(Cem anos de crédito externo da República) Portugal's Foreign Credit Since the 1920s

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Braga de Macedo
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Credit

scholarly journals The Influence of Waqf Distribution and Promotion on Community Trust (Case Study: Tabung Wakaf Indonesia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Dina Yustisi Yurista ◽  
Mohammad Noviani Ardi
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Public Trust ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Community Trust ◽  
Foreign Credit

Waqf is a potential source of funds to overcome social problems, but most poverty reduction programmes rely on foreign credit, especially from the World Bank. In this case, the development of a waqf by a nadzir can be an alternative source of funding in the general economic empowerment, which is supported by society�s trust in waqf institutions. Therefore, this study is conducted to identify the factors that determine public trust and to examine the influence of waqf distribution and promotion on society trust in waqf funds managed by Tabung Wakaf Indonesia. This paper used quantitative methods and utilized primary data through direct surveys with questionnaires were collected and analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The findings reveal that promotion and distribution have significant relationships with society trust. In addition, this study indicates that distribution has the greater impact than promotion on influencing society trust in waqf management. The findings nevertheless give a wide understanding of the concept of public trust and its antecedent in the context of Tabung Wakaf Indonesia.

Comparative and International Political Economy and the Global Financial Crisis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Johnston
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
International Political Economy ◽  
Debt Crisis ◽  
European Debt Crisis ◽  
Foreign Credit

The 2008 Global Financial Crisis (GFC) and subsequent European Debt Crisis had wide-sweeping consequences for global economic and political stability. Yet while these twin crises have prompted soul searching within the economics profession, international political economy (IPE) has been relatively ineffective in accounting for variation in crisis exposure across the developed world. The GFC and European Debt Crisis present the opportunity to link IPE and comparative political economy (CPE) together in the study of international economic and financial turmoil. While the GFC was prompted by the inter-connectedness of global financial markets, its instigators were largely domestic in nature and were reflective of negative externalities that stemmed from unsustainable national policies, especially those related to financial regulation and household debt accumulation. Many in IPE take an “outward looking in” approach to the examination of international economic developments and domestic politics; analysis rests on how the former impacts the latter. The GFC and European Debt Crisis, however, demonstrate the importance of a (CPE-based) “inward looking out” approach, analyzing how unique policy and political features (and failures) of individual nation states can unleash economic and financial instability at the global level amidst deepened economic and financial integration. IPE not only needs to grant greater attention to variation in domestic politics and policies in a time of closely integrated financial markets, but also should acknowledge the impact of a wider array of actors beyond banks and financial institutions (specifically more domestically rooted actors like households) on cross-national variation in the consumption of foreign credit.

Financial Development in Peru Under Agrarian Export Influence, 1884-1950

1991 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso W. Quiroz
Keyword(s):  
Financial Development ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Export Sector ◽  
Production Improvement ◽  
Foreign Credit ◽  
The Impact

In the study of Latin America's economic history, discussion of the role of the export sector in promoting development has entered a provocative new stage. Recently, advances in the understanding of export economies have questioned the view that export orientation is the principal cause of underdevelopment and dependence. New studies have demonstrated the impact of export growth on the increasingly efficient use of domestic factors of production improvement of transportation networks, urban and industrial diversification, and active state intervention accompanied by the rising political influence of middle and labor sectors. Yet despite the perceived importance of domestic and foreign credit during the heyday of export-led growth, and the often underestimated but crucial native struggle to control and direct Latin American financial structures, few of those works have analyzed the crucial links between the economic structure and native financial development.

Electoral Rules, Interest Group Pressures, and the Price of Democratic Default

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 987-1000
Author(s):  
Brendan J Connell
Keyword(s):  
Sovereign Debt ◽  
Electoral Systems ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
The Political ◽  
Electoral Rules ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Political Incentives ◽  
International Commitments ◽  
Sovereign Defaults ◽  
Foreign Credit

Abstract Conventional wisdom dictates that democracies are reliable in upholding their international commitments. However, this assertion is at odds with democratic behavior in sovereign borrowing where democracies have sometimes imposed considerable losses on foreign creditors. Why do some democracies choose to renege on extremely large portions of their sovereign debt during economic crisis? This article argues that costs incurred by creditors are dependent on how the borrowing state's electoral system aggregates competing domestic economic interests. Internationally oriented economic interests prefer to minimize creditor losses since sizeable debt reductions are more likely to compromise access to foreign credit. Conversely, workers and domestic-oriented economic interests prefer to maximize losses faced by foreign creditors in order to ease the costs of austerity at home. By shaping the political incentives of policymakers, I argue that democracies with candidate-centric electoral systems should be associated with sovereign defaults that are less costly for foreign creditors. Under these electoral systems, governments hold incentives to cater primarily to internationally oriented economic interests that are best able to overcome the costs of collective action. Statistical evidence from 53 sovereign debt restructurings between 1978 and 2012 supports the main argument.

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