scholarly journals Intermittent Hypoxia Promotes Functional Neuroprotection from Retinal Ischemia in Untreated First-Generation Offspring

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Gidday ◽  
Jessie J. Guidry ◽  
Jarrod C. Harman
Keyword(s):  
Intermittent Hypoxia ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Retinal Ischemia ◽  
Generation Offspring

scholarly journals Intermittent hypoxia promotes functional neuroprotection from retinal ischemia in untreated first-generation offspring

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarrod C. Harman ◽  
Jessie J. Guidry ◽  
Jeffrey M. Gidday
Keyword(s):  
Intermittent Hypoxia ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Retinal Ischemia ◽  
Differentially Expressed Proteins ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Systemic Hypoxia ◽  
F1 Progeny ◽  
Normoxic Control ◽  
Mechanistic Basis ◽  
Generation Offspring

ABSTRACTEnvironmental stimuli can promote short- or long-lasting changes in phenotype through epigenetics. Under certain circumstances, induced phenotypes can be passed through the germline to subsequent generations, providing a novel mechanistic basis for disease heritability. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that repetitively exposing parents to a nonharmful epigenetic stimulus can promote disease resilience in offspring. Male and female mice were mated following brief exposures to mild systemic hypoxia every other day for 16 weeks. Electroretinographic determinations of postischemic function in response to transient unilateral retinal ischemia in their 5-month-old F1 progeny revealed significant resilience to injury relative to animals derived from normoxic control parents. Mass spectrometry identified hundreds of differentially expressed proteins between protected and injured retinae; bioinformatic analyses of the pathways and networks these proteins comprise provided specific mechanistic insights into the molecular manifestation of this injury-resilient phenotype. Thus, epigenetics can modify heritability to promote disease resilience.

scholarly journals Reproductive performance of the Antarctic tardigrades, Acutuncus antarcticus (Eutardigrada: Hypsibiidae), revived after being frozen for over 30 years and of their offspring

2019 ◽  
Vol 188 (3) ◽  
pp. 839-847
Author(s):  
Megumu Tsujimoto ◽  
Hiroshi Kagoshima ◽  
Hiroshi Kanda ◽  
Kenichi Watanabe ◽  
Satoshi Imura
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival ◽  
Genetic Types ◽  
Genetic Sequences ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Generation Offspring

Abstract Studies on the long-term survival of animals often focus on the specific instance of survival of animals only, and descriptions of subsequent reproduction are generally not reported. In this study, we recorded the reproductive performance of the first-generation offspring of the resuscitated individual (SB-1) and the hatchling of the resuscitated egg (SB-3) of the Antarctic tardigrade, Acutuncus antarcticus, after being frozen for 30.5 years. By providing further detailed description of the reproduction of SB-1 and SB-3 after revival, and then comparing the reproductive performance with that of their first-generation offspring, the possible indications of the damage accrued during the long-term preservation in SB-1 and SB-3 were more specifically detected. Additionally, the DNA analysis revealed two distinctively different mitochondrial genetic sequences of A. antarcticus between the SB strains and the LSW strain. The observed differences in some of the reproductive parameters between the two genetic types suggested a possible relationship between the life-history traits and genetic type in the species A. antarcticus. Further experiments using the SB-1 and SB-3 strains reared for a long period to exclude the instant effect of preservation are expected to improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the long-term survival of animals.

Relationship of Body Weight and Physical Activity with Aging Inbred Mice and First Generation Offspring

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S326
Author(s):  
Michael J. Turner ◽  
Elizabeth Grindstaff ◽  
Sean M. Courtney ◽  
Ala'a El Masri ◽  
Steven R. Kleeberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Inbred Mice ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Generation Offspring

scholarly journals Minireview: Transgenerational Inheritance of the Stress Response: A New Frontier in Stress Research

Endocrinology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen G. Matthews ◽  
David I. W. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Stress Axis ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Transgenerational Inheritance ◽  
Transgenerational Transmission ◽  
New Frontier ◽  
Stress Responsiveness ◽  
Generation Offspring

Abstract It is well established in animal models that the prenatal environment can have a major impact on stress axis function throughout life. These changes can predispose to various metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurobiological pathophysiologies. Emerging evidence indicates that the same programming effects occur in humans. It is now becoming clear that the pathophysiological effects are not confined to the first-generation offspring and that there is transgenerational memory of fetal experience that can extend across multiple generations. The complex mechanisms by which transgenerational transmission of stress responsiveness occur are rapidly becoming a focus of investigation. Understanding these fundamental biological processes will allow for development of intervention strategies that prevent or reverse adverse programming of the stress response.

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