Climate Impacts on Soil Structure and its Impacts on Agriculture Production in the World

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naushad Khan ◽  
Mahnoor Naushad ◽  
Shah Fahad
Keyword(s):  
Soil Structure ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
The World

scholarly journals The Three Horses of Sustainability—Population, Affluence and Technology

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David O. Obura
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Societal Impact ◽  
Family Organization ◽  
The World ◽  
Individual Family ◽  
Reduction Coefficient ◽  
Individual Actor ◽  
Total Impact ◽  
Ipat Equation

The IPAT equation provides a simple but powerful model for understanding sustainability, particularly from the challenge posed by the Anthropocene—how to reduce personal or societal impact. Impact is calculated by multiplying population, affluence and technology, and a ‘reduction coefficient’ e is used to explore targeted reductions in impact of different entities to cap total (summed) impact. The model offers two solutions. First, that all three factors are essential in determining total impact; a focus on just one or two is not justifiable without credibly addressing the other(s). Second, by presenting reduction of impact as a proportion of current activity, the solution becomes accessible to an individual actor (e.g., an individual, family, organization, or country). Application of the model is illustrated based on household weekly food consumption from cultures around the world. The model helps unify a) disparate perspectives on population, affluence and technology, which currently oppose one another from a basis of belief or dogma, and b) different sectors (e.g., food production, energy, climate impacts and others), as well as actors, so they can jointly identify strategies to resolve their contributions to approaching larger scale sustainability.

Determination of Parameter in SYS Cam-Clay Model of Ultra-Soft Clay

2015 ◽  
Vol 744-746 ◽  
pp. 470-473
Author(s):  
Bin Bin Xu ◽  
Toshihiro Noda
Keyword(s):  
Constitutive Model ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Plastic Model ◽  
Clay Model ◽  
The World ◽  
Practical Engineering ◽  
Cam Clay

Parameter analyses in the constitutive model determine the precision of numerical results. Cam-clay model is the first elasto-plastic model in the world and widely used in the practical engineering. SYS Cam-clay model is proposed based on Cam-clay model by incorporating the concept of overconsolidation, soil structure and anisotropy. There are two groups of parameters in this model, elasto-plastic parameters that are exactly same as those in Cam-clay model and evolutional parameters that decide the variation of overconsolidation, soil structure and anisotropy. The detailed process to determine the parameters is introduced step by step.

scholarly journals "Beneficial microorganisms for sustainable agriculture"

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vadakattu VSR Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Streptomyces Species ◽  
Beneficial Microorganisms ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Agriculture ◽  
Major Nutrients ◽  
Inorganic Fertilisers

Global agriculture has to double food production by 2050 in order to feed the world?s growing population and at the same time reduce its reliance on inorganic fertilisers and pesticides. To achieve this goal, there is an urgent need to harness the multiple beneficial interactions that occur between plants and microorganisms. The beneficial influences of microorganisms on plant growth include nitrogen fixation, acquisition and uptake of major nutrients, promotion of shoot and root growth, disease control or suppression and improved soil structure. Some of the commonly promoted and used beneficial microorganisms in agriculture worldwide include Rhizobia, Mycorrhizae, Azospirillum, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Trichoderma, Streptomyces species and many more. Unravelling the biota black box using modern molecular methods is helping to find new suites of beneficial microorganisms that can help improve agricultural production worldwide.

Development of CAD/CAE Software System for Raw-Soil Structure

2011 ◽  
Vol 201-203 ◽  
pp. 157-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Hao Zhou ◽  
Jia Hu ◽  
Qi Lin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Data Structure ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Ecological Functions ◽  
The People ◽  
Soil Structures ◽  
The World ◽  
Object Arx ◽  
Adequate Research

With the good ecological functions, the raw-soil structures attract attention of the people all over the world recently. According to surveys, more than 30 million farmers in China still choose to build their house using raw-soil. Since the advent of CAD/CAE techology, it became easier for engineers to design better buildings. However, for lack of adequate research on raw-soil structure, existing domestic and oversea softwares are incapable of solving the detailing work of this structure. In this paper, characteristics of the raw-soil structure and software function requirements are analyzed; the framework, data structure kernel are designed for a specialized detailing CAD information system based on BIM (Bulidgin Information Modeling). Finally the raw-soil software is developed with Object ARX technology and AutoCAD graphics platform, and an example is introduced to show the main functions.

