation-specific skills are beneficial for labour market success. This article explores (1) how education, workplace characteristics and occupations shape job task requirements, (2) how within-occupation job task content relates to wages, and (3) whether these relationships vary across types of tasks due to their presumably varying degrees of occupational specificity. Using worker-level data from Germany from 2011–2012 the article shows that a large part of task content is determined by occupations, but that task requirements also differ systematically within occupations with workers’ educational levels and workplace characteristics. Moreover, differences in task usage within occupations are robust predictors of wage differences between workers. Finally, the results suggest that non-routine manual tasks have a higher occupational specificity than abstract and routine tasks, and that manually skilled workers can generate positive returns on their skills in their specific fields of activity.

Single-Family Energy Auditor Job Task Analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather R. Head ◽  
Charles W. Kurnik
Keyword(s):  
Task Analysis ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Job Task

Lying and perception of lies by bilingual speakers

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (05) ◽  
pp. 1313-1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora Kreyßig ◽  
Agnieszka Ewa Krautz
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Reading Aloud ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Bilingual Speakers ◽  
Skin Conductance Responses ◽  
English Second Language ◽  
Task Requirements

AbstractMultiple studies on bilingualism and emotions have demonstrated that a native language carries greater emotional valence than the second language. This distinction appears to have consequences for other types of behavior, including lying. As bilingual lying has not been explored extensively, the current study investigated the psychophysiological differences between German (native language) and English (second language) in the lying process as well as in the perception of lies. The skin conductance responses of 26 bilinguals were measured during reading aloud true and false statements and listening to recorded correct and wrong assertions. The analysis revealed a lie effect, that is, statistically significant differences between valid and fictitious sentences. In addition, the values in German were higher compared to those in English, in accordance with the blunted emotional response account (Caldwell-Harris & Aycicegi-Dinn, 2009). Finally, the skin conductance responses were lower in the listening condition in comparison to the reading aloud. The results, however, are treated with caution given the fact that skin conductance monitoring does not allow assigning heightened reactivity of the skin to one exclusive cause. The responses may have been equally induced by the content of the statements, which prompted positive or negative associations in the participants’ minds or by the specific task requirements.

scholarly journals When Figurative Language Goes off the Rails and under the Bus: Fluid Intelligence, Openness to Experience, and the Production of Poor Metaphors

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Paul J. Silvia ◽  
Roger E. Beaty
Keyword(s):  
Figurative Language ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Complex Form ◽  
Semantic Distance ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Creative Thought ◽  
Basic Task ◽  
Task Requirements ◽  
Dead Metaphor ◽  
Metaphor Production

The present research examined the varieties of poor metaphors to gain insight into the cognitive processes involved in generating creative ones. Drawing upon data from two published studies as well as a new sample, adults’ open-ended responses to different metaphor prompts were categorized. Poor metaphors fell into two broad clusters. Non-metaphors—responses that failed to meet the basic task requirements—consisted of “adjective slips” (describing the topic adjectivally instead of figuratively), “wayward attributes” (attributing the wrong property to the topic), and “off-topic idioms” (describing the wrong topic). Bad metaphors—real metaphors that were unanimously judged as uncreative—consisted of “exemplary exemplars” (vehicles that lacked semantic distance and thus seemed trite) and “retrieved clichés” (pulling a dead metaphor from memory). Overall, people higher in fluid intelligence (Gf) were more likely to generate a real metaphor, and their metaphor was less likely to be a bad one. People higher in Openness to Experience, in contrast, were more likely to generate real metaphors but not more or less likely to generate bad ones. Scraping the bottom of the response barrel suggests that creative metaphor production is a particularly complex form of creative thought.

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