Tax Revenue Mobilization Episodes in Emerging Markets and Low-Income Countries: Lessons from a New Dataset

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardin Akitoby ◽  
Anja Baum ◽  
Clay Hackney ◽  
Olamide Harrison ◽  
Keyra Primus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Tax Revenue

scholarly journals Tax Revenue Mobilization Episodes in Emerging Markets and Low-Income Countries: Lessons from a New Dataset

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (234) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardin Akitoby ◽  
Anja Baum ◽  
Clay Hackney ◽  
Olamide Harrison ◽  
Keyra Primus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Tax Revenue

scholarly journals Why Do Developing Countries Tax So Little?

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 99-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Besley ◽  
Torsten Persson
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Low Income ◽  
News Media ◽  
Weak Sense ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Weak Institutions ◽  
Social And Cultural Factors ◽  
A Share

Low-income countries typically collect taxes of between 10 to 20 percent of GDP while the average for high-income countries is more like 40 percent. In order to understand taxation, economic development, and the relationships between them, we need to think about the forces that drive the development process. Poor countries are poor for certain reasons, and these reasons can also help to explain their weakness in raising tax revenue. We begin by laying out some basic relationships regarding how tax revenue as a share of GDP varies with per capita income and with the breadth of a country's tax base. We sketch a baseline model of what determines a country's tax revenue as a share of GDP. We then turn to our primary focus: why do developing countries tax so little? We begin with factors related to the economic structure of these economies. But we argue that there is also an important role for political factors, such as weak institutions, fragmented polities, and a lack of transparency due to weak news media. Moreover, sociological and cultural factors—such as a weak sense of national identity and a poor norm for compliance—may stifle the collection of tax revenue. In each case, we suggest the need for a dynamic approach that encompasses the two-way interactions between these political, social, and cultural factors and the economy.

Near-term IMF funds are ample, but more may be needed

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
First Responder ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
The Imf

Subject IMF funding dynamics. Significance The disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic is putting emerging markets (EMs) and low-income Countries (LICs) under economic and financial stresses. The IMF has long served as the world’s first responder to crises, and some 90 countries have already turned to it, raising fears of whether it has adequate resources to play a systemic role in helping to support these countries. Impacts A second wave of COVID-19 infections and deaths would prolong the economic crisis and could sharply raise demands for IMF resources. The organisation needs a quota increase but the fastest way to raise more resources for EMs is by increasing bilateral borrowing. For low-income countries, additional IMF funding is being mobilised.

scholarly journals Case Studies in Tax Revenue Mobilization in Low-Income Countries

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardin Akitoby ◽  
Jiro Honda ◽  
Hiroaki Miyamoto ◽  
Keyra Primus ◽  
Mouhamadou Sy
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Tax Revenue

Economics, Transitions, and Traps in Emerging Markets

2018 ◽  
pp. 76-98
Author(s):  
John M. Luiz
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Consumer Markets ◽  
Countries In Transition ◽  
New Consumer ◽  
Political Disorder

While future drivers of economic growth will be from emerging markets, the complexities associated with transitioning from low- to high-income country status. This chapter examines the economic prospects of emerging markets and the challenges they may face. In particular, the chapter investigates the notion of middle-income traps as a possible structural impediment to the realization of consistently high growth and the implications for business when operating within these traps. These countries may find themselves struggling to compete with the low wages of low-income countries and the technological aptitude of advanced countries. The result is the increasing deindustrialization of these countries and a growth slowdown as these countries fail to transition to higher-value activities. This struggle may be accentuated by structural changes in the economy and the process of modernization may produce political disorder, policy paralysis, and instability. This has implications for business that needs to be mindful of the pitfalls associated with countries in transition and different strategies may be required to operate in these settings where companies may have difficulty in moving up value chains and new consumer markets may be vulnerable to structural volatility.

scholarly journals Case Studies in Tax Revenue Mobilization in Low-Income Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (104) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardin Akitoby ◽  
Jiro Honda ◽  
Hiroaki Miyamoto ◽  
Keyra Primus ◽  
Mouhamadou Sy
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Tax Revenue

Report of the Managing Director to the International Monetary and Financial Committee on the IMF's Policy Agenda

Policy Papers ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 (45) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Capacity Building ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Policy Agenda ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
The Past ◽  
Crisis Prevention ◽  
The Republic

Over the past six months, work has concentrated on making surveillance more effective, reforming quotas and voice, and reviewing the finances of the institution to place them on a sustainable footing. Progress has also been made with other key elements of the medium-term strategy, including capacity building, crisis prevention, and support for emerging markets and low-income countries. In January, the Fund welcomed its 185th member, the Republic of Montenegro

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