Large Scale Earthquake Analysis of Integrated Subsea Facilities

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Hesar
Keyword(s):  
Soil Structure ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Time History ◽  
Tree Structures ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Codes Of Practice ◽  
Damping Characteristics ◽  
Hysteretic Damping ◽  
The World ◽  
Critical Components

Subsea facilities located in earthquake-prone regions of the world can be subjected to severe excitation and have to be designed in a two-tier manner against both ELE and ALE level earthquakes. The return period of these earthquake levels can be 100–300 years and greater than 1000 years, respectively. These facilities may typically consist of rigid pipelines, sliding PLET structures on skirted or hybrid mudmat foundations, connected via rigid spools or jumpers to manifolds on suction pile foundations, with flexible flowlines hanging off goosenecks. In recent practice Subsea 7 have developed a novel methodology for modelling and simulating the seismic response of such complex clusters in which the so called “system effects” are intractable and dominate the response of certain critical components. Chief amongst the latter are rigid spools and jumpers that span large distances between PLEM, PLET and X-Tree structures without touching the seabed. In the nonlinear implicit direct integration dynamic FE analyses in Abaqus each of the cluster models in a project is subjected to time history accelerations of seven representative earthquakes, as per ISO 19901-2 requirements. Hysteretic damping characteristics of soil-structure interfaces are modelled with special kinematically hardening elements, calibrated to the site-specific seabed geotechnical properties. Specially developed post processing scripts are used to automatically extract the vital information from the large amount of data produced and perform the unity checks of various components to their respective codes of practice.

Rising emissions worsen global disaster risks

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Extreme Heat Events ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentrations ◽  
Weather And Climate ◽  
The World ◽  
Air Pollution Impacts ◽  
Pollution Impacts ◽  
Climate Events

Subject Climate and disaster risk. Significance Carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere rose to record levels in May, while last year was the fourth-warmest on record, averaging 1 degree above preindustrial levels, according to the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO)’s ‘2018 State of the Global Climate’ report. Some 62 million people were affected by natural hazards in 2018, mostly related to weather and climate events. Flooding affected 35 million people, while drought hit a further 9 million. Exposure to extreme heat events also increased, with only a few parts of the world seeing below-average temperatures. Impacts Increased wildfire risks, from rising temperatures and changing precipitation patterns, will exacerbate air pollution impacts. Climate impacts will create ‘secondary’ refugee displacement, affecting groups such as the Rohingya refugees in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. Tropical cyclones, such as those that recently hit Mozambique and India, will be intensified by warming waters increasing disaster risks.

Effect of Climate Change on the Manufacturing Sector

2021 ◽  
pp. 463-476
Author(s):  
Zwelihle Wiseman Nzuza
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Management Training ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Severe Weather ◽  
Training And Education ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The World

The challenge of climate change in the world has hitherto perplexed scholars and professionals, with reports of climate change not sparing the manufacturing sector. All countries are most vulnerable to this threat and will suffer greatly if no action is taken. In the 21st century, scientists have confirmed with great concern the severe weather conditions that are expected to become harsher. The aim of the chapter is to explore the effect of climate change on the manufacturing sector. Literature has been used as a source of secondary data. The effect of climate is examined from five major business strategic positions: productivity, business risk, goods and services, chemicals and minerals, natural resources, and buildings. The chapter also covers the need for manufactures to adapt to climate change with various possible actions that can be taken by the sector against climate impacts on business. Continuous staff and management training and education on climate change is recommended.

