Indirect Measures of Trade Costs: Limitations and Caveats

Abstract. Accumulated evidence suggests that indirect measures such as the Implicit Association Test (IAT) provide an increment in personality assessment explaining behavioral variance over and above self-reports. Likewise, it has been shown that there are several unwanted sources of variance in personality IATs potentially reducing their psychometric quality. For example, there is evidence that individuals use imagery-based facilitation strategies while performing the IAT. That is, individuals actively create mental representations of their person that fit to the category combination in the respective block, but do not necessarily fit to their implicit personality self-concept. A single-block IAT variant proposed by attitude research, where compatible and incompatible trials are presented in one and the same block, may prevent individuals from using such facilitation strategies. Consequently, for the trait need for cognition (NFC), a new single-block IAT version was developed (called Moving-IAT) and tested against the standard IAT for differences in internal consistency and predictive validity in a sample of 126 participants. Although the Moving-IAT showed lower internal consistency, its predictive value for NFC-typical behavior was higher than that of the standard IAT. Given individual’s strategy reports, the single-block structure of the Moving-IAT indeed reduces the likelihood of imagery-based strategies.

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On the Stability of Evaluative Conditioning Effects

Social Psychology ◽

10.1027/1864-9335/a000150 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 44 (6) ◽

pp. 380-389 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Sabine Förderer ◽

Christian Unkelbach

Keyword(s):

Evaluative Conditioning ◽

Indirect Measures ◽

The Stability ◽

Over Time

Evaluative conditioning (EC) refers to valence changes in neutral stimuli (CSs) through repeated pairing with liked or disliked stimuli (USs). The present study examined the stability of EC effects in the course of 1 week. We investigated how this stability depends on memory for US valence and US identity. We also investigated whether CSs evaluations occurring immediately after conditioning (i.e., evaluative consolidation) are necessary for stable EC effects. Participants showed stable EC effects on direct and indirect measures, independent of evaluations immediately after conditioning. EC effects depended on memory for US valence but not for US identity. And although memory decreased significantly over time, EC effects remained stable. These data suggest that evaluative consolidation is not necessary, and that conditioned preferences and attitudes might persist even when people do not remember the concrete source anymore.

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Exploring the suitability of indirect measures of aggression

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e552472012-096 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Sarah Teige-Mocigemba ◽

K. C. Klauer

Keyword(s):

Indirect Measures

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Policy reforms and the reduction of trade costs

Trade Costs and Inclusive Growth: Case Studies Presented by WTO Chair-Holders ◽

10.30875/f9cd5cf1-en ◽

2018 ◽

Keyword(s):

Trade Costs ◽

Policy Reforms

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METHODS ASSESSMENT QUALITY OF ACCOUNTING REPORTING AND MODELS OF THEIR MEASUREMENT

EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA ◽

10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2020.03.03.018 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 95-99

Author(s):

E. H. ABU ◽

Keyword(s):

Internal Control ◽

Stock Prices ◽

Control Method ◽

Financial Statements ◽

Accounting Conservatism ◽

Standardized Assessment ◽

Accrual Quality ◽

Indirect Measures

The article explores individual approaches used to measure and evaluate the quality of financial state-ments: standardized assessment, accrual-based models (accrual quality), Beneise models (M-Score), in-dexes - the internal control method and the degree of accounting conservatism. The reason for the great dependence on the use of indirect measures (proxies for the quality of financial statements or stock prices) is that some of the qualities of financial statements are unobservable.

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