scholarly journals Complementarities between Labour Market Institutions and Their Causal Impact on Youth Labour Market Outcomes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane Niall O'Higgins ◽  
Giovanni Pica
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Market Institutions ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Labour Market Institutions ◽  
Youth Labour Market ◽  
Causal Impact ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes ◽  
Youth Labour

scholarly journals Complementarities between Labour Market Institutions and their Causal Impact on Youth Labour Market Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niall O’Higgins ◽  
Giovanni Pica
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Employment Protection ◽  
Employment Protection Legislation ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Market Institutions ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Labour Market Institutions ◽  
Protection Legislation ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWe analyse theoretically and empirically the effects on young people’s labour market outcomes of two specific labour market institutions and their interaction: employment protection legislation and active labour market policy. The paper examines recent policy reforms in Italy focussing on the impact of the 2012 Fornero reforms of employment protection legislation as well as the initial impact of the EU-wide Youth Guarantee scheme introduced in Italy in March 2014. The paper then examines how these two policy reforms interacted. The analysis first confirms the finding that the Fornero reform increased permanent hires particularly amongst the very youngest workers; it then goes on to find that the YG was indeed successful in increasing the hires of young people, although this operated through a statistically significant increase in female hires on temporary contracts. Third, it finds some evidence of a dampening effect of the YG on EPL reforms as predicted by theory.

Why Have Labour Market Outcomes of Youth in Advanced Economies Deteriorated?

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebekka Christopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Simultaneous Equations ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Relative Demand ◽  
Youth Labour Market ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
Social Partners ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes ◽  
Youth Labour

Abstract: Youth labour outcomes in comparison to those of prime-age adults have worsened across the OECD since the mid-1970s. English-speaking countries experienced mostly declines in relative pay; continental European countries experienced mostly declines in relative employment. This paper aims to explain these developments by estimating a system of simultaneous equations on a panel of 10 advanced economies. The results suggest that the deterioration in the youth labour market has been due to inward shifts in relative demand, offset only partially by reductions in relative supply. The heterogeneity in the deterioration across countries was caused partly by differential rates of relative pay adjustment, depending on each country’s mix of labour market institutions and the priority attached by social partners to youth employment.

Gender inequalities in the initial labour market experience of young Europeans

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella Berloffa ◽  
Eleonora Matteazzi ◽  
Alina Şandor ◽  
Paola Villa
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Market Institutions ◽  
Labour Market Institutions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Youth Labour Market ◽  
Market Experience

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate gender differences in employment status trajectories of young Europeans during their initial labour market experience, and the way in which they are affected by some labour market institutions. Design/methodology/approach The empirical analysis is based on EU-SILC longitudinal data (waves 2006–2012), and focusses on young people aged 16–34. Monthly information on self-declared employment statuses for 36 months is used to define “employment status trajectories”. Young people are observed in two different phases: the first three years after leaving education (first phase) and a three-year window, starting around four years after the end of education (2nd phase). Multinomial logit models are used to estimate the probability of following different trajectory types as a function of individual characteristics, macroeconomic conditions and institutional indicators. Findings Results show that, in the first phase, women and men face on average the same difficulties in entering the labour market. When controlling for the presence of children, non-mothers have higher chances than men to enter rapidly and successfully into the labour market, whereas young mothers have the same chances. In contrast, in the second phase women experience more fragmented pathways than men, even if they do not have children. A less stringent regulation on dismissals of employees with regular contracts could enhance women’s employment opportunities in the school-to-work transition, but it would have detrimental effects for both men and women in the subsequent years. On the contrary, a more stringent regulation on the use of temporary contracts would have beneficial effects for women, with no adverse effects for men. Originality/value The paper contributes to the literature in several ways. First, it takes a broader perspective on youth labour market integration by considering two phases of individuals’ initial working life. Second, it combines an explicit attention to the first “significant” employment experience with a focus on individual trajectories, by adopting a new method to group trajectories. Third, it shows how the effects of labour market institutions vary by gender, highlighting the importance of considering gender-specific consequences when discussing or adopting labour market reforms.

The youth labour market: From education to work before and after the global financial crisis

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Watson
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Youth Labour Market ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Teenagers And Young Adults ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

This article examines labour market outcomes for teenagers and young adults before and after the global financial crisis. Using labour market activity calendar data, I analyse two cohorts of young people – a pre-global financial crisis cohort and a post-global financial crisis cohort – over the period from 2001 to 2016. A life course approach (sequence analysis) is used to track education-to-work transitions over this period. Optimal matching methods and cluster analysis are used to subdivide the cohorts into three distinctive categories. These form the basis for further analysis, including regression modelling. The key issue examined is whether labour market outcomes differed between these two cohorts, and, by extension, between the periods before and after the global financial crisis. In addition, the categorisation is used to examine issues of long-term marginalisation in the labour market. The main labour market outcomes analysed were gaining employment and conditions of employment, specifically underemployment and casualisation. The article concludes that gaining employment significantly deteriorated over this period. Furthermore, while the comparison of global financial crisis cohorts showed no significant differences when it came to underemployment and casualisation, this partly reflected the fact that both of these were already very high among this population of teenagers and young adults.

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