Find Better Ways to Pay for Resilience

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-97
Author(s):  
Hill and
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Carbon Taxes ◽  
Value Capture ◽  
Catastrophe Bonds ◽  
The World

Even for the largest economy in the world, ever-larger climate bailouts are not a responsible solution to confronting present and future climate impacts. Governments everywhere, including in the United States, will have to raise unprecedented amounts of money to cope with the impacts of climate change. This chapter examines how communities can raise the money needed, and how can they do so while keeping the financial strain as low as possible. It highlights some traditional solutions, such as taxes, borrowing, and buying reinsurance, alongside newer ideas, such as setting up special reserve funds, using value capture, raising funds from carbon taxes and cap-and-trade mechanisms, and issuing green and catastrophe bonds.

scholarly journals Environmental Geopolitics of Climate Engineering Proposals in the IPCC 5th Assessment Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon O'Lear ◽  
Madisen K. Hane ◽  
Abigail P. Neal ◽  
Lauren Louise M. Stallings ◽  
Sierra Wadood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Scale ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Change Processes ◽  
Climate Engineering ◽  
Geographical Knowledge ◽  
Assessment Report ◽  
Environmental Interactions ◽  
The World ◽  
Spatial Dimensions ◽  
Central Argument

Environmental geopolitics offers an analytical approach that considers how environmental themes are brought into the service of geopolitical agendas. Of particular concern are claims about environment-related security and risk and the justification of actions (or inactions) proposed to deal with those claims. Environmental geopolitical analysis focuses on geographical knowledge and how that knowledge is generated and applied to stabilize specific understandings of the world. Climate engineering is a realm in which certain kinds of geographical knowledge, in the form of scientific interpretations of environmental interactions, are utilized to support a selective agenda that, despite claims about benefiting people and environments on a global scale, may be shown to reinforce uneven relationships of power as well as patterns of injustice. This paper focuses on how the IPCC AR5 discusses and portrays climate engineering. This particular conversation is significant, since the IPCC is widely recognized as reflecting current, international science and understanding of climate change processes and possible responses. We demonstrate an initial, environmental geopolitical analysis of this portrayal and discussion around climate engineering proposals by observing how the role and meaning of environmental features is limited, how human agency and impact in these scenarios is selective, and how insufficient attention is paid to spatial dimensions and impacts of these proposals. This paper contributes to a larger conversation about why it matters how we engage in discussion about climate impacts and issues; a central argument is that it is vital that we consider these proposed plans in terms of what they aim to secure, for whom, how and where.

scholarly journals Cities of the future, visualizing climate change to inspire actions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Francois Bastin ◽  
Emily Clark ◽  
Thomas Elliott ◽  
Simon Hart ◽  
Johan van den Hoogen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Climate Variables ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future

AbstractCombating against climate change requires unified action across all sectors of society. However, this collective action is precluded by the ‘consensus gap’ between scientific knowledge and public opinion. A growing body of evidence suggests that facts do not persuade people to act. Instead, it is visualization - the ability to simulate relatable scenarios - is the most effective approach for motivating behavior change. Here, we exemplify this approach, using current climate projections to enable people to visualize cities of the future, rather than describing intangible climate variables. Analyzing city pairs for 520 major cities of the world, we characterize which cities will most closely resemble the climate conditions of which other major cities by 2050. On average, most cities will resemble cities that are over 1000km south, and 22% of cities will experience climate conditions that are not currently experienced by any existing major cities. We predict that London’s climate in 2050 will resemble Barcelona’s climate today, Madrid will resemble to Marrakesh, Moscow to Sofia, Seattle to San Francisco, Stockholm to Budapest, Tokyo to Changsha, etc. Our approach illustrates how complex climate data can be packaged to provide tangible information. By allowing people to visualize their own climate futures, we hope to empower citizens, policy makers and scientists to visualize expected climate impacts and adapt decision making accordingly.

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